COMMENTS
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Family PSYCHROLUTIDAE Fathead Sculpins
9 genera · 39 species · Taxonomic note: includes the former Bathylutichthyidae and several marine genera previously placed in Cottidae.
Subfamily COTTUNCULINAE
Ambophthalmos Jackson & Nelson 1998 ambon, ridge; ophthalmos, eye, referring to protruding orbital ridges of A. angustus and A. magnicirrus
Ambophthalmos angustus (Nelson 1977) narrow, referring to relatively narrow interorbital area compared with Neophrynichthys latus, its presumed congener at the time
Ambophthalmos eurystigmatephoros Jackson & Nelson 1999 eurys, wide or broad; stigmata, marks; phoros, bearer, referring to “widespread nature of markings,” i.e., “irregular pigmentation that covers most of the body”
Ambophthalmos magnicirrus (Nelson 1977) magnus, large; cirrus, frill or tendril, referring to fleshy appendages on head
Cottunculus Collett 1875 –unculus, diminutive suffix, presumed to be related to the sculpin genus Cottus (Cottidae)
Cottunculus granulosus Karrer 1968 granulated, referring to small, rough granules on back, roof of skull, gill cover, and dorsal part of eyelid
Cottunculus microps Collett 1875 micro-, small; ops, eye, referring to its “extraordinarily” (translation) small eyes
Cottunculus nudus Nelson 1989 bare or naked, referring to lack of prickles or plates on body (at least in late juveniles and adults)
Cottunculus spinosus Gilchrist 1906 spiny, referring to series of spines (or sharp tubercles) on head, “arranged with perfect bilateral symmetry with reference to the body”
Cottunculus subspinosus Jensen 1902 sub, less than or somewhat; spinosus, spiny, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to very small postocular and nuchal spines (or sharp tubercles), nearly or completely hidden by skin
Cottunculus thomsonii (Günther 1882) in honor of Charles Wyville Thomson (1830-1882), chief scientist of the HMS Challenger, from which type was collected (Thomson also persuaded the British Government to furnish the Challenger for a global voyage of oceanographic research)
Cottunculus tubulosus Byrkjedal & Orlov 2007 tubus, pipe; –osus, full of, referring to prominent bony tubes of lateral line
Dasycottus Bean 1890 dasys, wooly, referring to fine cirri scattered over head and body, giving it a furry or bristly appearance; Cottus, type genus of Cottidae, familial placement at time of description
Dasycottus setiger Bean 1890 seti, setae (hair-like structures); –iger, to bear, referring to fine cirri scattered over head and body, giving it a furry or bristly appearance
Eurymen Gilbert & Burke 1912 etymology not explained, perhaps named for Eurymenes from Greek mythology, whose name means “broad and strong”; if so, allusion not evident
Eurymen bassargini Lindberg 1930 of Basargin Cape, Peter the Great Bay, Vladivostok, Russia, type locality (Lindberg spelled species name with two “s” and name of type locality with just one)
Eurymen gyrinus Gilbert & Burke 1912 latinization of gyrinos, tadpole, referring to tadpole-shaped body
Malacocottus Bean 1890 malakos, soft, allusion not explained, presumably referring to “thin” skull bones of M. zonurus; Cottus, type genus of Cottidae, familial placement at time of description
Malacocottus gibber Sakamoto 1930 humpbacked, referring to “much elevated, hump-shaped” back, compared with almost straight dorsal profiles of congeners
Malacocottus kincaidi Gilbert & Thompson 1905 in honor of Trevor Kincaid (1872-1970), zoologist and oyster farmer, University of Washington (Seattle, USA), who collected type
Malacocottus zonurus Bean 1890 zonus, belt or band; oura, tail, referring to brown band at base of caudal fin and three on the fin itself
Subfamily PSYCHROLUTINAE
Bathylutichthys Balushkin & Voskoboinikova 1990 bathos, deep (“sea bed” per English version of paper) and luteo-, “to bathe” (per English version), perhaps from lutus, washed, presumably referring to capture of B. taranetzi at 1650 m; ichthys, fish
Bathylutichthys balushkini Voskoboinikova 2014 in honor of Arkadii Vladimirovich Balushkin (1948-2021), Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, a “prominent” (translation) contributor to the study of Antarctic fishes
Bathylutichthys taranetzi Balushkin & Voskoboinikova 1990 in honor of the “outstanding” (translation) Soviet ichthyologist Anatoly Yakovlevich Taranetz (1910-1941), whose 1941 paper laid the foundation of present-day views on cottoid systematics
Ebinania Sakamoto 1932 –ia, belonging to: Ken-ichi Ebina, Iwate Fisheries Experimental Station, who provided holotype of E. vermiculata; Sakamoto (later known as Matsubara) thanked Ebina and his staff for “many acts of kindness given me in various ways”
Ebinania australiae Jackson & Nelson 2006 of Australia, known only from Victoria, Tasmania, and South Australia to Western Australia (authors add: “Given the paucity of outwardly apparent specific characteristics within this genus, geographic names seem fitting for newly described allopatric species of this wide ranging genus.”)
Ebinania brephocephala (Jordan & Starks 1903) brephos, fetus, embryo or babe; cephalus, head, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to spineless head, compared with spines on heads of Cottunculus microps and C. thomsonii, its presumed congeners at the time
Ebinania costaecanariae (Cervigón 1961) of Costa Canaria, ship from which type was collected
Ebinania gyrinoides (Weber 1913) –oides, having the form of: gyrinus, tadpole, its body “strikingly similar to that of a frog larva” (translation)
Ebinania macquariensis Nelson 1982 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Macquarie Island, south of Tasmania, southern Pacific, type locality
Ebinania malacocephala Nelson 1982 malakos, soft; cephala, headed, referring to its moderately soft head (like other psychrolutids, arches and bones on top of head are fragile)
Ebinania vermiculata Sakamoto 1932 vermiculate (with worm-like markings), presumably referring to whitish vermiculations on head
Neophrynichthys Günther 1876 neo-, new; phryne, toad; ichthys, fish, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to its toad-like appearance, or perhaps to the stonefish genus Phrynichthys (=Synanceia), but we see only a superficial resemblance
Neophrynichthys heterospilos Jackson & Nelson 2000 heteros, different; spilos, mark or spot, referring to how its spots vary in number and size from head to tail, compared with N. latus, which has relatively uniform spotting on its body
Neophrynichthys latus (Hutton 1875) broad, referring to its broad head, as wide as it is long
Psychrolutes Günther 1861 psychro-, cold; lutes, bather, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to temperate and subpolar habitat of P. paradoxus
Psychrolutes dolganovi (Mandrytsa 1993) in honor of ichthyologist Vladimir Nikolaevich Dolganov (b. 1949), TINRO (Pacific Scientific Research Fisheries Centre), who supplied holotype [sometimes placed in Gilbertidia Berg 1898, treated here as a synonym of Psychrolutes; Gilbertidia, a replacement name for Gilbertina Jordan & Starks 1895 (preoccupied in molluscs), was originally named for ichthyologist Charles Henry Gilbert (1859-1928), “who has contributed more than any one else to the knowledge of the fishes of the Northern Pacific”]
Psychrolutes inermis (Vaillant 1888) unarmed, referring to absence of spiny tubercles on head compared with Cottunculus microps and C. torvus (=thomsonii), its presumed congeners at the time
Psychrolutes macrocephalus (Gilchrist 1904) macro-, long or large; cephalus, head, length of head ½ length of body
Psychrolutes marcidus (McCulloch 1926) withered, wasted or weak, allusion not explained, possibly referring to head, body and fins “entirely covered in loose, flabby skin, which almost entirely conceals the characters beneath it”
Psychrolutes marmoratus (Gill 1889) marbled, referring to blackish-brown color, marbled with light brown and gray
Psychrolutes microporos Nelson 1995 micro-, small; poros, pore, referring to minute terminal chin pore and, in general, to minute lateral-line pores on head
Psychrolutes occidentalis Fricke 1990 western, referring to it distribution in Western Australia, west of the other Australian species, P. marcidus
Psychrolutes paradoxus Günther 1861 strange or contrary to expectation, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to its combination of characters, which suggest a “natural affinity” with snailfishes, blennies, clingfishes, toadfishes, and anglerfishes
Psychrolutes phrictus Stein & Bond 1978 phriktos, Greek for “causing one to shudder,” referring to its “grotesque” appearance
Psychrolutes pustulosus (Schmidt 1937) full of blisters, referring to numerous tubercles on skin of holotype (but skin of a smaller specimen is said to be much smoother) [sometimes placed in Gilbertidia, treated here as a synonym of Psychrolutes; see P. dolganovi, above]
Psychrolutes sigalutes (Jordan & Starks 1895) sigelos, silent; lutes, bather, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to its lethargic, slow-swimming habits
Psychrolutes sio Nelson 1980 named after the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), which sponsored collection of holotype
Family CYCLOPTERIDAE Lumpfishes
6 genera · 32 species
Subfamily CYCLOPTERINAE Lumpsucker
Cyclopterus Linnaeus 1758 cyclos, circle or ring; pterus, fin, presumably referring to ventral fins forming an adhesive disc
Cyclopterus lumpus Linnaeus 1758 from the Anglo-Saxon lump, the fish having been called Lumpus anglorum by Gesner (1558), referring to dorsal fin so enveloped by a thick and tubercular skin that it might be mistaken for a lump
Subfamily LIPAROPSINAE Smooth Lumpsucker
named for Liparops Garman 1892 (=Aptocyclus), ops, appearance, allusion not explained, presumably referring to superficial resemblance of L. stelleri (=A. ventricosus) to the snailfish genus Liparis (Liparidae)
Aptocyclus De la Pylaie 1835 etymology not explained, possibly [h]apto, to fasten or bind; cyclos, circle or ring, referring to ventral fins forming an adhesive disc
Aptocyclus ventricosus (Pallas 1769) potbellied or bulging, referring to its two exceedingly large urinary bladders, which can cause an “unsightly belly size” (translation)
Subfamily EUMICROTREMINAE Spiny Lumpsuckers
Cyclopsis Popov 1930 cyclo-, circle; opsis, appearance, having an “oval form in its longitudinal section” (per Popov 1931)
Cyclopsis tentacularis Popov 1930 tentacled, referring to numerous small, thin tentacles over surface of body
Eumicrotremus Gill 1862 eu-, very; micro, small; trema, hole, presumably referring to extremely restricted gill opening of E. spinosus, smaller than those of Cyclopterus
Eumicrotremus andriashevi Perminov 1936 in honor of Soviet ichthyologist Anatoly Petrovich Andriashev (1910-2009), who, at the time, was studying the fishes of the northern Pacific Ocean, and provided Perminov with “valuable recommendations” (translation)
Eumicrotremus asperrimus (Tanaka 1912) very rough, referring to body thickly covered with large tubercles
Eumicrotremus awae (Jordan & Snyder 1902) of Awa Province (now Chiba Prefecture), Japan, where type locality (Kominato, entrance to Tokyo Bay) is situated
Eumicrotremus barbatus (Lindberg & Legeza 1955) bearded, referring to dermal papillae projecting from subcutaneous bases on cheeks, chin and throat (also on upper part of head), unique in the genus
Eumicrotremus bergi (Popov 1929) patronym not identified but almost certainly in honor of ichthyologist Lev (also Leo) Semyonovich Berg (1876-1950)
Eumicrotremus brashnikowi (Schmidt 1904) in honor of Russian ichthyologist and fisheries chief Vladimir Konstantinovich Bražnikov (or Brashnikov, 1870-1921), who collected holotype
Eumicrotremus derjugini Popov 1926 in honor of oceanographer Konstantin Mikhailovich Deryugin (1878-1938), Popov’s “dear teacher” (translation)
Eumicrotremus fedorovi Mandrytsa 1991 in honor of Vladimir Vladimirovich Fedorov (1939-2011), Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, who had studied the holotype and first suggested it as a new species
Eumicrotremus gyrinops (Garman 1892) gyrinus, tadpole; ops, appearance, presumably referring to its tadpole-like appearance
Eumicrotremus inarmatus (Mednikov & Prokhorov 1956) in-, not; armatus, armed (with a weapon), referring to low bumps and leathery (instead of conical) tubercles on skin lacking spiny or subdermal bony plates
Eumicrotremus jindoensis Lee & Kim 2017 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Jin-do Island, southwestern coast of Korean Peninsula, type locality
Eumicrotremus jordani (Soldatov 1929) patronym not identified but almost certainly in honor of ichthyologist David Starr Jordan (1851-1931), who co-described E. awae in 1902
Eumicrotremus lindbergi (Soldatov 1930) in honor of Georgii Ustinovich Lindberg (1894-1976), ichthyologist, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, co-author of book in which description appeared
Eumicrotremus mcalpini (Fowler 1914) in honor of philanthropist Charles Williston McAlpin (1865-1942), Secretary, Princeton University, “to whom the University is indebted for assistance in securing the present collection,” including type of this species
Eumicrotremus multituberculatus Voskoboinikova 2018 multi-, many; tuberculatus, with tubercles, referring to numerous bony tubercles on head and sides
Eumicrotremus ochotonensis Popov 1928 –ensis, suffix denoting place: proposed as a subspecies of E. derjugini endemic to the Sea of Okhotsk
Eumicrotremus orbis (Günther 1861) circle, its head and body forming “one orbicular mass”
Eumicrotremus pacificus Schmidt 1904 –icus, belonging to: Pacific Ocean, described as a northwestern Pacific species similar to E. spinosus from the Arctic and North Atlantic
Eumicrotremus phrynoides Gilbert & Burke 1912 –oides, having the form of: phryne, toad, presumably referring to “tadpole shaped” body
Eumicrotremus popovi (Soldatov 1929) in honor of Alexander Mikhailovich Popov (d. 1942), Hydrobiological Laboratory of Leningrad State University and the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, who proposed several cyclopterid taxa and coauthored paper in which description appeared
Eumicrotremus schmidti Lindberg & Legeza 1955 patronym not identified, presumably in honor of Soviet ichthyologist Petr Yulievich Schmidt (1872-1949)
Eumicrotremus spinosus (Fabricius 1776) spiny, referring to numerous strong, sharp spinules on large tubercles that cover most of body
Eumicrotremus taranetzi Perminov 1936 in honor of Soviet ichthyologist Anatoly Yakovlevich Taranetz (1910-1941), who provided “valuable recommendations” (translation) during the author’s study
Eumicrotremus tartaricus Lindberg & Legeza 1955 –icus, belonging to: Strait of Tartary, which divides Sakhalin, Russia, from mainland Asia, co-type locality (occurs in northwestern Pacific from southern Okhotsk Sea to Japan Sea at Peter the Great Bay, and Pacific coast off southern Kuril Islands)
Eumicrotremus terraenovae Myers & Böhlke 1950 of terra, land, and nova, new, referring to Newfoundland, Canada, type locality (also occurs in Gulf of Maine)
Eumicrotremus tokranovi (Voskoboinikova 2015) in honor of Alexei Mikhailovich Tokranov, Kamchatka Branch of the Pacific Institute of Geography, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, “famous” (translation) Russian ichthyologist specializing in fishes of the Russian Far East
Eumicrotremus uenoi Kai, Ikeguchi & Nakabo 2017 in honor of Tatsuji Ueno, formerly of the Hokkaido Fisheries Experimental Station, who contributed “greatly” to the systematics of Cyclopteridae
Lethotremus Gilbert 1896 lethos, to forget; trema, hole, differing from Eumicrotremus, in part, by the absence of pores on sides of head and body
Lethotremus muticus Gilbert 1896 unarmed, differing from Eumicrotremus in the “total absence” of bony plates
Proeumicrotremus Voskoboinikova & Orlov 2020 pro-, first or in front, referring to its intermediate position between generalized cyclopterid genera and Eumicrotremus
Proeumicrotremus soldatovi (Popov 1930) patronym not identified but almost certainly in honor of ichthyologist Vladimir Konstantinovich Soldatov (1875-1941), Moscow Technical Institute of Fishing Industry and Fish Farming, who collaborated with Popov on a cyclopterid paper in 1929