COMMENTS
v. 11.0 – 3 July 2024  view/download PDF

Family SERRANIDAE Sea Basses
12 genera · 107 species/subspecies

Bullisichthys Rivas 1971    in honor of marine biologist Harvey R. Bullis, Jr. (1924-1992), Associate Director for Resource Programs, National Marine Fisheries Service (Washington, D.C.), who called the distinctiveness of this fish to Rivas’ attention; ichthys, fish

Bullisichthys caribbaeus Rivas 1971    Caribbean, referring to its occurrence in the Caribbean Sea

Centropristis Cuvier 1829    kentron, thorn or spine, referring to spiny operculum; pristis, saw, referring to serrated preoperculum

Centropristis ocyurus (Jordan & Evermann 1887)    ocy, swift (bird); oura, tail, referring to “filamentous, much produced” upper and lower lobes of caudal fin

Centropristis philadelphica (Linnaeus 1758)    –ica, belonging to: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, although this species does not occur there (western Atlantic from North Carolina south to Florida and northern Gulf of Mexico); it is presumed that Linnaeus received his specimen from a supplier located in Philadelphia

Centropristis rufa Cuvier 1829    reddish, referring to “beautiful dark red” coloration (translation) [a doubtful species, provisionally included here]

Centropristis striata (Linnaeus 1758)    striped, presumably referring to pale stripes along body formed by a pearl spot on each scale

Chelidoperca Boulenger 1895    chelidon, swallow; perca, perch, i.e., a swallow-like perch, referring to pointed caudal-fin lobes of C. hirundinacea, like the tail of a swallow

Chelidoperca africana Cadenat 1960    African, referring to distribution in eastern Atlantic off west coast of Africa, from Mauritania south to Angola

Chelidoperca barazeri Lee, Lee, Matsunuma & Chen 2019    in honor of Jean-François Barazer, captain of the research vessel Alis, an “expert in organizing trawling operations, deep-sea biodiversity surveys, and cruise arrangements”; the discovery of new species, including this one, through the Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos program (2007-2017), would not have been possible without his support and “great efforts”

Chelidoperca cerasina Ogino, Lee, Chen & Matsunuma 2019    cherry, referring to entirely pinkish body in relatively small fresh specimens and characteristic reddish spots on pectoral- and caudal-fin bases

Chelidoperca flavimacula Psomadakis, Gon & Htut 2021    flavus, yellow; macula, spot, referring to characteristic yellow spots covering anal fin

Chelidoperca flavolineata Matsunuma, Tan & Peristiwady 2020    flavus, yellow; lineata, lined, referring to characteristic yellow longitudinal stripe

Chelidoperca formosa Tang & Ho 2021     a double meaning: Formosa, historic name of Taiwan, referring to type locality (off Ketzu-liao, Kaohsiung), and Latin for beautiful, described as a “brilliant” fish

Chelidoperca hirundinacea (Valenciennes 1831)    swallow-like, referring to pointed caudal-fin lobes, like the tail of a swallow

Chelidoperca investigatoris (Alcock 1890)    –is, genitive singular of: HM Indian Marine Survey steamer Investigator, from which type was collected

Chelidoperca lecromi Fourmanoir 1982    in honor of Albert Le Crom, in charge of deep trawling aboard the research vessel Vauban, from which type was collected

Chelidoperca leucostigmata Lee, Lee, Matsunuma & Chen 2019    leucos, white; stigmata, marked, referring to row of mid-lateral white spots on fresh specimens

Chelidoperca maculicauda Bineesh & Akhilesh 2013    macula, spot; cauda, tail, referring to distinctive gray spot on tail

Chelidoperca margaritifera Weber 1913    margarita, pearl; fero, to bear, referring to 12 pearl-colored spots or smudges, roughly the size of a scale, on lower body (they appear on upper body as well)

Chelidoperca microdon Lee, Lee, Matsunuma & Chen 2019    micro-, small; odon, tooth, referring to lack of enlarged canines on both jaws, especially compared with the morphologically similar C. tosaensis

Chelidoperca myathantuni Psomadakis, Gon & Htut 2021    in honor of Mya Than Tun, former Director, Research and Development Division, Department of Fisheries (Myanmar) and Wildlife Conservation Society national coordinator (retired), for his “remarkable contribution to improving knowledge on the fisheries resources in Myanmar, and untiring dedication to the advancement of ichthyology in his country”

Chelidoperca occipitalis Kotthaus 1973    occipital, referring to two spines on occiput, unique among congeners known at the time

Chelidoperca pleurospilus (Günther 1880)    pleuro-, side; spilos, spot, referring to series of 4-5 oblong black spots along sides

Chelidoperca pollux Matsunuma, Hoang, Tachihara, Hirasaka & Motomura 2024    named for Pollux, a star in the Gemini constellation, also known as the brother of the star Castor, referring to its relationship with the morphologically similar congener C. flavimacula

Chelidoperca pulchella Matsunuma, Hoang, Tachihara, Hirasaka & Motomura 2024    diminutive of pulchra (L.), beautiful or lovely, referring to small body size of the type specimens and their vivid ornamental colors in life

Chelidoperca santosi Williams & Carpenter 2015    in honor of Mudjekeewis Santos of the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources-National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (Manila), the authors’ Philippine colleague and collaborator, “without whose assistance the discovery of this colorful perchlet would not have been possible, and in recognition of his many contributions to the advancement of science in the Philippines”

Chelidoperca stella Matsunuma & Motomura 2016    star, referring to several yellow spots on pelvic fin

Chelidoperca tosaensis Matsunuma, Yamakawa & Williams 2017    –ensis, suffix denoting place: off Tosa Bay, Kochi Prefecture, Japan, type locality

Cratinus Steindachner 1878    etymology not explained, perhaps adjectival form of crates, harrow (a type of plow with spike-like teeth dragged over land to break up clods and remove weeds), referring to third to fifth (sometimes also sixth and seventh) dorsal-fin spines prolonged and bearing filaments

Cratinus agassizii Steindachner 1878    in honor of zoologist-geologist Louis Agassiz (1807-1873), who led the 1871-1872 Hassler expedition, during which type was collected

Diplectrum Holbrook 1855    di-, twice or two; plectrum, spur, referring to two rounded groups of radiating spines on preopercle of type species, D. fascicularis (=formosum)

Diplectrum bivittatum (Valenciennes 1828)    bi-, two; vittatus, banded, referring to dark stripe that runs just under dorsal fin and a second stripe that runs from snout, through eye, to caudal-fin base

Diplectrum conceptione (Valenciennes 1828)    –is, genitive singular of: Concepción, Chile, type locality (also occurs off Peru)

Diplectrum eumelum Rosenblatt & Johnson 1974    eu, beautiful; melon, cheek, referring to bright-orange stripe on cheek in life (pale in isopropanol)

Diplectrum euryplectrum Jordan & Bollman 1890    eurys, wide; plectrum, spur, referring to very wide preopercular process, wider than that of D. radiale

Diplectrum formosum formosum (Linnaeus 1766)    handsome or beautiful, probably referring to 7-8 longitudinal blue lines on sides

Diplectrum formosum radians Quoy & Gaimard 1824    radiant or radiating, allusion not explained nor evident

Diplectrum labarum Rosenblatt & Johnson 1974    Roman imperial standard (flag), referring to third, fourth and occasionally fifth dorsal-fin spines with black filamentous extensions

Diplectrum macropoma (Günther 1864)    macro-, large; poma, lid or cover, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to wide, angular bony spur with 8-13 long spines on angle of preoperculum

Diplectrum maximum Hildebrand 1946    largest, at 39.5 cm TL, the largest member of the genus

Diplectrum pacificum Meek & Hildebrand 1925    of the Pacific, named for eastern Pacific populations (California to Panama) previously identified as the western Atlantic D. radiale

Diplectrum radiale (Quoy & Gaimard 1824)    radiating, referring to cluster of radiating spines on preopercle

Diplectrum rostrum Bortone 1974    snout, calling attention to conspicuous light bars on each side of snout

Diplectrum sciurus Gilbert 1892    squirrel, the name “squirrel-fish” long applied to D. formosum, perhaps from a croaking noise it makes

Dules Cuvier 1829    from the Latin doule, female slave, referring to resemblance to the “slave-fish” Terapon (Terapontoidei: Terapontidae), so named because it was held in such low esteem as a food fish among the Japanese that it was considered fit only for slaves (Jordan & Evermann 1898 report that “slave” refers to D. auriga “being under the lash of the long dorsal spine,” but this is not supported by Cuvier’s own explanation)

Dules auriga Cuvier 1829    coachman’s whip, referring to long, whip-like third spine of dorsal fin

Hypoplectrus Gill 1861    hypo-, below; plectrum, spur, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to several small, forward-pointing spines on lower edge, near corner, of angular preoperculum

Hypoplectrus aberrans Poey 1868    aberrant (i.e., deviating or different), allusion not explained, perhaps referring to absence of small bands in soft portion of dorsal fin, a character that Poey said helped distinguish H. puella, the type species of the genus

Hypoplectrus affinis Poey 1868    related, referring to similarity to H. chlorurus and H. nigricans

Hypoplectrus atlahua Tavera & Acero P. 2013    named for Atlahua in Aztec mythology, a water goddess and protector of fishermen and archers (fish known only from the Mexican part of the Gulf of Mexico)

Hypoplectrus castroaguirrei Del Moral-Flores, Tello-Musi & Martínez-Pérez 2012    in honor of José Luis Castro Aguirre (1943-2011), “one of the pillars of Mexican ichthyology, great teacher and friend” (translation)

Hypoplectrus chlorurus (Cuvier 1828)    chloros, green; oura, tailed, a curious name since the fish’s tail is yellow and was described that way

Hypoplectrus ecosur Victor 2012    acronym of El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (Quintana Roo, México), for the “pioneering” work of its ichthyology group in marine ecology on the biodiversity and conservation of ecosystems in the western Caribbean

Hypoplectrus floridae Victor 2012    of the southern Florida coast of the western Atlantic (also occurs in the eastern Gulf of Mexico)

Hypoplectrus gemma Goode & Bean 1882    a jewel, allusion not explained, probably referring to presumed purple color in life (actually bright blue) coupled with its small size (up to 13 cm)

Hypoplectrus gummigutta (Poey 1851)    etymology not explained, probably named for Garcinia gummi-gutta, an Indonesian saptree whose yellow-orange fruit is called gutagamba in Spanish, which is also the local Cuban name for this fish, referring to its yellow-orange color

Hypoplectrus guttavarius (Poey 1852)    gutta, referring to its close relationship with H. gummigutta; varius, different, referring to its two colors (yellow head, brown body) compared to single color (yellow-orange) of H. gummigutta

Hypoplectrus indigo (Poey 1851)    blue, referring to deep indigo-blue color of body and fins

Hypoplectrus liberte Victor & Marks 2018    named for Baie de Fort-Liberté, northeastern Haiti, only known area of occurrence

Hypoplectrus maculiferus Poey 1871    macula, spot; fero, to bear, referring to large ocellated black spot on side of snout and a large black saddle at upper caudal-fin base  [possibly a junior synonym of H. aberrans]

Hypoplectrus maya Lobel 2011    in honor of the Maya people of Belize (type locality) and Lobel’s daughter, Maya Rose Lobel

Hypoplectrus nigricans (Poey 1852)    swarthy or blackish, referring to purplish-black body and fins

Hypoplectrus providencianus Acero P. & Garzón-Ferreira 1994    –anus, belonging to: Isla Providencia (Colombia), Caribbean Sea, type locality

Hypoplectrus puella (Cuvier 1828)    Latin for girl, referring to its local name in Martinique, demoiselle blanche (“white damsel”)

Hypoplectrus randallorum Lobel 2011    –orum, commemorative suffix, plural: in honor of ichthyologist John E. Randall (1924-2020), Bishop Museum (Honolulu) and his wife Helen, who first recognized this species as a possible new species in their 1960 paper on mimicry and protective resemblance in tropical marine fishes

Hypoplectrus unicolor (Walbaum 1792)    uni-, one, i.e., uniformly colored, described as having a “subfusco” (somewhat dusky) body (presumably color in alcohol; whitish to pale yellow in life)

Paralabrax Girard 1856    para-, near, having the “General physiognomy” of Labrax (=Dicentrarchus, Eupercaria: Moronidae), but first dorsal fin is contiguous with the second

Paralabrax albomaculatus (Jenyns 1840)    albo-, white; maculatus, spotted, referring to 6-7 (actually 6-10) “good-sized snow-white” spots on upper body

Paralabrax auroguttatus Walford 1936    auro-, gold; guttatus, spotted, referring to orange spots surrounded by gray on lower sides, caudal peduncle, snout, top of head, cheeks, and opercles

Paralabrax callaensis Starks 1906    –ensis, suffix denoting place: Callao, Peru, type locality

Paralabrax clathratus (Girard 1854)    latticed, referring to “upper part of back and sides covered with darker blotches, assuming an irregular fenestrated appearance”

Paralabrax dewegeri (Metzelaar 1919)    in honor of Mr. De Weger (d. 1910, forename not available), an officer of the Royal West Indian Mail Service, who discovered this species off Guanta, Venezuela; he collected other fishes from Trinidad, Haiti and other islands of the West Indies in 1907, and drowned three years later

Paralabrax humeralis (Valenciennes 1828)    pertaining to the shoulder, allusion not explained, but probably referring to large brown spot in front of pectoral fin based on proposed common name, La Serran à tache dans l’aisselle (serranus [sea bass] with stained armpit)

Paralabrax loro Walford 1936    Spanish for parrot, local name for this fish in Mazatlán, Sinaloa, México, type locality (occurs in eastern Pacific from Gulf of California south to Ecuador)

Paralabrax maculatofasciatus (Steindachner 1868)    maculatus, spotted; fasciatus, banded, referring to combination of numerous small black, brown and orange spots and 6-7 indistinct long dark bars on body

Paralabrax nebulifer (Girard 1854)    nebula, cloud; fero, carry or bear, referring to large “cloud-like” blackish blotches on upper body

Parasphyraenops Bean 1912    para-, near; Sphyraenops, a pempheriform genus (Epigonidae), allusion not explained nor evident

Parasphyraenops atrimanus Bean 1912    atri-, black; manus, hand, referring to “jet black” blotch behind (or inside) base of pectoral fin

Parasphyraenops incisus (Colin 1978)    notched, referring to deeply cleft dorsal fin

Schultzea Woods 1958    –ea, adjectival suffix: in honor of Leonard P. Schultz (1901-1986), Curator of Fishes at the U.S. National Museum, who confirmed that S. campechanus (=beta) represented a new species (even though it did not)

Schultzea beta (Hildebrand 1940)    second letter of Greek alphabet, because it is the second species from Tortugas (Florida, USA) of “uncertain generic affinities” included in Hildebrand’s paper (co-authored with William H. Longley)

Serraniculus Ginsburg 1952    diminutive of Serranus, referring to S. pumilio, described at 33-80 mm, the “smallest American serranid discovered so far” (as of 1952)

Serraniculus pumilio Ginsburg 1952    dwarf, described at 33-80 mm, the “smallest American serranid discovered so far” (as of 1952)

Serranus Cuvier 1816    derived from serra, saw, referring to denticulate preoperculum (per Cuvier 1828) of S. cabrilla and S. scriba

Serranus accraensis (Norman 1931)    –ensis, suffix denoting place: Accra, Ghana, type locality (occurs in eastern Atlantic from Senegal south to Angola, including São Tomé and Principe)

Serranus aequidens Gilbert 1890    aequus, same or equal; dens, teeth, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to unusually small teeth, the canines scarcely differentiated from the others (per Jordan & Evermann 1898)

Serranus aliceae Carvalho Filho & Ferreira 2013    in honor of Alice, “dear” daughter of the junior author

Serranus annularis (Günther 1880)    ringed, referring to two incomplete black rings behind eye

Serranus atricauda Günther 1874    ater, black; cauda, tail, referring to black caudal-fin lobes of adults

Serranus atrobranchus (Cuvier 1829)    ater, black; branchus, referring to black spot at gill opening, under the operculum

Serranus baldwini (Evermann & Marsh 1899)    in honor of Albertus H. Baldwin (1865-1935), artist of Puerto Rico expedition during which type was collected, for his “excellent” drawings and paintings of American fishes

Serranus cabrilla (Linnaeus 1758)    common name for this species (or similar sea basses) along the Mediterranean Sea of Spain, probably a diminutive of cabra, Spanish word for goat; the online Monaco Nature Encyclopedia (Mazza 2013) claims, without a source, that name refers to its way of swimming, with twitches and jumps, like a baby goat or kid

Serranus chionaraia Robins & Starck 1961    chionos, snow; araia, belly, referring to “snow-white” belly and adjacent sides

Serranus drewesi Iwamoto 2018    in honor of herpetologist Robert C. Drewes (b. 1942), California Academy of Sciences, for his “dedicated efforts in leading 12 separate scientific and educational expeditions to São Tomé e Principe [only known area of occurrence] to explore and document the diverse fauna and flora of that country and to inspire and educate the country’s citizens as to the biological wealth and uniqueness of where they live”

Serranus flaviventris (Cuvier 1829)    flavus, yellow; ventris, belly, referring to yellow bar at rear of belly (actually bright white according to contemporary accounts)

Serranus fusculus (Poey 1861)    diminutive of fuscus, dusky, described as “umber colored” (translation), with a series of six large darker spots towards the back

Serranus hepatus (Linnaeus 1758)    etymology not explained, perhaps from hepatos, “of the liver” in Greek, referring to liver-colored (dark red) bands on body (although Linnaeus described them as black)

Serranus heterurus (Cadenat 1937)    hetero-, different; oura, tail, referring to asymmetrical caudal fin, the upper lobe slightly pointed and produced, the lower lobe rounded

Serranus huascarii Steindachner 1900    per Steindachner (1907), in honor of Huáscar (1491-1532), the last “legitimate” (translation) Inca of Peru (described from Paita, Peru, but occurs in eastern Pacific from central Gulf of California south to Chile)

Serranus inexpectatus Wirtz & Iwamoto 2018    unexpected or surprising, referring to the senior author’s “surprising” find of two specimens of this species in the collection of the Zoologische Staatssammlung (Munich, Germany) when looking for comparative material for the description of S. pulcher

Serranus knysnaensis Gilchrist 1904    –ensis, suffix denoting place: Knysna, Cape Province, South Africa, type locality (occurs in southeastern Atlantic and southwestern Indian Oceans from South Africa to Madagascar)

Serranus luciopercanus Poey 1852    –anus, adjectival suffix: resembling the Pike Perch Sander lucioperca (Percoidei: Percidae) of Europe

Serranus maytagi Robins & Starck 1961    in honor of Robert Elmer Maytag (1923-1962), American naturalist, conservationist and philanthropist, who “generously” supported ichthyological research at the University of Miami’s Marine Laboratory (biographical footnotes: Maytag died from pneumonia at age 38; his grandfather was founder of the Maytag appliance company)

Serranus notospilus Longley 1935    notos, back; spilos, mark or spot, referring to pattern of bars on body, one of which “crosses the soft dorsal fin”

Serranus novemcinctus Kner 1864    novem, nine; cinctus, belt or girdle, referring to eight dark bars on body and one on nape

Serranus phoebe Poey 1851    Phoebe, a Titaness in Greek mythology associated with the moon, referring to white, semi-crescent-shaped bar on belly

Serranus papilionaceus Valenciennes 1832    butterfly-like, referring to soft dorsal fin, “red, variegated with small spots and small oblique blue lines, which form patterns similar to those seen on the wings of some butterflies” (translation)

Serranus psittacinus Valenciennes 1846    parrot-like or parrot-colored, allusion not explained nor evident

Serranus pulcher Wirtz & Iwamoto 2016    beautiful, allusion not explained, presumably referring to generally reddish body color of adults (although color is extremely variable)

Serranus sanctaehelenae Boulenger 1895    of Saint Helena Island, South Atlantic, type locality (also occurs at nearby Ascension Island)

Serranus scriba (Linnaeus 1758)    scribe, referring to bluish script-like marking on head (“capite scripto”)

Serranus socorroensis Allen & Robertson 1992    –ensis, suffix denoting place: Socorro Island, Revillagigedo Islands, off western México, type locality

Serranus stilbostigma (Jordan & Bollman 1890)    stilbos, bright or shining; stigma, mark or spot, presumably referring to large, oblique cream bar extending from lateral line to mid-belly

Serranus subligarius (Cope 1870)    etymology not explained; according to Jordan & Evermann (1896), “wearing a truss,” presumably referring to truss-like pattern of white crossbands on body

Serranus tabacarius (Cuvier 1829)    pertaining to tabacum, tobacco, referring to its local name in Martinique, le bout de taboo (“cigar stump”)

Serranus tico Allen & Robertson 1998    derived from Ticos, as Costa Ricans affectionately call themselves, so named for their linguistic tendency to add the diminutive “tico” to the end of each word, in this case referring to Cocos Island, Costa Rica, type locality (also occurs at Malpelo Island, Colombia)

Serranus tigrinus (Bloch 1790)    tiger, referring to tiger-like spots on body

Serranus tortugarum Longley 1935    –arum, commemorative suffix, plural: named for the Tortugas Islands (Florida, USA), type locality (occurs in western Atlantic from southern Florida south to Venezuela)

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Family ANTHIADIDAE Anthias and Fairy Basslets
32 genera · 248 species · Nomenclatural notes: Family name changed from Anthiidae to Anthiadidae to avoid homonymy with Anthiinae, a subfamily of beetles.

Acanthistius Gill 1862    acanthus, thorn or spine; istios, sail (i.e., dorsal fin), name proposed without a description, perhaps referring to 13 dorsal-fin spines compared with eight as in Plectropoma (now spelled Plectropomus, Epinephelinae), original genus of type species, A. serratus

Acanthistius brasilianus (Cuvier 1828)    Brazilian, referring to type locality, east of Ilheus, Bahia State, Brazil (occurs in southwestern Atlantic from southern Brazil south to Argentina)

Acanthistius cinctus (Günther 1859)    encircled, referring to six dark-brown crossbands encircling body and tail

Acanthistius fuscus Regan 1913    dark, swarthy or dusky, referring to brownish coloration

Acanthistius joanae Heemstra 2010    in honor of Joan Wright, Heemstra’s “able and conscientious former research assistant”; per Heemstra’s wife Elaine in an online note, Heemstra had promised Joan he would name the fish after her but never got around to it for at least 25 years, a few years after Joan had retired

Acanthistius ocellatus (Günther 1859)    having eye-like spots, presumably referring to dark, usually blue-centered spots covering head and body

Acanthistius pardalotus Hutchins 1981    spotted like a leopard, referring to “leopard-like pattern of blackish brown spots, blotches and lines” on body and fins

Acanthistius patachonicus (Jenyns 1840)    Patagonian, described from coast of northern Patagonia (Argentina) and the mouth of the Río de la Plata (between Uruguay and Argentina)

Acanthistius paxtoni Hutchins & Kuiter 1982    in honor of John R. Paxton (b. 1938), Australian Museum (Sydney), for his contributions to Australian ichthyology

Acanthistius pictus (Tschudi 1846)    painted, referring to “bright, rose-red markings” (translation) on a silver-white body

Acanthistius sebastoides (Castelnau 1861)    -oides, having the form of: described as “singularly similar” (translation) to scorpionfishes of Sebastes (Percifomes: Scorpaenoidei: Sebastidae)

Acanthistius serratus (Cuvier 1828)    serrated, referring to “very strongly serrated” (translation) operculum

Anatolanthias Anderson, Parin & Randall 1990    anatole, east; Anthias, type genus of subfamily, i.e., an anthiine fish that occurs in the eastern South Pacific

Anatolanthias apiomycter Anderson, Parin & Randall 1990    apios, far away; mykter, nostril, referring to anterior nostril somewhat remote from posterior nostril

Anthias Bloch 1792    tautonymous with Labrus anthias Linnaeus 1758

Anthias anthias (Linnaeus 1758)    ancient Greek name (of unknown etymology) for this species dating to at least Aristotle

Anthias asperilinguis Günther 1859    asper, rough; linguis, tongue, referring to oval patch of villiform teeth in middle of tongue (present on only 30% of specimens examined per Anderson et al. 2017)

Anthias cyprinoides (Katayama & Amaoka 1986)    –oides, having the form of: cyprinus, carp, referring to its carp-like shape

Anthias helenensis Katayama & Amaoka 1986    –ensis, suffix denoting place: north of Saint Helena Island, southern central Atlantic, only known area of occurrence

Anthias hensleyi (Anderson & García-Moliner 2012)    in honor of ichthyologist Dannie Alan Hensley (1944-2008), formerly of the University of Puerto Rico (species is known only from the Mona Passage between Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic)

Anthias menezesi Anderson & Heemstra 1980    in honor of ichthyologist Naércio A. Menezes (b. 1937), Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, for his “generous help” (he provided a color transparency and notes on the coloration of this species in life)

Anthias nicholsi Firth 1933    in honor of John Treadwell Nichols (1883-1958), curator of fishes, American Museum of Natural History, “in deep admiration of his scientific achievements”; description published in an issue commemorating the 20th anniversary of Copeia, which Nichols founded and initially produced at his own expense

Anthias noeli Anderson & Baldwin 2000    in honor of Noel Archambault, IMAX cameraman/stereographer, who lost his life on 26 June 1998 in a tragic plane crash in the Galapagos during one of the expeditions on which this species was collected; “Noel was a pioneer of modern 3-D film technology. It is appropriate to name in his memory a new species collected using the modern submersible technology that is allowing the exploration of oceanic regions previously inaccessible to scientific study.”

Anthias woodsi Anderson & Heemstra 1980    in honor of Loren P. Woods (1914-1979), Curator of Fishes, Field Museum of Natural History (Chicago), who provided many specimens for the authors’ studies of American anthiines

Baldwinella Anderson & Heemstra 2012    –ella, diminutive suffix connoting endearment: in honor of Carole C. Baldwin, National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.), for her contributions to understanding the systematics of serranid fishes (for example, she demonstrated in 1990 that the two species included are sister species and warrant placement in a genus distinct from Anthias)

Baldwinella aureorubens (Longley 1935)    aureus, gold; rubens, reddish, coloration not mentioned in brief description; redescribed in more detail in Longley & Hildebrand (1942), who mention pinkish body, yellow-margined scales, golden iris, yellow dorsal and caudal fins, and pink pectoral fins

Baldwinella eos (Gilbert 1890)    sunrise, from Eos, goddess of morning-glow, referring to rosy-red color

Baldwinella vivanus (Jordan & Swain 1885)    named for the snapper Lutjanus vivanus (Lutjaniformes: Lutjanidae), from whose stomach type specimen was taken

Caesioperca Castelnau 1872    perca, a member of the then catch-all family Percidae for perch-like fishes, but similar to fusiliers, Caesio (Lutjaniformes: Lutjanidae) in the “beauty and disposition of its colours”

Caesioperca lepidoptera (Forster 1801)    lepido-, scaled; ptera, finned, referring to scaly sheath covering over half the height of dorsal and anal fins

Caesioperca rasor (Richardson 1839)    shaver, referring to “Tasmanian Barber,” its common name in Australia; according to Richardson 1842, the “more classical word tonsor [had] been previously appropriated to another species” (presumably Serranus tonsor Valenciennes 1828, an unidentifiable species with no known types)

Caprodon Temminck & Schlegel 1843    capros, boar; odon, tooth, allusion not explained, possibly referring to front mandibular teeth of the species later named C. schlegelii, very large and pointing backwards, like the tusks of a wild boar

Caprodon krasyukovae Kharin 1983    in honor Soviet ichthyologist of Zoya Valentinovna Krasyukova (ca. 1928-1991), Russian Academy of Sciences, one of the authors of Fishes of the Sea of Japan and Adjoining Parts of the Yellow Sea (1969)

Caprodon longimanus (Günther 1859)    longus, long; manus, hand, referring to long and pointed pectoral fins, longer than head

Caprodon schlegelii (Günther 1859)    in honor of vertebrate zoologist Hermann Schlegel (1804-1884), who, with Coenraad Jacob Temminck (1778-1858), proposed a generic (Caprodon) but not a specific name for this species in their Fauna Japonica (1843)

Caprodon unicolor Katayama 1975    uni-, one, presumably referring to “uniformly pale yellow” color in formalin (orange-red in life)

Choranthias Anderson & Heemstra 2012    chora, room or space, referring to interrupted lateral line; Anthias, type genus of subfamily

Choranthias salmopunctatus (Lubbock & Edwards 1981)    salmo-, salmon; punctatus, spotted, referring to “salmon-pink spots” on body

Choranthias tenuis (Nichols 1920)    slender, referring to more slender body compared to Anthias louisi (=Pronotogrammus martinicensis), its presumed congener at the time, also from Bermuda

Compsanthias Gill 2024    comps-, from kompsós (Gr. κομψός), elegant or pretty, referring to “graceful form and striking coloration” of both species; Anthias, type genus of family

Compsanthias hawaiiensis (Randall 1979)    –ensis, suffix denoting place: proposed as a Hawaiian subspecies of C. ventralis

Compsanthias ventralis (Randall 1979)    ventral or of the belly, referring to “striking” prolongation of ventral and anal fins

Dactylanthias Bleeker 1871    dactylus, finger, referring to slender and simple (unbranched) pectoral-fin rays; Anthias, original genus of D. aplodactylus

Dactylanthias aplodactylus (Bleeker 1858)    [h]aplo-, simple or single; dactylus, finger, referring to slender and simple (unbranched) pectoral-fin rays

Epinephelides Ogilby 1899    –oides, having the form of: the grouper genus Epinephelus

Epinephelides armatus (Castelnau 1875)    armed (with a weapon), allusion not explained, perhaps referring to “strong, flat spine” at posterior angle of preoperculum

Giganthias Katayama 1954    gigas, large or giant, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to size of G. immaculatus ( 29.0 cm SL) relative to other anthiine fishes known at the time; Anthias, type genus of subfamily

Giganthias immaculatus Katayama 1954    im-, not; maculatus, spotted, i.e., unspotted, although it is described as having “irregular yellow stops [presumably a typo for ‘spots’]” on spinous dorsal fin

Giganthias serratospinosus White & Dharmadi 2012    serratus, serrate; spinosus, spiny, referring to serrate tips to anterior dorsal- and pelvic-fin spines (a key diagnostic feature of this genus)

Hemanthias Steindachner 1875    hem[i]-, partial, proposed as a subgenus of Anthias

Hemanthias leptus (Ginsburg 1952)    slender, referring to “comparatively slender” body

Hemanthias peruanus (Steindachner 1875)    Peruvian, described from Paita, Peru (occurs in eastern Pacific from Baja California Sur and Gulf of California south to Peru and Galápagos Islands)

Hemanthias signifer (Garman 1899)    signum, mark; fero, to bear, (i.e., color sergeant or standard bearer), presumably referring to filamentous third dorsal-fin spine, “with its pennant as long as the head”

Holanthias Günther 1868    etymology not explained, presumably holos, whole or full, i.e., an Anthias with a convex caudal fin instead of forked

Holanthias caudalis Trunov 1976    of the tail, referring to elongate second and third rays of lower caudal-fin lobe of males

Holanthias fronticinctus (Günther 1868)    frontis, front; cinctus, girdle, referring to three white bands (in spirits) across snout, forehead and occiput

Hypoplectrodes Gill 1862    –oides, having the form of: allusion not explained, presumably referring to resemblance with Hypoplectrus Gill 1861 (Serraninae), both genera having small, forward-pointing spines (hypo-, below; plectrum, spur) on lower edge of preoperculum

Hypoplectrodes annulatus (Günther 1859)    ringed, referring to six black cross-bands “occupying the whole depth of the body and tail”

Hypoplectrodes australis (Peters 1877)    Latin for southern, endemic to Western Australia [previously known as H. cardinalis]

Hypoplectrodes huntii (Hector 1875)    in honor of F. Hunt, Esq., who presented type; possibly Frederick Alfred Hunt (1817-1891), self-declared “king” of Pitt Island in the Chatham Islands (type locality) and author of Twenty-Five Years’ Experience in New Zealand and the Chatham Islands (1866)

Hypoplectrodes jamesoni Ogilby 1908    in honor of Jonathan Thompson Jameson, an amateur naturalist and “enthusiastic collector, who has brought [Ogilby] many interesting zoological specimens”; Ogilby honored Jameson to make up for the fact that Atherinosoma jamesonii Macleay 1884, which Jameson had collected, was synonymized with Pseudomugil signifer Kner 1866 (Atheriniformes: Pseudomugilidae)

Hypoplectrodes maccullochi (Whitley 1929)    in honor of the late Allan R. McCulloch (1885-1925), former Curator of Fishes, Australian Museum (note latinization of “Mc” to “Mac”)

Hypoplectrodes nigroruber (Cuvier 1828)    nigro-, black; rubrum, red, referring to bright red-orange body (actually red to brown or yellowish-gray) crossed by five black (actually dark red to blackish) bands

Hypoplectrodes semicinctum (Valenciennes 1833)    semi-, half; cinctum, belt or girdle, referring to eight red-brown bands on upper body (not reaching belly)

Hypoplectrodes wilsoni (Allen & Moyer 1980)    in honor of malacologist Barry R. Wilson (1935-2017), Director of the National Museum of Victoria and formerly Head of the Division of Natural Sciences of the Western Australian Museum, who “kindly” allowed the senior author to use his cottage and laboratory facilities at Geographe Bay (Western Australia) on several occasions, and served as a diving companion to both authors when type was collected in December 1978

Lepidoperca Regan 1914    lepido-, scale; perca, perch, but in this case probably a shorthand for Caesioperca, described as close to Caesioperca (now Lepidoperca) coatsii but with larger scales

Lepidoperca aurantia Roberts 1989    orange-colored, referring to body color of fresh specimens

Lepidoperca brochata Katayama & Fujii 1982    brochate, i.e., having projecting teeth, presumably referring to lower jaw slightly projecting beyond upper jaw when mouth is closed

Lepidoperca caesiopercula (Whitley 1951)    etymology not explained, probably caesio, shorthand for Caesioperca, described as similar to that genus in its fin formulae; percula, little perch

Lepidoperca coatsii (Regan 1913)    in honor of Maj. Andrew Coats (1852-1930), a “most generous donor to the funds of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition [during which type was collected], and himself a polar explorer”

Lepidoperca filamenta Roberts 1987    filum, thread; -mentum, suffix denoting means or action, referring to filamentous rays of caudal-fin lobes

Lepidoperca inornata Regan 1914    unadorned, referring to “immaculate” dorsal fin, compared to blackish spots on dorsal fin of L. coatsii

Lepidoperca magna Katayama & Fujii 1982    large, referring to its size, reached 27.0 cm SL

Lepidoperca occidentalis Whitley 1951    western, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to Western Australia, type locality (also occurs off South Australia)

Lepidoperca pulchella (Waite 1899)    diminutive of pulcher, beautiful, i.e., pretty, presumably referring to life coloration: reddish above, becoming orange on sides and often paler below, with yellow fins, and a pale pink stripe from upper jaw to the lower part of gill cover

Lepidoperca tasmanica Norman 1937    Tasmanian, referring to Tasmania, Australia, type locality (also occurs off New Zealand)

Luzonichthys Herre 1936    named for Luzon Island, Philippines, type locality of L. waitei; ichthys, fish

Luzonichthys earlei Randall 1981    in honor of John L. Earle, Research Associate in Zoology, Bishop Museum (Honolulu), who collected most of the specimens as well as other “valuable” species, including L. whitleyi from Fanning Island (now known as Tabuaeran), one of the Line Islands of Kirbati

Luzonichthys kiomeamea Shepherd, Pinheiro, Phelps, Pérez-Matus & Rocha 2019    from kio-meamea, Rapa Nui name for this species, meaning “red fish that takes refuge in a cave,” referring to orange-red upper-body color in life and, presumably, its rocky patch reef habitat

Luzonichthys microlepis (Smith 1955)    micro-, small; lepis, scale, referring to its “fairly small” scales

Luzonichthys seaver Copus, Ka’apu-Lyons & Pyle 2015    named for the Seaver Institute for Marine Research, which helped fund the authors’ research, and not named for the Seaver family, as incorrectly stated in original description (Richard L. Pyle, pers. comm. with Eschmeyer’s Catalog of Fishes, 28 June 2015)

Luzonichthys taeniatus Randall & McCosker 1992    ribboned or banded, referring to orange and yellow stripes anteriorly on body

Luzonichthys waitei (Fowler 1931)    in honor of “distinguished” Australian zoologist Edgar R. Waite (1866-1928), for his many contributions to ichthyology

Luzonichthys whitleyi (Smith 1955)    in honor of Australian ichthyologist-malacologist Gilbert Percy Whitley (1903-1975), as a replacement name for Naurua waitei Whitley & Colefax 1938, preoccupied by L. waitei

Luzonichthys williamsi Randall & McCosker 1992    in honor of ichthyologist Jeffrey T. Williams, Smithsonian Institution, who helped collect type and took a color photo of it, which Randall used

Meganthias Randall & Heemstra 2006    mega, large, referring to large size of M. kingyo (278 mm SL) and M. natalensis (374 mm SL), compared to the similar Odontanthias, none of which exceed 204 mm SL; Anthias, type genus of subfamily

Meganthias carpenteri Anderson 2006    in honor of ichthyologist Kent E. Carpenter, Old Dominion University (Virginia, USA), who invited Anderson to participate in the FAO-COC (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias) workshop held at Tenerife in July 2004, and who has done a “superb job” in editing and organizing the production of FAO Species Identification Guides

Meganthias filiferus Randall & Heemstra 2008    filum, thread or filament; fero, to bear, referring to very long dorsal- and caudal-fin filaments

Meganthias kingyo (Kon, Yoshino & Sakurai 2000)    Japanese for Goldfish (Carassius auratus), referring to goldfish-like body shape and coloration

Meganthias natalensis (Fowler 1925)    –ensis, suffix denoting place: KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, type locality (occurs in southwestern Indian Ocean from South Africa to Madagascar and the Mascarenes)

Mirolabrichthys Herre 1927    mirus, wonderful, and labrum, lip, referring to “remarkable proboscislike, fleshy, pointed tip” on premaxillary of M. tuka; ichthys, fish

Mirolabrichthys evansi (Smith 1954)    in honor of Frank V. Evans, Esq., of Durban, South Africa (no other information available), who “greatly assisted” Smith’s work

Mirolabrichthys pascalus (Jordan & Tanaka 1927)    etymology not explained nor evident

Mirolabrichthys tuka Herre & Montalban 1927    Tagalog (Philippines) word for beak, referring to fleshy, pointed tip on premaxillary

Nemanthias Smith 1954    nema, thread, referring to first two dorsal-fin spines, which are filiform; Anthias, type genus of subfamily

Nemanthias bartlettorum (Randall & Lubbock 1981)    –orum, commemorative suffix, plural: in honor of Nathan (1927-2014) and Patricia Bartlett, formerly of Kwajalein, Marshall Islands, whose underwater photos of this fish first revealed its existence (Nathan was an electrical engineer, private pilot, Navy veteran, and avid SCUBA diver)

Nemanthias bicolor (Randall 1979)    bi-, two, i.e., two-colored, referring to salmon pink of upper body and lavender pink of lower body; when viewed underwater in its usual moderately deep habitat (hence with shades of red subdued), the back appears more yellow and the lower side more blue, thus enhancing the bicolored effect and easily distinguishing it from Pseudanthias thompsoni, its presumed congener at the time

Nemanthias carberryi Smith 1954    in honor of J. E. Carberry, of Malindi, Kenya, who “greatly assisted” Smith’s work, possibly John Evans Carberry (1892-1970), who ran a business in Malindi at this time

Nemanthias dispar (Herre 1955)    dissimilar, differing from Mirolabrichthys tuka (its presumed congener at the time) in its greater number of lateral-line scales, more numerous dorsal and pectoral rays, much lower soft dorsal fin (which does not exceed spinous dorsal fin in height), and number of gillrakers

Nemanthias ignitus (Randall & Lubbock 1981)    glowing (of a fire), referring to its “flame-like hues”

Nemanthias regalis (Randall & Lubbock 1981)    royal or regal, referring to “majestic” colors displayed by both sexes

Odontanthias Bleeker 1873    odontos, tooth, similar and/or related to Anthias but possessing large patches of small villiform teeth on tongue (also on vomer, palatines, and often on mesopterygoids [endopterygoids in older literature])

Odontanthias borbonius (Valenciennes 1828)    –ius, belonging to: Borbon (or Bourbon), early name for Réunion island, western Mascarenes, type locality (occurs in Indo-West Pacific from South Africa, Comoros, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Guam and New Guinea, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands)

Odontanthias caudicinctus (Heemstra & Randall 1986)    caudi-, tail; cinctus, belt or girdle, presumably referring to large, slightly oblique dark-brown bar posteriorly on caudal peduncle and caudal-fin base of males, and/or wedge-shaped white bar bordering anterior edge of dark-brown bar

Odontanthias cauoh Carvalho-Filho, Macena & Nunes 2016    named after “Carolina,” popular name for this species among Brazilian professional fishermen at St. Paul’s Rocks (eastern Atlantic), but shortened to the nickname Cauó of the first author’s elder daughter, Ana Carolina S. R. Carvalho, pronounced kau-oh

Odontanthias chrysostictus    (Günther 1872)    chrysos, gold; stictos, spotted, referring to bright-yellow centers of rose-colored scales

Odontanthias dorsomaculatus Katayama & Yamamoto 1986    dorso-, dorsal; maculatus, spotted, referring to long black band on third interspinous membrane and black oval blotch on fourth and fifth interspinous membranes of dorsal fin

Odontanthias elizabethae Fowler 1923    in honor of Fowler’s wife Elizabeth, “in slight tribute for her assistance during [his] work on Hawaiian fishes”

Odontanthias flagris Yoshino & Araga 1975    whip or lash, referring to elongate and blade-like third dorsal-fin spine

Odontanthias fuscipinnis (Jenkins 1901)    fuscus, dusky; pinnis, fin, referring to dusky color on scaly part of soft dorsal-fin base, posterior part of spinous dorsal fin, and base of caudal fin

Odontanthias katayamai (Randall, Maugé & Plessis 1979)    in honor of ichthyologist Masao Katayama (Yamaguchi University), for his studies of Japanese serranid fishes; he also independently determined that this species did not have a scientific name

Odontanthias perumali (Talwar 1976)    in honor of M. C. Perumal, Director, Central Institute Fisheries Operative, Cochin, India, who provided “excellent facilities” aboard the Blue Fin

Odontanthias randalli White 2011    in honor of John E. Randall (1924-2020), Bishop Museum (Honolulu), for his “significant contribution to the knowledge of anthiine fishes, and Indo–Pacific fishes in general. The [2006] review of the Odontanthias genus he co-authored [with Phillip C. Heemstra] provided detailed description of the nominal species and their relationships with closely related genera.”

Odontanthias rhodopeplus (Günther 1872)    rhodo-, rosy; peplus, robe or tunic, referring to “reddish rose-coloured” sides

Odontanthias tapui (Randall, Maugé & Plessis 1979)    in honor of Jean Tapu (1929-2018), Service des Peche (Papeete, Tahiti), who provided holotype, color photographs of it, and other “valuable” specimens of Tahitian fishes in the past; he was also a world-champion spearfisher

Odontanthias unimaculatus (Tanaka 1917)    uni-, one; maculatus, spotted, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to blackish blotch on tip of interspinous flap between third and fourth dorsal-fin spines

Odontanthias wassi Randall & Heemstra 2006    in honor of fisheries officer Richard C. Wass (b. 1942), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, who obtained type and presented it to the Bishop Museum (Honolulu)

Odontanthias xanthomaculatus (Fourmanoir & Rivaton 1979)    xanthos, yellow; maculatus, spotted, referring to large yellow spot extending between eighth dorsal-fin spine and the fifth dorsal-fin ray, ranging from dorsal profile to middle of body

Othos Castelnau 1875    etymology not explained, perhaps oth[neios], strange or alien; os, mouth, referring to its “enormous” canine teeth at front of jaws, which are visible when mouth is closed

Othos dentex (Cuvier 1828)    with large teeth, referring to large canine teeth at front of jaws, which are visible when mouth is closed

Plectranthias Bleeker 1873    plectro-, presumably referring to previous placement of P. anthioides in Plectropoma (=Plectropomus, Epinephelinae); Anthias, referring to affinity with anthiines based on specific epithet of P. anthioides

Plectranthias ahiahiata Shepherd, Phelps, Pinheiro, Pérez-Matus & Rocha 2018    ahiahi-ata, Rapa Nui phrase meaning “the last moments of light before nightfall,” referring to how its colors remind the authors of the “beautiful” sunsets of Rapa Nui (Easter Island), where it is endemic

Plectranthias alcocki Bineesh, Gopalakrishnan & Jena 2014    in honor of physician-naturalist Alfred William Alcock (1859-1933), Superintendent of the Indian Museum (West Bengal, India), for his contribution to the taxonomy of the deep-sea fauna of Indian seas

Plectranthias alleni Randall 1980    in honor of ichthyologist Gerald R. Allen (b. 1942), Western Australia Museum (Perth), who provided type specimens to Randall knowing that the species was undescribed

Plectranthias altipinnatus Katayama & Masuda 1980    alti-, high; pinnatus, finned, referring to long third dorsal-fin spine with pennant-like flap

Plectranthias anthioides (Günther 1872)    –oides, having the form of: allusion not explained, presumably referring to its Anthias-like appearance

Plectranthias azumanus (Jordan & Richardson 1910)    –anus, belonging to: Azuma, a “poetical name” for Japan (meaning “east” and originally applied to the 15 northern and eastern provinces of Japan), described from Tokyo Bay, Japan [replacement name for Anthias japonicus Döderlein 1883, preoccupied by A. japonicus Bloch 1793]

Plectranthias bauchotae Randall 1980    in honor of Marie-Louise Bauchot (b. 1928), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle (Paris), for her contributions to ichthyology and especially for her kindness in supplying Randall with answers to “endless” questions over the years about specimens under her care

Plectranthias bennetti Allen & Walsh 2015    in honor of Timothy Bennett (b. 1960), Australian diver and marine aquarium-fish collector, who captured holotype

Plectranthias bilaticlavia Paulin & Roberts 1987    bi-, two; laticlavia, having a broad stripe, referring to two dark vertical bands of color on body

Plectranthias cirrhitoides Randall 1980    –oides, having the form of: referring to resemblance in general form, color, and especially the thickened lower pectoral rays to some species of hawkfish (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitidae)

Plectranthias clavatus Wada & Senou 2024    Latin for club-shaped (clavate) but authors translate it as a noun (club), referring to orange-red stripe on sides (which the authors apparently believe is club-shaped) of fresh specimens

Plectranthias cruentus Gill & Roberts 2020    stained or spotted with blood, referring to bright-red markings on body in life

Plectranthias elaine Heemstra & Randall 2009    in honor of Elaine Heemstra (wife of the senior author), for her “numerous and valuable contributions to the study of fishes by her beautiful and accurate paintings and drawings and her astute observations of these fascinating creatures” [a noun in apposition, without the matronymic “ae”]

Plectranthias elongatus Wu, Randall & Chen 2011    named for elongate body relative to congeners

Plectranthias exsul Heemstra & Anderson 1983    exile, the first species of the genus known from the eastern Pacific region

Plectranthias fijiensis Raj & Seeto 1983    –ensis, suffix denoting place: Fiji, where it is endemic

Plectranthias ferrugineus Gill, Pogonoski, Moore & Johnson 2021    rust-colored, referring to freshly dead coloration

Plectranthias flammeus Williams, Delrieu-Trottin & Planes 2013    fiery, referring to brilliant red-and-yellow diagonal streak across lower cheek and red-yellow-orange blotches on body

Plectranthias foresti Fourmanoir 1977    in honor of carcinologist Jacques Forest (1920-2012), who led the MUSORSTOM exploratory cruise (jointly sponsored by the Institut français de Recherche Scientifique pour le Développement en Coopération [ORSTOM] and the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle [Paris]) to the Philippines, during which type was collected

Plectranthias fourmanoiri Randall 1980    in honor of Pierre Fourmanoir (1924-2007), FAO Regional Fisheries Officer, Madagascar, who obtained a specimen and realized that it was a new species; “He kindly abandoned his plan to describe the fish when he heard that [Randall] had previously collected this species and intended to revise the genus”

Plectranthias gardineri (Regan 1908)    in honor of British zoologist John Stanley Gardiner (1872-1946), who led a 1905 expedition to the Indian Ocean, during which type was collected

Plectranthias garrupellus Robins & Starck 1961    diminutive of Garrupa (from the Portuguese garoupa, hence grouper in English), a name long applied to Epinephelus (now Hyporthodus) nigritus, which this species resembles in body shape and form of dorsal fin

Plectranthias grahami Gill, Pogonoski, Moore & Johnson 2021    in honor of Ken Graham (b. 1947), Fisheries Biologist, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, who collected type and has “contributed extensively to our knowledge of New South Wales trawl fishes and invertebrates”; he also noted that this is the only specimen of the species he has ever collected, despite several decades of extensive exploratory trawling in similar depths off the New South Wales coast

Plectranthias helenae Randall 1980    in honor of Randall’s wife Helen, “in gratitude for her encouragement and assistance in this and other ichthyological studies”

Plectranthias hinano Shepherd, Phelps, Pinheiro, Rocha & Rocha 2020    in honor of Teurumereariki Hinano Teavai Murphy, former associate director of the University of California Berkeley Gump Research Station and president of the cultural association Te Pu Atitia, for her significant contributions to Polynesian biocultural heritage and field research in Moorea, French Polynesia [presumably a noun in apposition, without the matronymic “ae”]

Plectranthias inermis Randall 1980    unarmed, referring to lack of spines and serrae on preopercle, small outer canine teeth of upper jaw, and lack of canines in the lower jaw

Plectranthias intermedius (Kotthaus 1973)    intermediate in characters (e.g., dorsal fin slightly notched instead of divided or deeply notched) between P. gardineri and P. longimanus

Plectranthias japonicus (Steindachner 1883)    Japanese, i.e., described from Japan (occurs in southeastern Indian Ocean and western Pacific from Philippines north to Taiwan and Japan, and off the Northern Territory of Australia

)Plectranthias jothyi Randall 1996    in honor of Alexander A. Jothy, formerly of the Fisheries Research Institute of Penang, Malaysia, who collected type

Plectranthias kamii Randall 1980    in honor of Harry T. Kami, Division of Fish and Wildlife on Guam, who donated type to the Bishop Museum (Honolulu) and suspected that it might represent an undescribed species

Plectranthias kelloggi (Jordan & Evermann 1903)     in honor of entomologist Vernon Lyman Kellogg (1867-1937), Jordan’s colleague at Stanford University

Plectranthias klausewitzi Zajonz 2006    in honor of Wolfgang Klausewitz (1922-2018), for his “outstanding” contribution to fish taxonomy and his “pioneering concepts” of the zoogeography of the Indian Ocean

Plectranthias knappi Randall 1996    in honor of Smithsonian ichthyologist Leslie W. Knapp (1929-2017), who collected type and recognized it as probably representing an undescribed species

Plectranthias kojiorum Koeda, Muto & Wada 2021   –orum, commemorative suffix, plural: in honor of Koji Abe, Cube International, and Koji Wada, Blue Harbor Aquarium Factory (Osaka, Japan), who collected and donated holotype, respectively [originally spelled kojii, which the authors emended to kojiorum in a published corrigendum since name honors more than one person]

Plectranthias lasti Randall & Hoese 1995    in honor of ichthyologist Peter R. Last, CSIRO Division of Fisheries, who collected paratype, recognized it as undescribed, and made it available to the authors

Plectranthias longimanus (Weber 1913)    longus, long; manus, hand, referring to greatly elongated third and fourth rays of pectoral fin, extending to anal-fin base

Plectranthias maculicauda (Regan 1914)    macula, spot; cauda, tail, referring to large dark spot on each side of caudal peduncle

Plectranthias maekawa Wada, Senou & Motomura 2018    in honor of Takanori Maekawa (and the Maekawa Fisheries Co., Ltd.), who “kindly” supported the authors’ ichthyofaunal research in the Ryukyu Islands of Japan (type locality) [a noun in apposition, without the patronymic “i”]

Plectranthias maugei Randall 1980    in honor of accountant-turned-ichthyologist André L. Maugé (1922-2008), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle (Paris), who collected type specimens and made drawing of holotype [Randall gave Maugé’s initials as “L. A.”]

Plectranthias mcgroutheri Gill, Pogonoski, Moore & Johnson 2021    in honor of friend and colleague Mark McGrouther (b. 1958), former collections manager at Australian Museum (Sydney), who collected holotype and six of the paratypes, for his contribution to Australian ichthyology and support given to all the authors over an extended timeframe

Plectranthias megalepis (Günther 1880)    mega-, large; lepis, scale, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to larger scales compared with presumed congeners in Anthias

Plectranthias megalophthalmus Fourmanoir & Randall 1979    mega-, large; ophthalmus, eye, having the largest eye in the genus, probably an adaptation for life in relatively deep water (taken at 360 m)

Plectranthias melanesius Randall 1980    Melanesian, proposed as a Melanesian subspecies of the Japanese-Hawaiian P. kelloggi

Plectranthias moretonensis Gill, Pogonoski, Moore & Johnson 2021    –ensis, suffix denoting place: off Stradbroke Island, Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia, type locality

Plectranthias morgansi (Smith 1961)    in honor of John Frederick Croil Morgans, research assistant, Zoology Department, University of Cape Town (South Africa), who sent type to Smith

Plectranthias nanus Randall 1980    dwarf, referring to small size, described as reaching 39.8 mm SL

Plectranthias nazcae Anderson 2008    of the Nazca Ridge, depth 185-200 m, southeastern Pacific, only known area of occurrence

Plectranthias normanby Fricke 2021    named for Normanby Island, Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea, type locality

Plectranthias parini Anderson & Randall 1991    in honor of ichthyologist Nikolai Vasil’evich Parin (1932-2012), Russian Academy of Sciences, who provided holotype and a color transparency of it

Plectranthias pelicieri Randall & Shimizu 1994    in honor of Daniel Pelicier (1946-2018), aquarium fish collector and exporter in Flic en Flac (a village in Mauritius), who collected all of the type specimens and provided one of the photographs the authors used

Plectranthias polygonius Shepherd, Phelps, Pinheiro, Rocha & Rocha 2020    polygon, referring to orange rhomboid-shaped polygons arranged in parallel rows along lateral midline

Plectranthias purpuralepis Tang, Lai & Ho 2020    purpura, purple; lepis, scales, referring to distinct purple color only present after preservation

Plectranthias randalli Fourmanoir & Rivaton 1980    in honor of ichthyologist John E. Randall (1924-2020), Bishop Museum (Honolulu), whose in-press (1980) revision of the genus was cited by the authors

Plectranthias retrofasciatus Fourmanoir & Randall 1979    retro-, backward; fasciatus, banded, referring to two prominent orange-red bars posteriorly on body of living specimens

Plectranthias robertsi Randall & Hoese 1995    in honor of Clive D. Roberts, Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, who first recognized this species as undescribed from a single specimen taken in Capricorn Channel off Queensland and had plans to name it when more material was collected; when he heard of the authors’ research on the species, he “kindly” made his specimen available to them

Plectranthias rubrifasciatus Fourmanoir & Randall 1979    rubri-, red; fasciatus, banded, referring to Y-shaped orange-red bar posteriorly on head and three orange-red bars on body

Plectranthias ryukyuensis Wada, Suzuki, Senou & Motomura 2020    –ensis, suffix denoting place: Ryukyu Islands of Japan, type locality (and only known area of occurrence)

Plectranthias sagamiensis (Katayama 1964)    –ensis, suffix denoting place: Sagami Bay, Japan, type locality (occurs in western Pacific from Philippines north to Japan)

Plectranthias sheni Chen & Shao 2002    in honor of Shieh-Chieh Shen, National Taiwan University, who obtained holotype and most paratype specimens and deposited them at his university

Plectranthias takasei Gill, Tea & Senou 2016    in honor of Wataru Takase, who collected type and provided “excellent” underwater photographs

Plectranthias taylori Randall 1980    in honor of Leighton R. Taylor, Jr. (b. 1940), director of the Waikiki Aquarium, ichthyologist of the University of Hawaii, and principal collector of type

Plectranthias vexillarius Randall 1980    –arius, pertaining to: vexillum, flag or banner, referring to long, banner-like extension from membrane tip of each dorsal spine

Plectranthias wheeleri Randall 1980    in honor of Alwyne C. Wheeler (1929-2005), Curator of Fishes at the British Museum (Natural History), “as an expression of gratitude for the assistance he has provided the author for many years”

Plectranthias whiteheadi Randall 1980    in honor of ichthyologist Peter J. P. Whitehead (1930-1993), British Museum (Natural History)

Plectranthias winniensis (Tyler 1966)    –ensis, suffix denoting place: Winnie’s, a “most pleasant place on the island of Mahé in the Seychelles” (described from the Seychelles but occurs elsewhere in the Red Sea and Indo-West Pacific, from East and South Africa, Comoro Islands, Mascarenes, and Fiji, east to Hawaiian Islands and Tuamotu Archipelago, Japan, south to New Caledonia and Tonga)

Plectranthias xanthomaculatus Wu, Randall & Chen 2011    xanthos, yellow; maculatus, spotted, referring to yellow blotches on sides and upper body of living specimens

Plectranthias yamakawai Yoshino 1972    in honor of ichthyologist Takeshi Yamakawa (b. 1942), Kochi University, who first collected and reported this species as P. anthioides in 1968

Pronotogrammus Gill 1863    pro-, before; notos, back; grammus, line, referring to lateral line of P. multifasciatus, running high on body, close to dorsal fin

Pronotogrammus martinicensis (Guichenot 1868)    –ensis, suffix denoting place: off Martinique Island, West Indies, type locality (occurs in western Atlantic from North Carolina [USA] and Bermuda south to Rio Grande do Norte [Brazil], including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea)

Pronotogrammus multifasciatus Gill 1863    multi-, many; fasciatus, banded, referring to ~20 thin and short rufous bands on upper body

Pseudanthias Bleeker 1871    pseudo-, false, i.e., a false Anthias, presumably referring to previous placement of type species (P. pleurotaenia) and several other species in Anthias and its close relationship with that genus

Pseudanthias bimaculatus (Smith 1955)    bi-, two; maculatus, spotted, referring to two large red blotches on dorsal fin

Pseudanthias calloura Ida & Sakaue 2001    calli-, beautiful; oura, tail, referring to distinctively colorful caudal fin

Pseudanthias caudalis Kamohara & Katayama 1959    of the tail, allusion not explained, probably referring to filamentous caudal-fin lobes

Pseudanthias charleneae Allen & Erdmann 2008    in honor of Charlene, Princess of Monaco, née Charlene Lynette Wittstock (b. 1978), name at the request of HSH Prince Albert II of Monaco, who successfully bid to support the conservation of this species at the Blue Auction in Monaco on 20 September 2007 and has given generously to support Conservation International’s Bird’s Head Seascape marine conservation initiative

Pseudanthias cichlops (Bleeker 1853)    named for being “somewhat similar” (translation) in form or appearance to Cichlops (=Labracinus, Ovalenteria: Pseudochromidae)

Pseudanthias connelli (Heemstra & Randall 1986)    in honor of marine biologist Allan D. Connell (1943-2016), who recognized its undescribed status and collected all of the type specimens (per Heemstra & Akhilesh 2010)

Pseudanthias conspicuus (Heemstra 1973)    readily seen or prominent, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to its obvious sexual dichromaticism even after eight years in 70% ethanol: males with two dark stripes along body, females with diagonal rows of small dark spots on upper body

Pseudanthias cooperi (Regan 1902)    in honor of paleontologist Clive Forster Cooper (1880-1947), a member of 1900 expedition to Maldive and Laccadive islands, during which type was collected

Pseudanthias elongatus (Franz 1910)    elongate, referring to more elongate body compared to Anthias japonicus (=Plectranthias kelloggi), its presumed congener at the time

Pseudanthias emma Gill & Psomadakis 2018    in honor of the junior author’s daughter, Emma [a noun in apposition, without the matronymic “ae”]

Pseudanthias engelhardi (Allen & Starck 1982)    in honor of the late Charles W. Englehard, Jr. (1917-1971), American businessman in mining, metals and horse racing, and his family, for their “numerous and generous philanthropic contributions” (the Charles Engelhard Foundation supported the junior author’s long-term ecological research on the northern Great Barrier Reef) [preferably spelled engelhardorum since name honors more than one person, but ICZN 32.5.1 forbids such a correction]

Pseudanthias fasciatus (Kamohara 1955)    banded, referring to yellow longitudinal band from tip of snout to middle of caudal-fin base

Pseudanthias flavicauda (Randall & Pyle 2001)    flavus, yellow; cauda, tail, referring to yellow caudal fin of both sexes

Pseudanthias fucinus (Randall & Ralston 1985)    Latin for colored with orchil (a violet dye), referring to horizontal stripes of violet and yellow on head and body

Pseudanthias georgei (Allen 1976)    in honor of Ray W. George (b. 1929), Curator of Crustacea, Western Australian Museum (Perth), who collected type

Pseudanthias gibbosus (Klunzinger 1884)    humpbacked, presumably referring to distinctly convex head of large males

Pseudanthias hangapiko Shepherd, Pinheiro, Phelps, Pérez-Matus & Rocha 2021    named for Hanga Piko (meaning “hidden bay” in the Rapa Nui language), Rapa Nui (Easter Island), type locality

Pseudanthias heemstrai Schuhmacher, Krupp & Randall 1989    in honor of ichthyologist Phillip C. Heemstra (1941-2019), South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, for his research on anthiine fishes

Pseudanthias hiva Randall & Pyle 2001    named for Hiva, which, according to legend, is an old Polynesian name for the Marquesas Islands, where this species is endemic

Pseudanthias huchtii (Bleeker 1857)    in honor of Guillaume Louis Jacques (Willem) van der Hucht (1812-1874), Dutch hunter, soldier, tea-planter, taxidermist and dealer; he owned a “fine collection” (translation) of Moluccan fishes, from which he allowed Bleeker to take any he believed new to science, including this one

Pseudanthias hutomoi (Allen & Burhanuddin 1976)    in honor of oceanographer Malikusworo Hutomo (Lembaga Oseanologi Nasional, Jakarta), who assisted in collecting type specimens

Pseudanthias hypselosoma Bleeker 1877    hypselo-, high; soma, body, referring to “less stocky” (translation, from Bleeker 1878) body compared to P. manadensis

Pseudanthias leucozonus (Katayama & Masuda 1982)    leukos, white; zonus, band, referring to whitish vertical bar on sides

Pseudanthias lunulatus (Kotthaus 1973)    somewhat moon shaped, referring to black half-moon-shaped spot in iris

Pseudanthias luzonensis (Katayama & Masuda 1983)    –ensis, suffix denoting place: off Batangas, Luzon Island, Philippines, type locality (occurs in western Pacific from Indonesia east to Vanuatu and Fiji, north to Taiwan and Ryukyu Islands, south to northern Australia)

Pseudanthias manadensis (Bleeker 1856)    –ensis, suffix denoting place: Manado, Sulawesi, Indonesia, type locality (also occurs off Papua New Guinea)

Pseudanthias marcia Randall & Hoover 1993    in honor of Marcia A. Stone, wife of the junior author [a noun in apposition, without the matronymic “ae”]

Pseudanthias mica Allen & Erdmann 2012    in honor of the junior author’s daughter, Mica [presumably a noun in apposition, without the matronymic “ae”]

Pseudanthias mooreanus (Herre 1935)    –anus, belonging to: Moorea Island, Society Islands, type locality (also occurs at Tuamotu and Pitcairn islands in the South Pacific)

Pseudanthias nobilis (Franz 1910)    well-known or excellent, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to attractive appearance of any or all of the following: extended fourth dorsal-fin ray, lyre-shaped caudal-fin ray, yellowish body color in alcohol

Pseudanthias olivaceus (Randall & McCosker 1982)    olive-colored, referring to olive ground color, then unknown in its original genus, Anthias

Pseudanthias oumati Williams, Delrieu-Trottin & Planes 2013    oumati, Marquesan word for sun, referring to brilliant yellow color of body and fins

Pseudanthias paralourgus Gill, Pogonoski, Johnson & Tea 2021    edged with purple (para-, near, and [ha]lourgus, sea-purple, i.e., a purple dye obtained from certain marine molluscs), referring to distinctive purple-tipped caudal-fin lobes

Pseudanthias pictilis (Randall & Allen 1978)    painted, referring to “striking” color pattern of both sexes

Pseudanthias pillai Heemstra & Akhilesh 2012    in honor of N. Gopala Krishna Pillai, Scientist Emeritus, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), former Principal Scientist and Head of the Division of Pelagic Fisheries, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), India, and former Director in charge of CMFRI, for his “valuable contributions to the better understanding of marine fishes and the fisheries of India” [presumably a noun in apposition, without the patronymic “i”]

Pseudanthias pleurotaenia (Bleeker 1857)    pleuro-, side; taenia, band, referring to two purplish (described as pale pink) stripes from eye along sides to caudal-fin base on females and juveniles

Pseudanthias pulcherrimus (Heemstra & Randall 1986)    most beautiful, presumably referring to coloration in life (e.g., males dark red to dark pink, females and juveniles pink with yellow caudal fin)

Pseudanthias randalli (Lubbock & Allen 1978)    in honor of ichthyologist John E. Randall (1924-2020), Bishop Museum (Honolulu), who was the first to collect it, and who “kindly” provided the authors with specimens

Pseudanthias rubrizonatus (Randall 1983)    rubri-, red; zonatus, belted or girdled, referring to prominent red bar on body of male

Pseudanthias rubrolineatus (Fourmanoir & Rivaton 1979)    rubro-, red; lineatus, lined, referring to red stripe originating slightly above pectoral-fin base, curving upwards before terminating at upper portion of caudal peduncle

Pseudanthias sheni Randall & Allen 1989    in honor of David Shen, who showed his underwater photograph of the male of this species to the senior author and expressed his belief that it represented an undescribed species allied to P. pleurotaenia

Pseudanthias squamipinnis (Peters 1855)    squamus, scale; pinnis, fin, referring to fins being “covered with rather large scales high above their base” (translation)

Pseudanthias taeniatus (Klunzinger 1884)    banded, referring to three wide, white longitudinal bands on sides of male

Pseudanthias taira Schmidt 1931    named for the “Japanese hero” Taira Aimori (also spelled Aomori), presumably a member of the 12-century Taira samurai clan that dominated Japanese politics in the 12th century, whose grave Schmidt said is on Amami-Oshima Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan (type locality), near the village Urakami [presumably a noun in apposition, without the patronymic “i”]

Pseudanthias tequila Gill, Tea & Senou 2017    named for the alcoholic beverage “tequila sunrise,” referring to “vibrant” life colors of the male (purple to pink with orange-red stripe, dorsal fin greenish yellow anteriorly, posteriorly red with blue basal area, anterior part of anal fin red, and pelvic fins bright yellow)

Pseudanthias thompsoni (Fowler 1923)    in honor of John W. Thompson, artist and modeler at the Bishop Museum (Honolulu), who obtained type

Pseudanthias townsendi (Boulenger 1897)    in honor of Capt. Frederick William Townsend (d. 1948), Commander, Indian Cable-Ship Patrick Stewart, who collected many fishes and molluscs while doing cable work in the Persian Gulf, including type of this species

Pseudanthias venator Snyder 1911    hunter, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to “bow-shaped bar” extending from base of spinous dorsal fin to base of anal fin (i.e., like a hunter’s bow)

Pyronotanthias Gill 2022    pyros, fire, and notos, back, referring to characteristic red blotches or stripes on upper caudal peduncle and beneath posterior part of dorsal fin of all included species; Anthias, type genus of subfamily   

Pyronotanthias aurulentus (Randall & McCosker 1982)    ornamented with gold, referring to yellow markings on head, body and caudal fin

Pyronotanthias bimarginatus (Randall 2011)    bi-, two; marginatus, edged or bordered, referring to broad, lavender-blue, upper and lower margins of caudal fin (compared to upper lobe only as in P. unimarginatus, described in the same paper)

Pyronotanthias flavoguttatus (Katayama & Masuda 1980)    flavus, yellow; guttatus, spotted, referring to yellow spots on body, arranged in irregular, wavy or broken horizontal lines

Pyronotanthias lori (Lubbock & Randall 1976)    in honor of Randall’s daughter Lori; the specimen used in the illustration was collected on her birthday (per Randall & Lubbock 1981) [a noun in apposition, without the matronymic “ae”]

Pyronotanthias parvirostris (Randall & Lubbock 1981)    parvus, small; rostris, snout, referring to relatively short snout, 4.6 to 5.6 in head

Pyronotanthias privitera (Randall & Pyle 2001)    in honor of Lisa A. Privitera, wife of the junior author, who provided assistance to him during the collection of the type specimens [a noun in apposition, without the matronymic “ae”]

Pyronotanthias smithvanizi (Randall & Lubbock 1981)    in honor of William F. Smith-Vaniz (b. 1941), then of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, who “kindly” made his Cocos-Keeling specimens of this species available to the authors, and which he independently determined represented an undescribed species

Pyronotanthias timanoa (Victor, Teitelbaum & Randall 2020)    a “euphonious amalgamation” of the second author’s three children’s names: Timothée, Maëlle and Noa

Pyronotanthias unimarginatus (Randall 2011)    uni-, one; marginatus, edged or bordered, referring to colorful broad margin dorsally on upper caudal-fin lobe (but not on both lobes as in P. bimarginatus, described in the same paper)

Rabaulichthys Allen 1984    named for Rabaul (New Britain Island, Bismarck Archipelago, Papua New Guinea), town just west of type locality of R. altipinnis; ichthys, fish

Rabaulichthys altipinnis Allen 1984    altus, high; pinnis, fin, referring to tall, sail-like dorsal fin of males

Rabaulichthys squirei Randall & Walsh 2010    in honor of Cadel Squire, marine aquarium-fish exporter (Queensland, Australia), who collected most of the type specimens (see also Cirrhilabrus squirei, Labriformes: Labridae)

Rabaulichthys stigmaticus Randall & Pyle 1989    marked, referring to two distinctive dark markings: a pale-edged dark blotch posteriorly on sides and a black band in soft portion of dorsal fin

Rabaulichthys suzukii Masuda & Randall 2001    in honor of Keiu Suzuki, who has served as an assistant to the senior author for more than 12 years and helped collect holotype

Sacura Jordan & Richardson 1910    from Sakuradai, Japanese name for S. margaritacea, Sakura being the Japanese cherry, referring to its red coloration

Sacura boulengeri (Heemstra 1973)    in honor of ichthyologist-herpetologist George A. Boulenger (1858-1937), who described this species as Anthias formosus in 1889 but used a preoccupied name

Sacura margaritacea (Hilgendorf 1879)    pearly, referring to pearlescent spots on sides of adult male

Sacura parva Heemstra & Randall 1979    small, referring to small size of adult-male holotype (67 mm SL) relative to congeners

Sacura sanguinea    Motomura, Yoshida & Vilasri 2017blood red, referring to red longitudinal broad band on posterior body and red spots on caudal fin

Sacura speciosa Heemstra & Randall 1979    beautiful or splendid, presumably referring to attractive appearance of purple-lavender head, orange body with wide orangish-white vertical bar, and yellow fins

Selenanthias Tanaka 1918    selene, moon, referring to crescent-shaped caudal fin of S. analis formed by its “slightly produced lobes”; Anthias, type genus of subfamily, i.e., an anthiine fish

Selenanthias analis Tanaka 1918     anal, presumably referring to “blackish ill-defined patch a little smaller than eye diameter on margin” of middle anal-fin rays

Selenanthias barroi (Fourmanoir 1982)    in honor of Mamadou Barro, ORSTOM (Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique d’Outre-Mer), who collected type from aboard the research vessel Vauban

Selenanthias myersi Randall 1995    in honor of Robert F. Myers (b. 1953), coral-reef biologist and underwater photographer, who recognized specimens from Guam as undescribed and sent them to the Bishop Museum (Honolulu), where Randall worked

Serranocirrhitus Watanabe 1949     etymology not explained, presumably a combination of Serranus (i.e., a serranid fish, allusion not explained but probably not serra, saw, since preopercle is not serrated) and Cirrhitus (Centrarchifoirmes: Cirrhitidae), believed to be a cirrhitid fish that closely resembles Cyprinocirrhites ui (=polyactis)

Serranocirrhitus latus Watanabe 1949    wide, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to “highly elevated” body compared to elongate body of the similar Cyprinocirrhites ui (=polyactis), a cirrhitid (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitidae)

Tosana Smith & Pope 1906    –ana, belonging to: Tosa (now Kochi Province), Japan, where type locality of T. niwae (Urado Bay) is situated; Smith & Pope added that “Tosa” is an ancient Japanese name meaning “the brave good youth,” and quote an 1893 traveler’s handbook on Japan that remarked, the “province continues to justify its name for bravery and ability; no men have aided more than the Tosa men to bring about the renovation of Japan”

Tosana dampieriensis Gill, Pogonoski, Johnson & Tea 2021    –ensis, suffix denoting place: Dampierian Province, a biogeographic region extending from approximately Geraldton in Western Australia across northern Australia to Cape York, approximating the distribution of this species

Tosana longipinnis Gill, Pogonoski, Johnson & Tea 2021    longus, long; pinnis, fin, referring to relatively long pectoral fin (28.9–35.3% SL)

Tosana niwae Smith & Pope 1906    in honor of Hiwashi Niwa, director of the Fishery Experiment Station of Kochi Prefecture at Susaki, Tosa, Japan [although named after a man, some classically trained zoologists latinized the names of individuals whose names ended with the letter “a” by adding an “e” to the spelling]

Tosanoides Kamohara 1953    –oides, having the form of: related to Tosana but differing in having dorsal fin with first, instead of third, spine the longest, and lateral line making a distinct bend below last rays of dorsal fin

Tosanoides annepatrice Pyle, Greene, Copus & Randall 2018    in honor of Anne Patrice Greene, mother of the second author, for the “support and encouragement she has consist-ently provided to [her son’s] exploration of the deep coral reefs of Micronesia” [a noun in apposition, without the matronymic “ae”]

Tosanoides aphrodite Pinheiro, Rocha & Rocha 2018    named for Aphrodite, ancient Greek goddess of love and beauty; while the two senior authors were collecting this fish, a large Six-gill Shark (Hexan-chus griseus) came very close to both of them, but that didn’t divert their attention from this “exquisitely beautiful” species, and they never even saw the shark; “The beauty of the Aphrodite anthias enchanted us during its discovery much like Aphrodite’s beauty enchanted ancient Greek gods.”

Tosanoides bennetti Allen & Walsh 2019    in honor of Timothy Bennett (b. 1960), Australian diver and marine aquarium-fish collector, who captured type with a handnet

Tosanoides filamentosus Kamohara 1953    referring to filamentous middle rays of anal fin and/or filamentous upper and lower rays of caudal fin

Tosanoides flavofasciatus Katayama & Masuda 1980    flavus, yellow; fasciatus, banded, referring to yellow stripes or bands on body and fins of both sexes (although their number and arrangement differ)

Tosanoides obama Pyle, Greene & Kosaki 2016     n honor of Barack H. Obama (b. 1961), 44th President of the United States, for his “efforts to protect and preserve the natural environment, particularly through his decision to expand the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument several weeks after the discovery of this new species” [a noun in apposition, without the patronymic “i”]

Trachypoma Günther 1859    trachy, rough or spinous; poma, lid or covering, referring to forwardly directed “spinous teeth” at lower limb of preoperculum

Trachypoma macracanthus Günther 1859    macro-, long; acanthus, thorn or spine, presumably referring to “very long and strong” anal-fin spine, longer than any of its dorsal-spines and exceeding even half the height of the body