Revised 6 Dec 2025
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Protanguilla Johnson, Ida & Miya 2012 prṓtos (πρῶτος), first, referring to the early divergence of this genus among anguilliforms; anguilla (L.), eel, derived from anguis (L.), snake, referring to snake-like body shape

Protanguilla palau Johnson, Ida & Sakaue 2012 named for the Republic of Palau, western Pacific Ocean, where holotype was collected from a 35 m-deep fringing-reef cave