Updated 16 April 2024
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Acapoeta Cockerell 1910 á– (ἄ), Greek privative, not, i.e., not Capoeta, proposed as a subgenus of Capoeta (Barbinae)

Acapoeta tanganicae (Boulenger 1900) of Lake Tanganyika, where it is endemic

Arabibarbus Borkenhagen 2014 Arabi-, referring to Arabian distribution of this genus, previously placed in the genus Barbus (Barbinae)

Arabibarbus arabicus (Trewavas 1941) –icus (L.), belonging to: Arabian Peninsula (Yemen to Saudi Arabia), where it occurs

Arabibarbus grypus (Heckel 1843) from grypós (Gr. γρυπός), curved or hook-nosed, probably referring to how profile of brow forms a “parabolic arc down over the nose” (translation)

Arabibarbus hadhrami Borkenhagen 2014 named for the people, who call themselves “Hadhrami, who live in the Hadhramaut Province of Yemen, where this species occurs

Atlantor Borkenhagen & Freyhof 2023 Atla-, referring to Atlas Mountains, Morocco, where type locality of A. reinii (Tensift River) originates; Tor, generic name of the tribe that includes this genus

Atlantor reinii (Günther 1874) in honor of German geographer and natural history collector Johannes Justus Rein (1835–1918), who, along with Karl Wilhelm Georg von Fritsch (see Carasobarbus ftitschii), collected holotype in Morocco [likely extinct; not seen since 2001]

Barbopsis Di Caporiacco 1926 ópsis (Gr. ὄψις), appearance, referring to similarity to Barbus (Barbinae), then a catch-all genus for many African cyprinids

Barbopsis devecchii Di Caporiacco 1926 in honor of Cesare Maria De Vecchi (1884–1959), governor of Italian Somaliland (now a region of northern Somalia), where it is endemic

Carasobarbus Karaman 1971 etymology not explained, presumably caraso-, referring to similarity to carps (Carassius, Cyprininae) and previous placement of C. luteus in Barbus (barbels, Barbinae), i.e., carp-like barbs

Carasobarbus apoensis (Banister & Clarke 1977) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: á– (ἄ), Greek privative, without; póa (Gr. πόα), grass, “coming from a grassless place,” referring to Arabian desert habitat

Carasobarbus canis (Valenciennes 1842) dog, Latin translation of Kaelb, vernacular for this species in the Jordan River area of what is now Palestine

Carasobarbus chantrei (Sauvage 1882) in honor of French anthropologist and archaeologist Ernest Chantre (1843–1924), who collected holotype

Carasobarbus exulatus (Banister & Clarke 1977) Latin for banished, referring to its isolated habitats in Wadi (=valley) Hadramut and Wadi Maran, Yemen

Carasobarbus fritschii (Günther 1874) in honor of German geologist, paleontologist and natural history collector Karl Wilhelm Georg von Fritsch (1838–1906), who, along with J. J. Rein (see Atlantor reinii), collected holotype in Morocco

Carasobarbus grandisquamatus (Pellegrin 1930) grandis (L.), large; squamatus (L.), scaled, proposed as a variety of C. moulouyensis with larger scales

Carasobarbus harterti (Günther 1901) in honor of German ornithologist Ernst Hartert (1859–1933), who collected holotype

Carasobarbus kosswigi (Ladiges 1960) in honor of Turkish zoologist and geneticist Curt Kosswig (1903–1982), who collected holotype in 1939 and informed Ladiges of its uniqueness

Carasobarbus luteus (Heckel 1843) Latin for yellow, referring to its main coloration of “soft yellow” (translation)

Carasobarbus moulouyensis (Pellegrin 1924) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Moulouya basin, Morocco, type locality

Carasobarbus sublimus (Coad & Najafpour 1997) Latin for exalted, named for its type locality, A’la River, Khuzestan Province, southern Iran (A’la = most high or exalted)

Hypselobarbus Bleeker 1860 hypsēlós (Gr. ὑψηλός), high or tall, i.e., a “tall” Barbus or barbel (Barbinae), referring to steep, angled back of H. mussullah

Hypselobarbus basavarajai Arunachalam, Chinnaraja & Mayden 2016 in honor of fisheries scientist N. Basavaraja, who criticized the identity of H. pulchellus as proposed in earlier studies, which led to the idea of searching collections of fishes from the Karnataka type locality, which then resulted in the discovery of this species

Hypselobarbus bicolor Knight, Rai, D’Souza, Philip & Dahanukar 2016 bi-, from bis (L.), twice, i.e., two-colored, referring to its predominantly black and silver coloration

Hypselobarbus canarensis (Jerdon 1849) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Canara, southern India, original type locality (redescribed in 2013 with neotype locality, Daksshin Kanada, India)

Hypselobarbus curmuca (Hamilton 1807) derived from Karmuka, presumably local vernacular (Telugu?) for this species [spelled carmuca in text and curmuca on plate]

Hypselobarbus dobsoni (Day 1876) in honor of army surgeon Andrew Francis Dobson (1848–1921), Madras Medical Service, who provided Day with ~170 fishes from Deccan, India

Hypselobarbus dubius (Day 1867) Latin for uncertain, referring to its similarity to Puntius (Barbodes) gracilis (=H. micropogon), which Day conjectured were sexually dimorphic conspecifics

Hypselobarbus gracilis (Jerdon 1849) Latin for thin or slender, allusion not explained and a curious name for a deep-bodied species, perhaps referring to shorter body depth compared with presumed congeners mentioned in same publication

Hypselobarbus jerdoni (Day 1870) patronym not identified but clearly in honor of British physician-naturalist Thomas Caverhill Jerdon (1811–1872), who described many fishes from India, including H. gracilis

Hypselobarbus kolus (Sykes 1839) Latinization of kolis and/or Kolashi, Marathi vernacular for this species in India, which, as Sykes explained in 1841, he adopted “so that naturalists who travel the country can always obtain” the species

Hypselobarbus kurali Menon & Rema Devi 1995 derived from Kural, local name for this fish in Kerala, South India

Hypselobarbus kushavali Arunachalam, Chinnaraja, Sivakumar & Mayden 2016 named for the village Kushavali (Western Ghats, peninsular India), where the Kali River (only known location) originates

Hypselobarbus lithopidos (Day 1874) líthos (Gr. λῐ́θος), stone; eī́dos (Gr. εἶδος), form or shape, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to its “slaty” coloration

Hypselobarbus maciveri (Annandale 1919) in honor of “Mr. McIver,” probably Charles Donald McIver (1881–1946), who collected specimens for the Indian Museum, including holotype of this species (note Latinization of “Mc” to “Mac”)

Hypselobarbus menoni Arunachalam, Chinnaraja, Chandran & Mayden 2014 in honor of the “eminent” Indian ichthyologist Ambat Gopalan Kutty Menon (1921–2002), who helped collect holotype in 1990 and resurrected the genus Hypselobarbus in 1995

Hypselobarbus micropogon (Valenciennes 1842) micro-, from mikrós (Gr. μικρός), small; pṓgōn (Gr. πώγων), beard, “remarkable for the smallness of its four barbels” (translation)

Hypselobarbus mussullah (Sykes 1839) Marathi vernacular for this species in India, which, as Sykes explained in 1841, he adopted “so that naturalists who travel the country can always obtain” the species

Hypselobarbus nasutus Arunachalam, Chinnaraja & Mayden 2016 Latin for long-nosed, referring to its long snout

Hypselobarbus nilgiriensis Arunachalam, Chinnaraja & Mayden 2016 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (Tamil Nadu, India), which encompasses the only two rivers (Bhavani and Noolpuzha) where it is known to occur

Hypselobarbus nitidus Plamoottil & Vineeth 2022 Latin for shining, neat or elegant (or beautiful per the authors), referring to its “magnificent appearance”

Hypselobarbus periyarensis (Raj 1941) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Periyar Lake, Travancore, India, only known area of occurrence

Hypselobarbus procerus Plamoottil 2021 Latin for high or tall, referring to its “exceptionally” deeper body compared with congeners

Hypselobarbus pulchellus (Day 1870) diminutive of pulcher (L.), beautiful, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to silver- or bronze-colored band running across length of body two scales high (clearly perceivable in the dry skin mount from which Day described this species)

Hypselobarbus tamiraparaniei Arunachalam, Chinnaraja, Chandran & Mayden 2014 of the Tamiraparani River, south Tamil Nadu, India, type locality

Hypselobarbus thomassi (Day 1874) in honor of angler Henry Sullivan Thomas (1833–?), Madras Civil Service, who brought the fish to Day’s notice (Day’s spelling of “thomassi” with an extra “s” appears to be intentional since he spelled it that way for two other fishes, Osteochilichthys thomassi and Parambassis thomassi)

Hypselobarbus vaigaiensis Arunachalam, Chinnaraja, Chandran & Mayden 2014 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Mulavaigai (origin of Vaigai), inside Periyar Tiger Reserve, Kerala, India, type locality

Labeobarbus Rüppell 1835 labeo, one with large lips, i.e., Barbus (historically a catch-all genus, now in Barbinae, for many African cyprinids) with “unusually thick fleshly lips” (translation), referring specifically to L. nedgia [not to be confused with Labiobarbus van Hasselt 1823 in Labeoninae]

Labeobarbus acuticeps (Matthes 1959) acutus (L.), sharp or pointed; –ceps (Neo-Latin), headed, referring to its very pointed (“très pointu”) snout

Labeobarbus acutirostris (Bini 1940) acutus (L.), sharp or pointed; rostris, Neo-Latin scientific adjective of rostrum (L.), snout, referring to its more acute (e.g., narrow) head compared with Barbus brunellii (=L. intermedius)

Labeobarbus aeneus (Burchell 1822) Latin for brazen, referring to its body color, “Totus aenei coloris”

Labeobarbus altianalis (Boulenger 1900) altus (L.), high; analis (L.), anal, referring to long anal-fin ray, 5/6 length of head, “nearly reaching caudal when folded”

Labeobarbus altipinnis (Banister & Poll 1973) altus (L.), high; pinnis, Neo-Latin adjective of pinna (L.), fin, referring to its high dorsal fin

Labeobarbus ansorgii (Boulenger 1906) in honor of English explorer and collector William John Ansorge (1850–1913), who collected holotype

Labeobarbus aspius (Boulenger 1912) similar in appearance to the European leuciscin Aspius rapax (=Leuciscus aspius)

Labeobarbus axelrodi (Getahun, Stiassny & Teugels 2004) in honor of pet-book publisher Herbert R. Axelrod (1927–2017), for his “continuing generous support for ichthyological research and exploration”

Labeobarbus batesii (Boulenger 1903) in honor of American farmer and amateur ornithologist George Latimer Bates (1863–1940), who collected specimens for the Natural History Museum (London) in Cameroon, including holotype of this species

Labeobarbus beso (Rüppell 1835) local name for this species in the fish markets of Goraza, Lake Tana, Ethiopia

Labeobarbus boulengeri Vreven, Musschoot, Snoeks & Schliewen 2016 in honor of Belgian-born British ichthyologist-herpetologist George A. Boulenger (1858–1937), British Museum (Natural History), for his “extensive work” on large Barbus and Varicorhinus (both now Labeobarbus) from Angola [replacement name for Varicorhinus latirostris Boulenger 1910, preoccupied by Barbus intermedius latirostris Keilhack 1908 when both are placed in Labeobarbus]

Labeobarbus brauni (Pellegrin 1935) in honor of Braun (forename not given), who collected holotype with explorer Guy Babault, probably André Braun de Ter Meeren (1907–?), local district administrator of Belgian authorities in the Congo and natural history collector for whom a beetle was named, Promegalonychus brauneanus (Burgeon 1933)

Labeobarbus brevicephalus (Nagelkerke & Sibbing 1997) short-headed, from brevis (L.), shor, and kephalḗ (Gr. κεφαλή), head, more than 4.2 times in standard length

Labeobarbus brevispinis (Holly 1927) brevis (L.), short; spinis, from spina (L.), thorn, referring to shorter dorsal fin spine compared with Barbus ruspolii (=L. bynni), which Holly believed were conspecific but divided into two subspecific forms

Labeobarbus bynni (Fabricius 1775) Arabic vernacular for this species [authorship often given as (Forsskål 1775)]

Labeobarbus bynni occidentalis (Boulenger 1911) Latin for western, presumably referring to type locality near Lagos, Nigeria, on the west coast of Africa

Labeobarbus bynni waldroni (Norman 1935) in honor of Fanny Waldron, a collector for the British Museum, who collected holotype [preferably spelled waldronae since name honors a woman, but ICZN 32.5.1 forbids such a correction]

Labeobarbus cardozoi (Boulenger 1912) in honor of José Cardoso (also spelled Cardozo), Governor-General of Angola, for the “help he kindly lent” (translation) explorer William John Ansorge (1850–1913), who collected holotype (possibly the same man as António José Cardoso de Barros, who was Secretary General of Angola at the time)

Labeobarbus caudovittatus (Boulenger 1902) caudo-, from cauda (L.), tail; vittatus (L.), banded, referring to black band along upper and lower lobes of caudal fin

Labeobarbus clarkeae (Banister 1984) in honor of Margaret Anne Clarke, fish collection assistant, British Museum (Natural History), who “gave so much assistance during the course” of Banister’s work on the genus

Labeobarbus claudinae (De Vos & Thys van den Audenaerde 1990) in honor of the late Claudine Mauel, resident of Gisenyi, Rwanda (near type locality), who died in a road accident in December 1985

Labeobarbus codringtonii (Boulenger 1908) in honor of Thomas Codrington (1829–1918), engineer and antiquarian, who, while visiting his son, Robert Codrington (1869–1908), Colonial Administrator of N.W. Rhodesia (now Zambia), “availed himself of the exceptional facilities afforded him to make a very valuable collection of the fishes, which he has presented to the British Museum,” including holotype of this one

Labeobarbus compiniei (Sauvage 1879) patronym not identified but probably in honor of Louis Alphonse Henri Victor du Pont, Marquis de Compiègne (1846–1877), who, with his friend Antoine-Alfred Marche, explored the Ogooue River in Gabon (type locality) from 1872 to 1874

Labeobarbus crassibarbis (Nagelkerke & Sibbing 1997) crassus (L.), thick or fat; barbus (L.), beard, referring to its “very thick” barbels

Labeobarbus dainellii (Bini 1940) in honor of Italian geographer and geologist Giotto Dainelli (1878–1968), who led expedition during which holotype was holotype

Labeobarbus dartevellei (Poll 1945) in honor of Belgian paleontologist, geologist and explorer Edmond Dartevelle (1907–1956), who collected holotype

Labeobarbus dimidiatus (Tweddle & Skelton 1998) Latin for halved or divided, referring to the sharp contrast between its dorsal (golden olive) and ventral (golden yellow) coloration

Labeobarbus ensifer (Boulenger 1910) ensis (L.), sword; –ifer, from fero (L.), to have or bear, probably referring to the “very strong, bony, not serrated, straight” last simple ray of its dorsal fin

Labeobarbus ensis (Boulenger 1910) Latin for sword, presumably referring to the “extremely strong, bony, not serrated” last simple ray of its dorsal fin

Labeobarbus ethiopicus (Zolezzi 1939) –icus (L.), belonging to: Ethiopia, where it is endemic

Labeobarbus fasolt (Pappenheim 1914) named after Fasolt, a giant in Wagner’s “The Ring of the Nibelung,” referring to large size (50 cm SL) of holotype

Labeobarbus fimbriatus (Holly 1926) Latin for fringed, allusion not explained nor evident

Labeobarbus gananensis (Vinciguerra 1895) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Ganana River, Somalia, co-type locality

Labeobarbus gestetneri (Banister & Bailey 1979) in honor of the boat David Gestetner, used by the team to during their Zäire River expedition

Labeobarbus girardi (Boulenger 1910) in honor of French-Portuguese zoologist Albert Girard (1860–1914), director of the Lisbon Museum

Labeobarbus gorgorensis (Bini 1940) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Gorgora, north shore of Lake Tana, Ethiopia, type locality

Labeobarbus gorguari (Rüppell 1835) local name for this species at Lake Tana, Ethiopia

Labeobarbus gruveli (Pellegrin 1911) in honor of French biologist Jean Abel Gruvel (1870–1941), who collected holotype

Labeobarbus gulielmi (Boulenger 1910) in honor of English explorer and collector William John Ansorge (1850–1913), who collected holotype (Gulielm is the Welsh precursor to William); Boulenger may have selected gulielmi since he had already described a Barbus (original genus) as B. (now Enteromius, Smiliogastrinae) ansorgii in 1904

Labeobarbus habereri (Steindachner 1912) in honor of German physician and natural history collector Karl Albert Haberer (1864–1941), who collected holotype

Labeobarbus huloti (Banister 1976) in honor of M. (Monsieur) Hulot, who collected holotype, possibly agronomist-hydrobiologist André Hulot, Institut National pour l’Etude Agronomique du Congo, who collected Brachypetersius huloti (Characiformes: Alestidae) in the Congo River basin in 1946

Labeobarbus humphri (Banister 1976) in honor of English ichthyologist Peter Humphry Greenwood (1927–1995), Curator of the Fish Section of the British Museum, for his services to African ichthyology

Labeobarbus intermedius (Rüppell 1835) Latin for intermediate, being more elongate than L. surkis but less elongate than Barbus affinis (now a synonym of L. intermedius)

Labeobarbus iphthimostoma (Banister & Poll 1973) íphthīmos (Gr. ἴφθῑμος), stout; stóma (Gr. στόμα), mouth, referring to its very large mouth

Labeobarbus iturii (Holly 1929) of the Ituri River, Zaire (now Democratic Republic of Congo), type locality

Labeobarbus jaegeri (Holly 1930) patronym not identified, possibly in honor of Gustav Jäger (1832–1917), German biologist, comparative anatomist, and friend of the superintendent of the Natural History Museum in Vienna (Christian Gottlieb Ferdinand Ritter Von Hochstetter), where Holly worked

Labeobarbus johnstonii (Boulenger 1907) in honor of Harry Johnston (1858–1927), British explorer, botanist, linguist and colonial administrator, who “presented” holotype to the British Museum (Natural History)

Labeobarbus jubae (Banister 1984) of Juba River, Ethiopia, where it is endemic

Labeobarbus jubbi (Poll 1967) in honor of South African ichthyologist Reginald A. “Rex” Jubb (1905–1987), Freshwater Fish Section, Albany Museum, Grahamstown, South Africa

Labeobarbus kimberleyensis (Gilchrist & Thompson 1913) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Kimberley Reservoir, Cape Province, South Africa, type locality

Labeobarbus lagensis (Günther 1868) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Lagos, Nigeria, type locality (an apparent misspelling of lagoensis)

Labeobarbus latirostris (Keilhack 1908) latus (L.), wide; rostris, Neo-Latin scientific adjective of rostrum (L.), snout, proposed as a subspecies of Barbus (now L.) intermedius, referring to its larger interorbital width compared with another subspecies, B. i. eurystomus (now L. johnstonii)

Labeobarbus leleupanus (Matthes 1959) –anus (L.), belonging to: entomologist Narcisse Leleup (1912–2001), Institut pour la Recherche Scientifique en Afrique Centrale, who collected holotype

Labeobarbus lobogenysoides (Pellegrin 1935) –oides, Neo-Latin from eī́dos (Gr. εἶδος), form or shape: Barbus lobogenys (=L. altianalis), both of which have “exaggerated” (translation) lips and barbels [also known as L. paucisquamata (Pellegrin 1935), preoccupied by Barbus mohasicus paucisquamata Pellegrin 1933]

Labeobarbus longidorsalis (Pellegrin 1935) longus (L.), long; dorsalis (Neo-Latin), dorsal, referring to its longer dorsal fin compared with V. tornieri

Labeobarbus longifilis (Pellegrin 1935) longus (L.), long; filum (L.), thread, referring to its “extremely elongated” (translation) barbels, longer than those on L. altianalis

Labeobarbus longissimus (Nagelkerke & Sibbing 1997) Latin for very long, referring to its elongate and slender body

Labeobarbus lucius (Boulenger 1910) Latin for pike (Esocidae), presumably referring to its elongate, pike-like shape

Labeobarbus lufupensis (Banister & Bailey 1979) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Lufupa River, Shaba, Democratic Republic of the Congo, where holotype was purchased from fishermen

Labeobarbus macroceps (Fowler 1936) macro-, from makrós (Gr. μακρός), long; –ceps (Neo-Latin), headed, referring to its long head, 2⅞ times in body length

Labeobarbus macrolepidotus (Pellegrin 1928) macro-, from makrós (Gr. μακρός), long; lepidōtós (Gr. λεπιδωτός), scaly, referring to larger scales compared with L. semireticulatus

Labeobarbus macrolepis (Pfeffer 1889) macro-, from makrós (Gr. μακρός), long; lepίs (Gr. λεπίς), scale, referring to its “extremely large” (translation) scales

Labeobarbus macrophtalmus (Bini 1940) big-eyed, from makrós (Gr. μακρός), long, and ophthalmós (Gr. ὀφθαλμός), eye, referring to its larger eyes compared with L. gorguari

Labeobarbus malacanthus (Pappenheim 1911) soft-spined, frommalakós (Gr. μαλακός), soft, and ákantha (Gr. ἄκανθα), spine, probably referring to flexible, unserrated last simple fin ray, which is ossified only at base

Labeobarbus marequensis (Smith 1841) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: presumably a variant or latinized spelling of Marico, referring to Marico River, South Africa, which Smith visited and where this species occurs

Labeobarbus mariae (Holly 1926) matronym not identified, possibly in honor of Holly’s wife Maria [see also L. matris]

Labeobarbus matris (Holly 1928) genitive of mater (L.), mother, allusion not explained, but note that Holly named three African fishes mariae, including L. mariae (see above) and Barbus mariae (=L. rhinoceros), presumably in honor of his wife Maria, and an Asian catfish genus (Sperata, Bagridae) in honor of his mother-in-law, Maria Adolfine Spera)

Labeobarbus mawambiensis (Steindachner 1911) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Mawambi, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Labeobarbus mbami (Holly 1927) named for Mbami River, Cameroon, type locality

Labeobarbus megastoma (Nagelkerke & Sibbing 1997) mégas (Gr. μέγας), great; stóma (Gr. στόμα), mouth, referring to its “very large” mouth

Labeobarbus micronema (Boulenger 1904) micro-, from mikrós (Gr. μικρός), small; nḗma (Gr. νῆμα), thread, referring to its “quite minute” barbels

Labeobarbus mirabilis (Pappenheim 1914) Latin for wonderful or strange, allusion not explained nor evident

Labeobarbus mungoensis (Trewavas 1974) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: the Mungo River system, Cameroon, type locality

Labeobarbus nanningsi de Beaufort 1933 patronym not identified beyond M. (Monsieur) and/or Mme. (Madam) Nannings (forenames not given), who together collected the holotype, possibly Petrus Albertus Nannings (1883–1960), who collected for malacologists in the same area of Angola in 1927 [since de Beaufort did not explicitly state for whom it was named, correction of spelling to “nanningsorum” (which would honor both husband and wife) is not recommended]

Labeobarbus natalensis (Castelnau 1861) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Natal, South Africa, type locality

Labeobarbus nedgia Rüppell 1835 local name for this species at Lake Tana, Ethiopia

Labeobarbus nelspruitensis (Gilchrist & Thompson 1911) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Nelspruit, Transvaal (now Gauteng), South Africa, type locality

Labeobarbus nthuwa Tweddle & Skelton 2008 vernacular name for this species near the town of Rumphi, Malawi, where it occurs (pronounced ntoowa)

Labeobarbus nzadimalawu Vreven, Musschoot, Decru, Wamuini Lunkayilakio, Obiero, Cerwenka & Schliewen 2018 Nzadi malawu, “the river that brings good luck” in Kikongo (Kintandu/Kindibu dialects), local pre-Christian missionary name for the Inkisi River, Democratic Republic of the Congo, where this species appears to be endemic

Labeobarbus nzadinkisi Vreven, Musschoot, Decru, Wamuini Lunkayilakio, Obiero, Cerwenka & Schliewen 2018 Nzadi i nkisi, i.e., the river of the nkisi in Kikongo (Kintandu/Kindibu dialects), mi-nkisi being fetish objects (said to contain the oldest ancestor spirit) that missionaries threw into the river in their effort to convert local populations to Christianity, origin of the name of the Inkisi River basin (Democratic Republic of the Congo) where this species appears to be endemic; in addition, by alluding to nkisi-objects, the name indirectly refers to the enigmatic hybridization complex (L. nzadimalawu × L. nzadinkisi) of which this species is a part

Labeobarbus osseensis (Nagelkerke & Sibbing 2000) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place but used here for a patronym, in honor of Dutch zoologist Jan W. M. Osse (b. 1935), who helped initiate the authors’ research on Labeobarbus from Lake Tana (Ethiopia), for his “knowledge on many aspects of biology, his stimulating criticism of the work, and his original ideas about approaching practical and scientific challenges in the field”

Labeobarbus oxyrhynchus (Pfeffer 1889) sharp-snouted, from oxýs (Gr. ὀξύς), sharp, or pointed, and rhýnchos (Gr. ῥύγχος), snout, referring to its “strongly convex” (translation) snout

Labeobarbus pagenstecheri (Fischer 1884) in honor of German entomologist Arnold Andreas Friedrich Pagenstecher (1837–1913), director of the Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg

Labeobarbus parawaldroni (Lévêque, Thys van den Audenaerde & Traoré 1987) pará (Gr. παρά), near, referring to similar appearance to L. bynni waldroni

Labeobarbus pellegrini (Bertin & Estève 1948) in honor of French zoologist Jacques Pellegrin (1873–1944), who described this species in 1932 as Varicorhinus babaulti, considered preoccupied by Barbus (Capoeta) babaulti Pellegrin 1926 (=Labeobarbus oxyrhynchus)

Labeobarbus petitjeani (Daget 1962) in honor of M. (Monsieur) Petitjean (forename not given), for his role in facilitating Daget’s missions in Guinea and/or help collecting fishes

Labeobarbus platydorsus (Nagelkerke & Sibbing 1997) platýs (Gr. πλατύς), wide or broad; dorsum (L.), back (but inexplicably spelled with an “s”), referring to its wide back

Labeobarbus platyrhinus (Boulenger 1900) platýs (Gr. πλατύς), wide or broad; rhinus, from rhinós (Gr. ῥινός), genitive of rhís (ῥίς), snout, referring to its “broad and rounded” snout

Labeobarbus platystomus (Pappenheim 1914) wide-mouthed, from platýs (Gr. πλατύς), wide or broad, and stóma (Gr. στόμα), mouth, referring to its “enormously wide” (translation) mouth

Labeobarbus pojeri (Poll 1944) in honor of Dr. G. Pojer (a Belgian scientist, no other information available), who collected holotype

Labeobarbus polylepis (Boulenger 1907) polý (Gr. πολύ), many; lepίs (Gr. λεπίς), scale, referring to small (and therefore more numerous) scales, 43 along lateral line

Labeobarbus progenys (Boulenger 1903) pro– (L.), forward or in front of; génys (Gr. γένυς), jaw, referring to lower jaw projecting beyond the upper

Labeobarbus pungweensis (Jubb 1959) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Pungwe River, Inyangea District, Zimbabwe, type locality

Labeobarbus rhinoceros (Copley 1938) called the “Rhino Fish,” referring to the “pronounced horn” on its snout, which, according to Copley (1941), “rises when the mouth is protracted” [previously known as Barbus mariae Holly 1929 but preoccupied by Varicorhinus mariae Holly 1926 when both are placed in Labeobarbus]

Labeobarbus rhinophorus (Boulenger 1910) rhinós (Gr. ῥινός), genitive of rhís (ῥίς), snout; phorus, from phoreús (Gr. φορεύς), bearer or carrier, referring to pointed snout, “terminating in a rounded dermal pad projecting strongly beyond the mouth”

Labeobarbus robertsi (Banister 1984) in honor of American ichthyologist Tyson R. Roberts (b. 1940)

Labeobarbus rocadasi (Boulenger 1910) in honor of Lieut.-Col. Jose Augusto Roçadas (1865–1926), Governor-General of Angola, for the “kind assistance” he offered explorer William John Ansorge (1850–1913), who collected holotype

Labeobarbus rosae (Boulenger 1910) in honor of the Anastacio Luis Rosa, Portuguese parish priest in Angola, for “helpful courtesy during a seven years’ friendship” with explorer William John Ansorge (1850–1913), who collected holotype [although named after a man, “ae” is, per Latin grammar, an acceptable way to form a genitive from nouns that end in “a”]

Labeobarbus roylii (Boulenger 1912) in honor of Harry Royle, an agent with the Liverpool firm Hutton and Cookson, whose “warm welcome” (translation) and other services (not specified) greatly assisted explorer William John Ansorge (1850–1913), who collected holotype

Labeobarbus ruandae (Pappenheim 1914) of Rwanda, where it is endemic

Labeobarbus ruasae (Pappenheim 1914) of Ruasa, referring to type locality in northwest Rwanda

Labeobarbus ruwenzorii (Pellegrin 1909) of Ruvenzori (now Rwenzori) Mountains, east-central Africa, where it inhabits fast, turbulent waters

Labeobarbus sacratus (Daget 1963) Latin for holy or consecrated, allusion not explained but here is a fanciful guess: species occurs in the Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve, “strict” meaning that no tourism is allowed, and hence serves as a “holy land” for, or is “consecrated” to the conservation of, its flora and fauna

Labeobarbus sandersi Boulenger 1912 in honor of M.C. Sanders, who assisted explorer William John Ansorge (1850–1913) in the Congo expedition that collected many fishes, including holotype of this one

Labeobarbus seeberi (Gilchrist & Thompson 1913) in honor of angler C. R. Seeber, Chief Constable at Clanwilliam, Western Cape, South Africa, who sent fishes to Gilchrist, including holotype of this one

Labeobarbus semireticulatus (Pellegrin 1924) semi-, from semis (L.), half; reticulatus (L.), net-like, referring to scales on back being darker at the base, giving upper half a reticulated appearance

Labeobarbus somereni (Boulenger 1911) in honor of Australian-born dentist-entomologist Victor Gurney Logan Van Someren (1886–1976), who “obtained” holotype in a “snow-water” stream at 6000 feet on Mt. Ruwenzori, Uganda

Labeobarbus stappersii (Boulenger 1915) in honor of Belgian physician-biologist Louis Stappers (1883–1916), head of the Belgian colony in the Congo, who led an expedition to Lakes Tanganyika and Moero in 1911-1913 and collected holotype

Labeobarbus steindachneri (Boulenger 1910) in honor of Austrian ichthyologist Franz Steindachner (1834–1919), this species being “very closely allied” to one described by him as L. tornieri

Labeobarbus stenostoma (Boulenger 1910) sténos (Gr. στένος), narrow; stóma (Gr. στόμα), mouth, referring to its narrow mouth, its width 2/7 length of head

Labeobarbus surkis (Rüppell 1835) name for this species among the native fishermen of Lake Tana, Ethiopia, type locality

Labeobarbus tornieri (Steindachner 1906) in honor of German zoologist and paleontologist Gustav Tornier (1858–1938)

Labeobarbus trachypterus (Boulenger 1915) rough-finned, from trachýs (Gr. τραχύς), rough, and pterón (Gr. πτερόν) or ptéryx (πτέρυξ), fin, presumably referring to breeding tubercles on the 2nd, 3rd and 4th branched rays of its anal fin

Labeobarbus tropidolepis (Boulenger 1900) tropidos (L.), keel; lepίs (Gr. λεπίς), scale, referring to median swelling or obtuse keel on scales (at least those below lateral line on caudal portion of body) of most specimens, which form very regular longitudinal lines

Labeobarbus truttiformis (Nagelkerke & Sibbing 1997) trutta (Medieval Latin), trout; formis, Neo-Latin scientific adjective of forma (L.), shape or form, referring to trout-like appearance

Labeobarbus tsanensis (Nagelkerke & Sibbing 1997) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Tsana, or Lake Tana, Ethiopia, where it is abundant (and endemic)

Labeobarbus upembensis (Banister & Bailey 1979) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Upemba National Park, Democratic Republic of the Congo, type locality

Labeobarbus urotaenia (Boulenger 1913) uro, from ourá (Gr. οὐρά), tail; taenia, from tainía (Gr. ταινία), band or ribbon, referring to a poorly defined lateral brown band that extends onto lower lobe of caudal fin

Labeobarbus varicostoma (Boulenger 1910) varicose (L.), swollen; stóma (Gr. στόμα), mouth, probably referring to thick upper lip covered with round papillae

Labeobarbus versluysii (Holly 1929) patronym not identified but probably in honor of Dutch zoologist-anatomist Jan Versluys (1873–1939), University of Vienna

Labeobarbus werneri (Holly 1929) patronym not identified but probably in honor of Austrian herpetologist-entomologist Franz Josef Maria Werner (1867–1939), who donated fishes to the Natural History Museum of Vienna, where Holly worked; he also supervised Holly’s dissertation

Labeobarbus wittei (Banister & Poll 1973) in honor of Belgian herpetologist Gaston François De Witte (1897–1980), who collected holotype

Labeobarbus wurtzi (Pellegrin 1908) in honor of “M. le Docteur Wurtz,” possibly bacteriologist Robert Wurtz (1858–1919), who collected holotype while traveling in French Guinea; Pellegrin was impressed by how Wurtz recorded life colors of his specimens before placing them in alcohol

Labeobarbus xyrocheilus (Tweddle & Skelton 1998) xyrón (Gr. ξυρόν), razor; cheī́los (Gr. χεῖλος), lip, referring to sharp scraping edge on its lower lip

Lepidopygopsis Raj 1941 lepídos (Gr. λεπίδος), genitive of lepίs (λεπίς), scale; pygopsis, presumably referring to Schizopygopsis (Schizopygopsinae), to which it “bears some resemblance” but is “readily distinguished” by the presence of scales on caudal portion of body

Lepidopygopsis typus Raj 1941 serving as type of the genus

Mesopotamichthys Karaman 1971 referring to distribution of M. sharpeyi in Mesopotamia (i.e., Tigris River system and modern-day Iraq); ichthýs (Gr. ἰχθύς), fish

Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi (Günther 1874) in honor of British anatomist and physiologist William Sharpey (1802–1880), who presented holotype, collected by his nephew in Baghdad, to the British Museum (Natural History)

Naziritor Mirza & Javed 1985 in honor of Nazir Ahmad (1910–1985), Director of Fisheries, East Pakistan (1955–1960) and West Pakistan (1960–1969), proposed as a subgenus of Tor

Naziritor chelynoides (McClelland 1839) –oides, Neo-Latin from eī́dos (Gr. εἶδος), form or shape (although this suffix appears to be used incorrectly): chelýnē (Gr. χελύνη) lip, presumably referring to its “round, smooth, and thick” lips

Naziritor zhobensis (Mirza 1967) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Zhob River basin, Pakistan, type locality

Neolissochilus Rainboth 1985 néos (Gr. νέος), new, being a new genus of Lissochilus Weber & de Beaufort 1916 (a junior homonym of Lissochilus Zittel 1882 in fossil gastropods)

Neolissochilus acutirostris Arunachalam, Sivakumar & Murugan 2017 acutus (L.), sharp or pointed; rostris, Neo-Latin scientific adjective of rostrum (L.), snout, referring to its “sharp pointed” snout

Neolissochilus baoshanensis (Chen & Yang 1999) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Baoshan, Yunnan Province, China, type locality

Neolissochilus benasi (Pellegrin & Chevey 1936) in honor of M. (Monsieur) Bénas, deputy inspector, Eaux et Forêts (Waters and Forests), Hanoi (type locality in Vietnam)

Neolissochilus blanci (Pellegrin & Fang 1940) in honor of hunter-naturalist François Edmund Blanc (1908–1996), part of the three-man French-American expedition during which holotype was collected

Neolissochilus blythii (Day 1870) patronym not identified but clearly in honor of English zoologist Edward Blyth (1810–1873), curator, Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal, who described many Indian cyprinids

Neolissochilus capudelphinus Arunachalam, Sivakumar & Murugan 2017 caput (L., head; delphinus (L.), dolphin, referring to its “dolphin headed appearance”

Neolissochilus compressus (Day 1870) Latin for squeezed or pressed together, referring to its “much compressed” head

Neolissochilus dukai (Day 1878) in honor of Theodore Duka (1825–1908), Hungarian lawyer and physician and Bengal Army medical officer, who sent specimens of this species to Day

Neolissochilus hemispinus (Chen & Chu 1985) hemi-, from hḗmisys (Gr. ἥμισυς), half; spinus (L.), thorn, easily distinguished from congeners by its smooth last simple dorsal-fin ray, which is soft and articulated at distal half

Neolissochilus hendersoni (Herre 1940) in honor of Scottish botanist Murray Ross Henderson (1899–1982), director, Penang Botanical Garden, through whose hospitality and cooperation Herre was able to collect freshwater fishes on the “beautiful isle” of Penang, Malaysia

Neolissochilus heterostomus (Chen & Yang 1999) different-mouthed, from héteros (Gr. ἕτερος), different, and stóma (Gr. στόμα), mouth, referring to different mouth morphology between sexes

Neolissochilus hexagonolepis (McClelland 1839) hexagon, a six-sided polygon; lepίs (Gr. λεπίς), scale, referring to the hexagonal shape of the exposed surface of its scales

Neolissochilus hexastichus (McClelland 1839) héx (Gr. ἕξ), six; stichus, from stíchos (Gr. στίχος), line or row, referring to six rows of scales along sides

Neolissochilus kaladanensis Lalramliana, Lalronunga, Kumar & Singh 2019 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Kaladan River near Kawlchaw Village, Mizoram, India, type locality

Neolissochilus longipinnis (Weber & de Beaufort 1916) longus (L.), long; pinnis, Neo-Latin adjective of pinna (L.), fin, referring to anal fin, which is “much higher than the dorsal and reaches the caudal,” and/or pectoral fins, which are “conspicuously longer than the height of dorsal”

Neolissochilus micropthalmus Arunachalam, Sivakumar & Murugan 2017 small-eyed, from mikrós (Gr. μικρός), small, and ophthalmós (Gr. ὀφθαλμός), eye, referring to its small eyes, 17.21–29.00% of head length

Neolissochilus minimus Arunachalam, Sivakumar & Murugan 2017 Latin for least, referring to its smaller size among congeners of the Western Ghat mountain ranges of peninsular India

Neolissochilus nigrovittatus (Boulenger 1893) nigro-, from niger (L.), dark or black; vittatus (L.), banded, referring to blackish stripe above lateral line

Neolissochilus paucisquamatus (Smith 1945) paucus (L.), few or scanty; squamatus (L.), scaled, “easily recognizable by the possession of only 22 tubule-bearing scales in the lateral line and only 6.5 scales in transverse series to the base of the ventral fin”

Neolissochilus pnar Dahanukar, Sundar, Rangad, Proudlove & Raghavan 2023 named for Pnar, a sub-tribal group of the Khasi people in the state of Meghalaya, India, where this species occurs

Neolissochilus qiaojiensis (Wu 1977) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Qiaojie, Yunnan Province, China, type locality

Neolissochilus soro (Valenciennes 1842) local name for this species in Java, Indonesia

Neolissochilus soroides (Duncker 1904) –oides, Neo-Latin from eī́dos (Gr. εἶδος), form or shape: referring to same general appearance (“Habitus”) as N. soro

Neolissochilus spinulosus (McClelland 1845) Neo-Latin for having little thorns or spines, presumably referring third spiny ray of dorsal fin, which is “more slender than usual in this genus [Barbus]”

Neolissochilus stevensonii (Day 1870) in honor of Col. Stevenson (forename not given), who collected fishes for Day in Myanmar, including holotype of this one

Neolissochilus stracheyi (Day 1871) in honor of Gen. Richard Strachey (1817–1908), British soldier and colonial administrator, for assistance in enabling Day “to prosecute [his] enquiries into the fish and fisheries of India”

Neolissochilus subterraneus Vidthayanon & Kottelat 2003 Latin for underground, referring to its habitat, Tham Phra Wang Daeng cave, Phitsanulok Province, Thailand

Neolissochilus sumatranus (Weber & de Beaufort 1916) –anus (L.), belonging to: Sumatra, Indonesia, where it is endemic

Neolissochilus tamiraparaniensis Arunachalam, Sivakumar & Murugan 2017 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Tamiraparani River basin, southern Tamil Nadu, India, where it is endemic

Neolissochilus thienemanni (Ahl 1933) in honor of German limnologist and zoologist August Thienemann (1882–1960), who collected holotype

Neolissochilus vittatus (Smith 1945) Latin for banded, referring to black band from head to base of caudal fin

Neolissochilus wynaadensis (Day 1873) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Wynaad, Kerala, India, type locality

Osteochilichthys Hora 1942 ichthýs (Gr. ἰχθύς), fish, proposed as a subgenus of Osteochilus

Osteochilichthys augraoides (Jerdon 1849) –oides, Neo-Latin from eī́dos (Gr. εἶδος), form or shape: referring to how its “mode of colouration reminds one” of Gobio (now Labeo) angra (which Jerdon misspelled as augra) [sometimes placed in Labeo, Labeoninae]

Osteochilichthys elegans Plamoottil 2022 Latin for elegant, referring to its “graceful form and colour” Osteochilichthys formosus

Osteochilichthys formosus Plamoottil 2022 Latin for beautiful, referring to its “graceful form and colour”

Osteochilichthys longidorsalis Pethiyagoda & Kottelat 1994 longus (L.), long; dorsalis (Neo-Latin), dorsal, referring to its “remarkably long” dorsal fin

Osteochilichthys nashii (Day 1869) in honor of “Dr. Nash,” probably John Pearson Nash (1828–1885), Surgeon, H.M. Madras Army, who collected holotype [O. augraoides may be a senior synonym]

Osteochilichthys thomassi (Day 1877) in honor of angler Henry Sullivan Thomas (1833–?), Madras Civil Service, who provided two specimens to Day (Day’s spelling of “thomassi” with an extra “s” appears to be intentional since he spelled it that way for two other fishes, Hypselobarbus thomassi [see above] and Parambassis thomassi [Ambassidae])

Pterocapoeta Günther 1902 ptero, from pterón (Gr. πτερόν), fin, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to a Capoeta-like cyprinid (Barbinae) without an ossified dorsal-fin ray but with more than nine branched rays

Pterocapoeta maroccana Günther 1902 –anus (L.), belonging to: Morocco (also spelled Marocca), where it is endemic

Sanagia Holly 1926 –ia (L. suffix), belonging to: Sanaga River in Cameroon, where S. velifera is endemic

Sanagia velifera Holly 1926 velum (L.), sail; fera, from fero (L.), to have or bear, referring to its large, sail-like dorsal fin

Tor Gray 1834 referring to “Dr. Hamilton’s Tor Carp,” Tor hamiltonii (=T. tor), derived from tora, a name which, “variously altered or corrupted, or with various additions, may be considered as generic appellations among the natives” for large river cyprinids of the Ganges River system

Tor ater Roberts 1999 Latin for black (correct would be the comparative atrior or atrius), referring to its “generally dark” coloration

Tor barakae Arunkumar & Basudha 2003 of Barak River, Manipur, India, only known area of occurrence

Tor dongnaiensis Hoang, Pham, Durand, Tran & Phan 2015 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Đong Nai drainage, southern Vietnam, type locality

Tor khudree (Sykes 1839) Marathi vernacular for this species in India, which, as Sykes explained in 1841, he adopted “so that naturalists who travel the country can always obtain” the species

Tor kulkarnii Menon 1992 in honor of C. V. Kulkarni, retired Director of Fisheries, Maharashtra, for his outstanding contributions to masheer conservation in India

Tor laterivittatus Zhou & Cui 1996 lateralis (L.), of the side; vittatus (L.), striped or banded, referring to blackish longitudinal stripe on side of body

Tor macrolepis (Heckel 1838) macro-, from makrós (Gr. μακρός), long; lepίs (Gr. λεπίς), scale, referring to its large scales, with just three series above lateral line and two below

Tor mahanadicus David 1953 –icus (L.), belonging to: Mahanadi River, Orissa, India, type locality

Tor mekongensis Hoang, Pham, Durand, Tran & Phan 2015 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Mekong drainage of southern Vietnam, type locality

Tor mosal (Hamilton 1822) local Gangetic name for this cyprinid

Tor polylepis Zhou & Cui 1996 polý (Gr. πολύ), many; lepίs (Gr. λεπίς), scale, referring to higher number of lateral line scales (34–35) compared with congeners (23–28)

Tor putitora (Hamilton 1822) derived from tora, a name which, “variously altered or corrupted, or with various additions, may be considered as generic appellations among the natives” for large river cyprinids of the Ganges River system

Tor remadevii Madhusoodana Kurup & Radhakrishnan 2011 in honor of “renowned freshwater fish taxonomist” Karunakaran Rema Devi, Scientist, Zoological Survey of India [preferably spelled remadeviae since name honors a woman, but ICZN 32.5.1 forbids such a correction]

Tor sinensis Wu 1977 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Sinica (China), referring to its occurrence in Mekong River basin of Yunnan Province

Tor tambra (Valenciennes 1842) local name for this species in Java, Indonesia

Tor tambroides (Bleeker 1854) –oides, Neo-Latin from eī́dos (Gr. εἶδος), form or shape: similar to T. tambra

Tor tor (Hamilton 1822) one of the “variously altered or corrupted” versions of tora, comprising the “generic appellations among the natives” for large river cyprinids in the Ganges River system

Tor yingjiangensis Chen & Yang 2004 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Yingjiang River, Manyun Town, Yunnan Province, China, type locality