COMMENTS
v. 3.0 – 6 Nov. 2023 view/download PDF
Family TRIGLIDAE Searobins or Gurnards
12 genera/subgenera · 133 species
Subfamily PRIONOTINAE
Bellator Jordan & Evermann 1896 warrior, presumably mirroring name of B. militaris (“like a solider”), referring to elongate first and second dorsal-fin spines
Bellator brachychir (Regan 1914) brachy, short; cheir, hand, referring to pectoral fin shorter than head
Bellator egretta (Goode & Bean 1896) Egretta, genus of egrets, referring to elongate dorsal-fin ray, resembling the plume of an egret
Bellator farrago Richards & McCosker 1998 Latin for medley or mixture, referring to how it possesses a unique combination of characters present on congeners
Bellator gymnostethus (Gilbert 1892) gymnos, bare or naked; stethos, breast or chest, referring to “wholly naked” (scaleless) breast (and belly)
Bellator loxias (Jordan 1897) Greek for oblique, referring to 6-15 narrow brown oblique bands extending downward and backward from lateral line about halfway to anal fin (obsolete or less conspicuous on anterior body)
Bellator militaris (Goode & Bean 1896) like a soldier, referring to elongate first and second dorsal-fin spines (about as long as body)
Bellator ribeiroi Miller 1965 in honor of Brazilian ichthyologist Alipio de Miranda Ribeiro (1874-1939), who contributed “greatly” to the knowledge of the marine fauna of South America
Bellator xenisma (Jordan & Bollman 1890) Greek for a surprise, allusion not explained nor evident
Prionotus Lacepède 1801 prion, saw; notus, back, referring to what Lacepède believed were three free saw-like spines between spinous and soft dorsal fins of P. evolans (spines were probably separated from dorsal-fin membrane)
Prionotus alatus Goode & Bean 1883 winged, referring to very long pectoral fins
Prionotus albirostris Jordan & Bollman 1890 albus, white; rostris, snout, referring to white snout (and jaws)
Prionotus beanii Goode 1896 in honor of ichthyological colleague Tarleton H. Bean (1846-1916), U. S. National Museum (and co-author of publication in which description appeared)
Prionotus birostratus Richardson 1844 bi-, two; rostratus, beaked, referring to two strongly projecting plates on sides of snout
Prionotus carolinus (Linnaeus 1771) –inus, belonging to: Atlantic coast of either North or South Carolina, USA, type locality (but no types known)
Prionotus evolans (Linnaeus 1766) flying away, referring to long, wing-like pectoral fins, sometimes nearly reaching caudal-fin base, description based in part on the “smaller flying Trigla” of Browne (1756)
Prionotus horrens Richardson 1844 bristly, referring to “sabre-shaped” spines on head
Prionotus longispinosus Teague 1951 longus, long; spinosus, spiny, referring to “extremely long” opercular, preopercular and humeral spines
Prionotus martis Ginsburg 1950 etymology not explained, perhaps genitive of Mars, Roman god of war, continuing tradition of giving triglids warlike names (e.g., P. miles, both halves of Bellator militaris); it may also be worth noting that type locality, Sabine Pass, Texas, was the site of two major American Civil War battles
Prionotus miles Jenyns 1840 soldier, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to body mottled with “brilliant tile red” (per Charles Darwin’s Beagle field notes), resembling the uniforms of 19th-century soldier-sailors
Prionotus nudigula Ginsburg 1950 nudus, bare or naked; gula, throat, referring to its scaleless chest
Prionotus ophryas Jordan & Swain 1885 with a projecting brow, referring to “peculiar” profile of head, “being nearly straight from above front of eye backward, and steep and strongly concave from front of eye to tip of snout”
Prionotus paralatus Ginsburg 1950 para-, near, described as “very close” to P. alatus
Prionotus punctatus (Bloch 1793) spotted, described from an illustration showing red spots all over body and pectoral fins, but in real life the spotting is not as vivid (red-brown spots on upper back, sometimes with small dark spots on upper pectoral fins)
Prionotus roseus Jordan & Evermann 1887 rose red, referring to “chiefly pinkish red” color in life
Prionotus rubio Jordan 1886 from Rubio Volador (Flying Robin), local name for this species in Havana, Cuba, type locality
Prionotus ruscarius Gilbert & Starks 1904 brusque, allusion not explained, possibly referring to “strongly granular” head and or “strongly” ctenoid scales
Prionotus scitulus Jordan & Gilbert 1882 slender, referring to “much slenderer” body compared with congeners known at the time
Prionotus stearnsi Jordan & Swain 1885 in honor of Silas Stearns (1859-1888), of Pensacola, Florida, USA, “long a volunteer assistant to the U. S. Fish Commission, and a most intelligent student of economic questions in marine ichthyology” (per Jordan & Evermann 1898), who collected type; Jordan (1922) said Stearns, “driven from his native Maine by failing health” (reported elsewhere as a chronic lung disease), established himself at a wholesale fishing firm in Pensacola (type locality), where he became a “keen and competent naturalist,” but that “even the soft climate of Florida failed to save his life”
Prionotus stephanophrys Lockington 1881 stephanos, crown; ophrys, brow, presumably referring to convex forehead immediately in front of eye
Prionotus teaguei Briggs 1956 in honor of Gerard Warden Teague (1885-1974), amateur ichthyologist-herpetologist, British Vice-Consul for Paraguay, and Director of Midland Uruguay Railway Company, for his “excellent” work (a 1951 revision) on the genus, and for his assistance in identifying triglids in the University of Florida collection
Prionotus tribulus Cuvier 1829 Latin for scraping, presumably referring to longer, sharper spines on head compared with P. punctatus
Subfamily PTERYGOTRIGLINAE
Bovitrigla Fowler 1938 bos, bull, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to bull-like physiognomy of its “rather large” head; Trigla, type genus of family
Bovitrigla acanthomoplate Fowler 1938 acanthus, thorn or spine; omos, shoulder; plate, blade, referring to “long, slender suprascapular spine, flaring out and back”
Pterygotrigla Waite 1899 pterygion, dimunitive of pteryx, fin, presumably referring to wing-like pectoral fins of P. polyommata; Trigla, original genus of type species and type genus of family
Subgenus Pterygotrigla
Pterygotrigla andertoni Waite 1910 in honor of Thomas Anderton, Director (also described as Curator) of the Postobello Marine Fish Hatchery (Port Chalmers, New Zealand), who provided type (per Waite 1911)
Pterygotrigla cajorarori Richards & Yato 2012 combination of the first two letters of the senior author’s granddaughters, Carolyn, Josephine, Rachel, Rosemary, and Riley
Pterygotrigla gomoni Last & Richards 2012 in honor of Martin F. Gomon (b. 1945), senior curator of fishes, Museum of Victoria (Melbourne, Australia), who has “contributed greatly to the understanding of Australian fish systematics, particularly members of the triglid genus Lepidotrigla”
Pterygotrigla guezei Fourmanoir 1963 in honor of marine biologist Paul Guézé, who collected type with Fourmanoir and co-authored paper in which description appears
Pterygotrigla leptacanthus (Günther 1880) leptos, slender; acanthus, thorn or spine, referring to “slender and very long” preorbital and suprascapular spines
Pterygotrigla macrolepidota (Kamohara 1938) macro-, long or large; lepidota, scaled, referring to “much larger” scales along lateral line compared with congeners known at the time
Pterygotrigla madagascarensis Yato & Heemstra 2019 –ensis, suffix denoting place: upper continental slope south of Madagascar, southwestern Indian Ocean, type locality
Pterygotrigla pauli Hardy 1982 in honor of L. J. (Larry) Paul, a scientist at Fisheries Research Division, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, and honorary research associate of the National Museum of New Zealand, for his contribution to New Zealand ichthyology and his continuing interest in the development of the Museum’s collection
Pterygotrigla picta (Günther 1880) painted, presumably referring to “deep black round drops” on fins and entire body (except abdomen)
Pterygotrigla polyommata (Richardson 1839) poly, many; ommata, eyed, referring to “two large, contiguous, black, eye-like marks with narrow white borders” on each pectoral fin (per Richardson 1842)
Pterygotrigla ryukyuensis Matsubara & Hiyama 1932 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Ryukyu Islands, Japan, type locality (occurs in eastern Indian Ocean and western Pacific from Japan south through the South China Sea, Indonesia to northwestern Australia)
Pterygotrigla saumarez Last & Richards 2012 named for offshore plateau associated with the Saumarez Reef in the Coral Sea (Queensland, Australia), the general collection locality of most of the type specimens
Subgenus Otohime Jordan & Starks 1907 the goddess of fishes in Japanese mythology, its application to triglids, if any, not explained nor evident
Pterygotrigla amaokai Richards, Yato & Last 2003 in honor of the “eminent and recently retired” Japanese scientist Kunio Amaoka (formerly of Hokkaido University), for his many contributions to ichthyology
Pterygotrigla arabica (Boulenger 1888) Arabian, referring to Gulf of Oman, Arabian Sea, type locality
Pterygotrigla draiggoch Richards, Yato & Last 2003 named after Draig Goch, the Welsh red dragon (from the Welsh draig, dragon, and goch, red), referring to its spiny appearance and reddish color
Pterygotrigla elicryste Richards, Yato & Last 2003 combination of the first names of the mothers of the senior author’s grandchildren (Elizabeth, Crystal, and Stephania)
Pterygotrigla hafizi Richards, Yato & Last 2003 in honor of Ahmed Hafiz, Acting Director of the Marine Fisheries Section of the Maldives (type locality)
Pterygotrigla hemisticta (Temminck & Schlegel 1843) hemi-, partial; stictos, dappled or spotted, presumably referring to small black-brown spots only on upper body and dorsal fins
Pterygotrigla intermedica Roy, Ray, Mishra, Mishra & Mohapatra 2023 presumably a variant or misspelling of intermedia, Latin for intermediate, possessing characters “quite intermediate” to its congeners, e.g., diagonal band of white spots on inner surface of pectoral fin of P. hemisticta and pale-white or cream-colored rays like that of P. spirai
Pterygotrigla multipunctata Yatou & Yamakawa 1983 multi-, many; punctata, spotted, referring to small brownish blotches present on upper half of body and dorsal fins
Pterygotrigla soela Richards, Yato & Last 2003 named after the Australian fisheries research vessel Soela; “expeditions from this vessel have provided the basis of our knowledge of tropical Australian deep-sea fishes”
Pterygotrigla spirai Golani & Baranes 1997 in honor of neurobiologist Micha E. Spira, founding Scientific Director of Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences (now Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Elat, Israel), for his contribution to marine science research in the Red Sea
Pterygotrigla tagala (Herre & Kauffman 1952) based on Tagal or Tagalog, a people and their language of certain provinces of Luzon, Philippines (where Manila Bay, type locality, is situated)
Pterygotrigla urashimai Richards, Yato & Last 2003 named after Urashima, a hero of the Japanese folktale in which Otohime (subgenus), the goddess of fishes, is also an important character
Subgenus Parapterygotrigla Matsubara 1937 para-, near, proposed as a new genus related to Pterygotrigla but distinguished by a patch of villiform teeth on vomer, a pair of pungent nasal spines, and a sharp spine on outer basal part of each rostral process
Pterygotrigla brandesii (Bleeker 1850) in honor of H.H. Brandes, a farmer in Banda, Indonesia, who provided type [an undetermined species, type now lost, provisionally included here]
Pterygotrigla ferculum (Whitley 1952) Latin for litter, used in ancient times for carrying images of the gods in a circus procession, the ashes of the dead in a funeral, and the spoils of war in a triumph, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to “two long horns diverging from the snout and two more reaching back from the occiput,” which can be said to resemble the handles or carrying projections of a litter [based on a juvenile specimen, status uncertain, provisionally included here]
Pterygotrigla hoplites (Fowler 1938) armed (with a weapon), allusion not explained, perhaps referring to sword-like bony rostral extension on each side of end of snout and/or “stronger armature” (spines) on head compared with Dixiphistes and Dixiphistops (both junior synonyms of Parapterygotrigla)
Pterygotrigla jacad Richards & Yato 2014 formed from the names of the senior author’s grandsons, Jacob and Cade
Pterygotrigla macrorhynchus Kamohara 1936 macro-, long or large; rhynchus, snout, referring to “much longer” snout compared with P. ryukyuensis, about equal to length of body
Pterygotrigla megalops (Fowler 1938) mega-, large; ops, eye, described as “large, elevated, impinging on upper profile”
Pterygotrigla multiocellata (Matsubara 1937) multi-, many; ocellata, with eye-like spots, referring to upper half of body scattered with small yellowish dark-brown spots
Pterygotrigla robertsi del Cerro & Lloris 1997 in honor of Clive D. Roberts, Curator of Fishes, Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa; he gave the authors’ paper “linguistic polishing”
Subfamily TRIGLINAE
Chelidonichthys Kaup 1873 chelidon, swallow (bird), presumably referring to bird-like wingspan of large pectoral fins of C. hirundo (whose name also means swallow, now a junior synonym of C. lucerna), and which the ancients believed could fly; ichthys, fish
Subgenus Chelidonichthys
Chelidonichthys capensis (Cuvier 1829) –ensis, suffix denoting place: Cape of Good Hope, South Africa, type locality (occurs from Namibia and South Africa to southern Madagascar)
Chelidonichthys gabonensis (Poll & Roux 1955) –ensis, suffix denoting place: Gabon, although type locality and most of the type series were caught off the coast of Angola
Chelidonichthys ischyrus Jordan & Thompson 1914 Greek for robust, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to its shorter but deeper body compared with C. kumu, with larger scales, eye and head, and longer pectoral fin
Chelidonichthys kumu (Cuvier 1829) latinization of koumou, its local name in New Zealand, type locality, as reported by Cuvier (correct spelling is kumukumu per Robert Vennell, pers. comm.)
Chelidonichthys lucerna (Linnaeus 1758) Latin for lamp, a common name for the similar Dactylopterus volitans (Syngnathiformes: Dactylopteridae) dating to Pliny, who wrote that its fiery red tongue glowed during the night; name was later used for this or a related species by people in Liguria and Venice, Italy, during the Renaissance
Chelidonichthys queketti (Regan 1904) in honor of conchologist John Frederick Whitlie Quekett (1849-1913), curator of the Durban Natural History Museum (South Africa), who presented type to the British Museum (Natural History)
Chelidonichthys spinosus (McClelland 1843) spiny, referring to spine on either side of occiput or nape, a single large spine on humeral bone over pectoral fins, a single small spine on operculum, and two spines on lower corner of preoperculum
Subgenus Aspitrigla Fowler 1925 aspis, shield, proposed as a subgenus of Trigla with lateral line “armed” with a series of bony plates
Chelidonichthys cuculus (Linnaeus 1758) Latin for cuckoo, a name dating to Aristotle, who said this (or a related) species makes noises (when pulled from the water) like a cuckoo bird
Chelidonichthys obscurus (Walbaum 1792) dark, dim or indistinct, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to its plain, unmarked body color compared to streaks on Trigla lineata (=C. lastoviza)
Subgenus Trigloporus Smith 1934 porus, pore, a subgenus of Trigla distinguished by a “complex series of reticulate tubes (each ending in a pore)” covering entire body (except chest)
Chelidonichthys lastoviza (Bonnaterre 1788) common name for this species in Split, Croatia, along the Adriatic Sea as reported by Brünnich (1768)
Eutrigla Fraser-Brunner 1938 eu-, well or very, distinguished from Trigla (original genus of T. gurnardus) by presence of enlarged and ossified lateral line scales, each with a spinate medial keel
Eutrigla gurnardus (Linnaeus 1758) latinization of the Anglo-Saxon gurnard, common name for this and related species, probably a variant of the French grognard, grumbler or grunter, referring to sound it makes when pulled from the water
Lepidotrigla Günther 1860 lepido-, scaled, referring to larger scales than those on Trigla
Lepidotrigla abyssalis Jordan & Starks 1904 of the deep sea, presumably referring to its occurrence at 91-110 m
Lepidotrigla alata (Houttuyn 1782) winged, presumably referring to wing-like pectoral fins (and perhaps to reports from others that its congeners can fly)
Lepidotrigla alcocki Regan 1908 in honor of physician-naturalist Alfred William Alcock (1859-1933), Superintendent of the Indian Museum (West Bengal, India), for his “valuable” work on the deep-sea fishes of the Indian Ocean
Lepidotrigla annamarae del Cerro & Lloris 1997 in honor of the senior author’s older daughter Annamar, on the occasion of her seventh birthday
Lepidotrigla argus Ogilby 1910 Argus, mythical hundred-eyed guardian of Io, whose eyes after death were transformed into the feathers of a peacock, presumably referring to “brilliant” red or orange spot on first dorsal fin
Lepidotrigla argyrosoma Fowler 1938 argyros, silver; soma, body, presumably referring to white lower half of body with “silvery tints”
Lepidotrigla bentuviai Richards & Saksena 1977 in honor of ichthyologist Adam Ben-Tuvia (1919-1999), Hebrew University of Jerusalem, for his work on the fishes of the western Indian Ocean
Lepidotrigla bispinosa Steindachner 1898 bi-, two; spinosa, spiny, referring to rostral process with a single pair of prominent blade-like spines
Lepidotrigla brachyoptera Hutton 1872 brachys, short; ptera, finned, presumably referring to shorter pectoral-fin filaments compared with one or more congeners known at the time
Lepidotrigla cadmani Regan 1915 in honor of J. Cadman (no other information available), who provided the British Museum with a collection of fishes trawled off Lagos, Nigeria, including type of this one
Lepidotrigla calodactyla Ogilby 1910 etymology not explained, perhaps cal[l]o-, beautiful; dactylos, finger, referring to long pectoral fin rays “crossed by wide umber brown of blackish bars”
Lepidotrigla carolae Richards 1968 in honor of Richards’ wife, Carol
Lepidotrigla cavillone (Lacepède 1801) common name for this species along the Mediterranean coast of France, referring to its resemblance to a caville (or cheville), a peg or plug (although we fail to see such a resemblance)
Lepidotrigla deasoni Herre & Kauffman 1952 in honor of Hilary J. Deason (1903-1984), Chief of the Office of Foreign Activities, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, “who has taken great interest in Philippine fish and fisheries and has zealously promoted their study”
Lepidotrigla dieuzeidei Blanc & Hureau 1973 in honor of Jean Dieuzeide, probably marine biologist Jean René Dieuzeide (1900-?)
Lepidotrigla eydouxii Sauvage 1878 in honor of Joseph Fortuné Théodore Eydoux (1802-1841), naturalist and naval surgeon, who helped collect type aboard La Bonite during its 1836-1837 circumnavigation of the globe
Lepidotrigla faurei Gilchrist & Thompson 1914 presumably named for the Cape Government (South Africa) trawler P. Faure, from which type was collected
Lepidotrigla firmisquamis Prokofiev & Yato 2020 firmus, firm; squama, scale, referring to its “strongly adherent” scales
Lepidotrigla grandis Ogilby 1910 large, at 215 mm TL, the largest of the four species of Lepidotrigla that Ogilby described in the same publication
Lepidotrigla guentheri Hilgendorf 1879 patronym not identified but clearly in honor of ichthyologist-herpetologist Albert Günther (1830-1914), who proposed the genus in 1860
Lepidotrigla hime Matsubara & Hiyama 1932 Japanese word for a young lady of noble birth, i.e., princess, allusion not explained nor evident (see also Hime, Aulopiformes, Aulopidae)
Lepidotrigla japonica (Bleeker 1854) Japanese, described from Nagasaki (occurs in western Pacific from Indonesia and South China Sea of Taiwan, north to Korea and Japan)
Lepidotrigla jimjoebob Richards 1992 combination of letters from the nicknames of Richards’ sons, James (Jim), Joseph (Joe) and Robert (Bob)
Lepidotrigla kanagashira Kamohara 1936 Japanese name for members of the genus (also spelled kanagasira)
Lepidotrigla kishinouyi Snyder 1911 in honor of Kamakichi Kishinouye (1867-1929), head of the Imperial Fisheries Bureau of Japan (it is assumed that Snyder dropped the “e” for phonetic reasons)
Lepidotrigla larsoni del Cerro & Lloris 1997 in honor of Helen Larson, Curator of Fishes, Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory (Darwin, Australia), who collected type series and loaned them for study [preferably spelled larsonae since name honors a woman, but ICZN 32.5.1 forbids such a correction]
Lepidotrigla lepidojugulata Li 1981 lepido-, scale; jugulata, throated, referring to scales on throat and breast
Lepidotrigla longifaciata Yatou 1981 longus, long; faciata, faced, referring to its “long” and “rather large” head
Lepidotrigla longimana Li 1981 longus, long; mana, handed, referring to produced fifth ray of pectoral fin
Lepidotrigla longipinnis Alcock 1890 longus, long; pinnis, fin, proposed as a subspecies of L. spiloptera with longer pectoral fins
Lepidotrigla macracaina Gomon & Kawai 2018 macro-, long; acaina, spine, referring to “distinctive” elongate second dorsal-fin spine
Lepidotrigla macrobrachium Fowler 1938 macro-, long; brachium, arm, referring to longer pectoral fin compared with the similar L. japonica [name often and incorrectly treated as as adjective, macrobrachia]
Lepidotrigla maculapinna Gomon & Kawai 2018 macula, spot; pinna, fin, referring to “distinctive” dark-edged pale blue spots on inner surface of pectoral fin
Lepidotrigla marisinensis (Fowler 1938) –ensis, suffix denoting place: maris, sea; Sinica, China, referring to China Sea, type locality
Lepidotrigla microptera Günther 1873 micro-, small; ptera, finned, presumably referring to length of pectoral fin, described as reaching fourth anal-fin ray (compared with sixth ray in at least one other congener known to Günther)
Lepidotrigla modesta Waite 1899 moderate or unassuming, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to shorter pectoral fin (reaching first anal-fin ray) compared with the related L. mulhalli (reaching sixth ray)
Lepidotrigla mulhalli Macleay 1884 in honor of Thomas Mulhall (d. 1897), Sub-Inspector, Department of Fisheries (New South Wales), to whom Macleay was “indebted” for much of knowledge of the fishes of Australia
Lepidotrigla multispinosa Smith 1934 multi-, many; spinosus, spiny, having more preorbital spines than L. faurei
Lepidotrigla musorstom del Cerro & Lloris 1997 named for the acronym MUSORSTOM, for a series of exploratory cruises to New Caledonia (tpe locality) jointly sponsored by the Institut français de Recherche Scientifique pour le Développement en Coopération (ORSTOM) and the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle
Lepidotrigla nana del Cerro & Lloris 1997 dwarf, referring to small size, up to 125.6 mm TL (101.4 SL)
Lepidotrigla oglina Fowler 1938 with large eyes, referring to “very large eye, exceeding the depth of the preorbital”
Lepidotrigla omanensis Regan 1905 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Sea (Gulf) of Oman, type locality (occurs in northern Indian Ocean from Gulf of Aden east to Myanmar)
Lepidotrigla papilio (Cuvier 1829) butterfly, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to ocellus or eyespot on first dorsal fin and/or wing-like pectoral fins that resemble a butterfly’s (when seen from above)
Lepidotrigla pectoralis Fowler 1938 pectoral, referring to long pectoral fins
Lepidotrigla pleuracanthica (Richardson 1845) pleuro-, side; acanthica, thorny or spiny, referring to “spinous scales” of lateral line
Lepidotrigla psolokerkos Gomon & Psomadakis 2018 psolos, dirt; kerkos, tail, referring to “distinctive” gray blotch dorsoposteriorly on caudal fin
Lepidotrigla punctipectoralis Fowler 1938 punctus, spot; pectoralis, pectoral, referring to “scattered small white spots and several larger below” on blackish area of pectoral fin
Lepidotrigla robinsi Richards 1997 in honor of C. Richard Robins (1928-2020), University of Miami, upon his retirement; “He has made outstanding contributions to ichthyology, has been a most helpful colleague, and a very dear friend”
Lepidotrigla russelli del Cerro & Lloris 1995 in honor of Barry C. Russell, Director of Research and Collections, Northern Territory Museum of Arts & Sciences (Darwin, Australia), who “kindly loaned a large amount of triglid material to two hitherto unknown men, extended the period of loan when necessary and did his best to attend to our requests”
Lepidotrigla sayademalha Richards 1992 named for Saya de Malha Bank, western Indian Ocean, type locality
Lepidotrigla sereti del Cerro & Lloris 1997 in honor of ichthyologist Bernard Séret (b. 1949), ORSTOM (Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique d’Outre-Mer), who “entrusted” the authors with the study of New Caledonian triglids and loaned material
Lepidotrigla spiloptera Günther 1880 spilos, mark or spot; ptera, finned, referring to white spots spread across inner surface of pectoral fin
Lepidotrigla spinosa Gomon 1987 thorny, referring to prominent spine-bearing lateral-line scales characteristic of this species
Lepidotrigla tanydactyla Gomon & Kawai 2018 tany, long; dactyla, fingered, referring to “distinctive” elongate first free pectoral-fin ray
Lepidotrigla umbrosa Ogilby 1910 shady, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to “Pale lilaceous brown” color of upper body
Lepidotrigla vanessa (Richardson 1839) per Richardson 1842, named for Vanessa, a genus of butterflies, referring to butterfly-like ocellus on pectoral fins
Lepidotrigla vaubani del Cerro & Lloris 1997 of the research vessel Vauban, from which type was taken off New Caledonia in 1985
Lepidotrigla venusta Fowler 1938 beautiful, presumably indicating Fowler’s opinion of its appearance, featuring a large blackish-brown blotch on white-edged pectoral fin
Trigla Linnaeus 1758 classical name of Red Mullet, Mullus barbatus (Syngnathiformes: Mullidae), combined with gurnards by Artedi possibly because fishes from both taxa make sounds when pulled from the water and/or their red color; Linnaeus separated them, transferring Trigla to the gurnards, contrary to ancient usage
Trigla lyra Linnaeus 1758 lyre, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to head when seen from above, its protuberances, plates and spines combining to form a lyre-like shape
Family PERISTEDIIDAE Armored Searobins
6 genera · 45 species
Gargariscus Smith 1917 Greek for gullet, throat or jaw, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to “premaxillaries bearing a broad band of fine teeth extending from symphysis half way to angle of mouth”
Gargariscus prionocephalus (Duméril 1869) prion, saw; cephalus, head, referring to serrated edge of cephalic shield
Heminodus Smith 1917 etymology not explained, perhaps hemi-, partial, and nodus, knot, referring to short and spine-like rostral processes (compared with long and flat on Gargariscus)
Heminodus philippinus Smith 1917 Filipino, referring to the Philippines, type locality (also occurs at the Nicobar Islands)
Paraheminodus Kamohara 1958 para-, near, related to Heminodus but differing in having well-developed barbels
Paraheminodus kamoharai Kawai, Imamura & Nakaya 2004 in honor of the late Toshiji Kamohara (1901-1972), Kochi University, who studied the taxonomy of the family Peristediidae (he proposed the genus in 1958) and “contributed much to the development of ichthyology”
Paraheminodus laticephalus (Kamohara 1952) latus, wide; cephalus, head, presumably referring to large head with “very broad” snout “expanded around the edges”
Paraheminodus longirostralis Kawai, Nakaya & Séret 2008 longus, long; rostratus, beaked, referring to its long rostral projections (53-59% HL)
Paraheminodus murrayi (Günther 1880) in honor of John Murray (1841-1914, later the founder of modern oceanography), of the HMS Challenger, from which type was collected
Peristedion Lacepède 1801 peri-, around; stedion, diminutive of stethos, breast or chest, referring to bony plates that line underside of body, forming a kind of plastron (a large pad worn by a fencer to protect the chest), the feature by which Lacepède distinguished the genus from Trigla (Triglidae)
Peristedion altipinne Regan 1903 altus, high; pinnis, finned, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to higher dorsal fins compared with most or all congeners known at the time
Peristedion amblygenys Fowler 1938 amblys, blunt; genys, chin, presumably referring to keel of suborbital stay, “without any spines and simply obtuse posteriorly”
Peristedion antillarum Teague 1961 of the Antilles, referring to type locality at Barbados, West Indies
Peristedion barbiger Garman 1899 barbus, barbel; –iger, to bear, referring to chin barbels, “numerous, closely bunched, comparatively long”
Peristedion brevirostre (Günther 1860) brevis, short; rostratus, beaked, presumably referring to shorter rostral projections compared to most or all congeners known at the time
Peristedion cataphractum (Linnaeus 1758) clad in armor, referring to body cuirassed with large bony plate
Peristedion crustosum Garman 1899 covered with a rind or shell, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to “rough, granular” scales and/or “large granular laterally ridged plates” covering lower surface behind pectoral fins
Peristedion ecuadorense Teague 1961 –ensis, suffix denoting place: reflecting Teague’s mistaken belief that Ecuador was the type locality (actually off South Carolina, USA; Teague confused Albatross hydrographic station 2624 with dredging station 2624)
Peristedion gracile Goode & Bean 1896 slender, referring to “very slender” body
Peristedion greyae Miller 1967 in honor of the late Marion Grey (1911-1964), Chicago Natural History Museum, for her many contributions to the knowledge of bathypelagic and benthic fishes
Peristedion imberbe Poey 1861 beardless, originally thought to be lacking barbels by Poey, who later (1866) acknowledged that its barbels are inconspicuous and scarcely visible
Peristedion liorhynchus (Günther 1872) leios, smooth; rhynchus, snout, referring to spineless snout (and forehead)
Peristedion longicornutum Fricke, Kawai, Yato & Motomura 2017 longus, long; cornutus, horned, referring to its “unusually long” rostral projections
Peristedion longispatha Goode & Bean 1886 longus, long; spatha, blade or staff, referring to long rostral projections, twice length of snout
Peristedion miniatum Goode 1880 scarlet, referring to “bright crimson” color
Peristedion nesium Bussing 2010 from the Greek nesos, islander, referring to Cocos Island, Costa Rica, only known area of occurrence
Peristedion orientale Temminck & Schlegel 1843 eastern, described from a specimen from Japan (also occurs off China, Korea and Taiwan)
Peristedion paucibarbiger Castro-Aguirre & García-Domínguez 1984 pauci-, few; barbiger, bearded, referring to lower number of labial barbels compared with P. gracile
Peristedion picturatum McCulloch 1926 painted, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to broad black margins on both dorsal fins, the tips of the spines and rays white
Peristedion richardsi Kawai 2016 in honor of William J. Richards (b. 1936), National Marine Fisheries Service, for his numerous contributions to ichthyology; he also reviewed Kawai’s draft manuscript and offered “valuable” suggestions
Peristedion riversandersoni Alcock 1894 in honor of Adam Rivers Steele Anderson (1863-1924), captain and surgeon-naturalist of the Royal Indian Marine Survey steamer Investigator, from which type was collected
Peristedion thompsoni Fowler 1952 in honor of Arthur R. Thompson, owner of the yacht Triton from which holotype was dredged off coast of southern Florida
Peristedion truncatum (Günther 1880) truncate, presumably referring to opercular ridge terminating in a “short and truncated projection”
Peristedion unicuspis Miller 1967 unus, one; cuspis, point, referring to single, retrorse spine found on each posterior scute of superomedian series of adults
Peristedion weberi Smith 1934 in honor of ichthyologist Max Weber (1852-1937), who described the related P. nierstraszi (=riversandersoni), proposed by Weber in 1913
Satyrichthys Kaup 1873 etymology not explained, perhaps satyrus, a god or demon, referring to two fork-shaped prolongations on end of snout of S. rieffeli, like the horns of a demon; ichthys, fish
Satyrichthys clavilapis Fowler 1938 clavis; key; lapis, stone, referring to contour of head as viewed from above, suggestive of the outline of a keystone
Satyrichthys laticeps (Schlegel 1852) latus, wide; ceps, head, referring to wider head compared with Peristedion cataphractum and P. orientale, its presumed congeners at the time
Satyrichthys lingi (Whitley 1933) in honor of George William Ling (Sydney, Australia), who “secured” holotype from the trawler Durraween
Satyrichthys longiceps (Fowler 1943) longus, long; ceps, head, referring to its “very long” head, “longer than the rest of the body” (Fowler’s illustration appears to indicate that head is longer than body if caudal peduncle is not included)
Satyrichthys milleri Kawai 2013 in honor of George C. Miller, National Marine Fisheries Service, for his numerous contributions to the taxonomy of the family Peristediidae
Satyrichthys moluccensis (Bleeker 1850) –ensis, suffix denoting place: Molucca Islands, Indonesia, where type locality (Ambon Island) is situated (occurs in eastern Indian and western Pacific Oceans from Indonesia east to Papua New Guinea, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia)
Satyrichthys rieffeli (Kaup 1859) “in honour of the memory of my true and excellent friend De Rieffel, who has done so much for our Museum and University”; probably Franz von Rieffe (1834-1858), politician and government official responsible for public finances for the Hessian government in Darmstadt, Germany, where Kaup lived and worked (the university is probably Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen and the museum the Natural History Cabinet of Ludwig III, now Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt; Johannes Müller, pers. comm.)
Satyrichthys welchi (Herre 1925) in honor of Thomas Gary Welch 1864-1928), an attorney and civil servant in the Philippines, for his “interest in scientific matters” and his assistance with Herre’s studies of Philippine fishes
Scalicus Jordan 1923 etymology not explained, possibly from skallo, to hoe or stir up earth, referring to “shovel-shaped” snout of S. amiscus (=hians)
Scalicus engyceros (Günther 1872) engys, near; ceros, horn, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to horn-like rostral projections
Scalicus hians (Gilbert & Cramer 1897) gaping or open, allusion not explained nor evident
Scalicus orientalis (Fowler 1938) eastern, described from East Indies (e.g., Indonesia) and the Philippines
Scalicus paucibarbatus Kawai 2019 pauci-, few; barbatus, bearded, referring to fewer branches on its filamentous barbel compared with S. engyceros
Scalicus quadratorostratus (Fourmanoir & Rivaton 1979) quadratus, squared; rostratus, beaked, allusion not explained, presumably referring to squarish rather than triangular shape of rostral projections
Scalicus serrulatus (Alcock 1898) diminutive of serra, saw, i.e., small saw-toothed, referring to “sharply serrulate” preopercular ridge and/or “finely serrulate” bony ridges on head