Revised 25 Feb. 2024
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Brochiloricaria Isbrücker & Nijssen 1979 brochus (L.), projecting, referring to protruding teeth; Loricaria, type genus of subfamily

Brochiloricaria chauliodon Isbrücker 1979 chaúlios (Gr. χαύλιος), gaping or bloated (but probably used here to mean prominent); odon, Latinized and grammatically adjusted from the Greek nominative ὀδούς (odoús), tooth, referring to its protruding teeth

Brochiloricaria macrodon (Kner 1853) macro-, from makrós (Gr. μακρός), long or large; odon, Latinized and grammatically adjusted from the Greek nominative ὀδούς (odoús), tooth, referring to its long, protruding teeth

Cheilonimata Provenzano 2023 cheī́los (Gr. χεῖλος), lip; nimata, from nimátia (Gr. νημάτια), threads or filaments, referring to cylindrical, elongated, unbranched and fleshy barblets over lower lip surface

Cheilonimata minuta Provenzano 2023 Latin for small, a “trait exhibited by the analyzed specimens”

Cheilonimata papillosa (Crispim-Rodrigues, Bernt, Waltz, Silva, Benine, Oliveira, Covain & Roxo 2023) Latin for papillose, referring to numerous elongated papillae present on lower lip of specimens examined

Crossoloricaria Isbrücker 1979 crosso-, from krossós (Gr. κροσσός), fringe or tassel, referring to flexible filamentous expansions of surface and margin of lips; Loricaria, type genus of family

Crossoloricaria cephalaspis Isbrücker 1979 named after Cephalaspis Agassiz 1835, a fossil ostracaderm, with which it “bears a striking resemblance” (translation)

Crossoloricaria variegata (Steindachner 1879) Latin for “of different sorts” (particularly colors), referring to its varied color pattern, small brownish bands and spots on sides and top of head, mottled dark-purple fins (except for anal), and arrowhead-shaped spots on pelvic fins

Crossoloricaria venezuelae (Schultz 1944) of Venezuela, referring to type locality in Lake Maracaibo drainage, and to the “courtesy shown [to Schultz] while collecting specimens there in 1942”

Cteniloricaria Isbrücker & Nijssen 1979 cteno-, from ktenós (Gr. κτενός), comb, referring to fine, comb-like teeth of C. platystoma; Loricaria, type genus of subfamily

Cteniloricaria napova Covain & Fisch-Muller 2012 Trio-Wayana Amerindian word meaning “thank you,” honoring the Trio people from Sipaliwini (Suriname-Brazil border), who offered the authors this catfish

Cteniloricaria platystoma (Günther 1868) wide-mouthed, from platýs (Gr. πλατύς), wide or broad, and stóma (Gr. στόμα), mouth its “mouth broad,” according to Günther

Dasyloricaria Isbrücker & Nijssen 1979 dasýs (Gr. δασύς), hairy or shaggy, referring to hypertrophied odontodes that form brushes on lateral surfaces of head in mature males; Loricaria, type genus of subfamily

Dasyloricaria filamentosa (Steindachner 1878) Latin for filamentous, referring to its long, filamentous upper caudal-fin ray

Dasyloricaria latiura (Eigenmann & Vance 1912) broad-tailed, from latus (L.), broad or wide, and ourá (Gr. οὐρά), tail, referring to wider tail compared with D. filamentosa

Dasyloricaria paucisquama Londoño-Burbano & Reis 2016 paucus (L.), few; squama (L.), scale or plate, referring to smaller number of central abdominal plates compared with congeners

Dentectus Martín Salazar, Isbrücker & Nijssen 1982 dens (L.), tooth; tectus (L.), covered, concealed or disguised, referring to teeth “invisible” in normally preserved specimens, but easily observed in specimens that are cleared and stained

Dentectus barbarmatus Martín Salazar, Isbrücker & Nijssen 1982 barbus, from barba (L.), beard; armatus (L.), armed with a weapon, referring to dermal ossifications (small scutelets) on barbels

Farlowella Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889 –ella (L.), diminutive connoting endearment: in honor of American physician and botanist (specializing in algae) William Gilson Farlow (1844–1919), Harvard University

Farlowella acus (Kner 1853) Latin for needle, referring to its long, needle-like shape

Farlowella altocorpus Retzer 2006 alto-, from altus (L.), high or deep; corpus (L.), body, referring to its relatively high or deep body relative to most other Farlowella species

Farlowella amazonum (Günther 1864) –anum (L.), belonging to: Amazon River at Santarém, Pará State, Brazil, type locality

Farlowella azpelicuetae Terán, Ballen, Alonso, Aguilera & Mirande 2019 in honor of María de las Mercedes Azpelicueta, National University of La Plata, for her “prominent” contributions to ichthyology, especially to the systematics of Argentinian fishes; she described numerous species and was “essential” to the formation of subsequent generations of freshwater fish systematists in Argentina

Farlowella colombiensis Retzer & Page 1997 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Colombia, where it is endemic

Farlowella curtirostra Myers 1942 curtus (L.), shortened; rostra, unnecessary masculinization of rostrum (L.), snout, referring to its “exceptionally short” snout

Farlowella gianetii Ballen, Pastana & Peixoto 2016 in honor of Michel Donato Gianeti, collection manager at the ichthyological collection of the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, for “kind assistance” provided during visits to the collection and through loan/data request management

Farlowella gladiolus (Günther 1864) diminutive of gladius (L.), sword, referring to its “sword-shaped” snout

Farlowella gracilis Regan 1904 Latin for thin or slender, referring to its body shape

Farlowella hahni Meinken 1937 in honor of friend and “fish connoisseur” Carlos Hahn (Corrientes, Argentina), for “many stimulating observations [via mail] on numerous fishes, from outdoors and aquaria” (translation), and for providing holotype from his collection

Farlowella hasemani Eigenmann & Vance 1917 in honor of American zoologist John D. Haseman (1882–1969), Eigenmann’s student and field collector for the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, who collected holotype

Farlowella henriquei Miranda Ribeiro 1918 in honor of Capt. Henrique Silva (no other information available), who collected holotype

Farlowella isbruckeri Retzer & Page 1997 in honor of Dutch ichthyologist Isaäc J. H. Isbrücker (b. 1944), Zoölogisch Museum, Amsterdam, for his “enormous” contribution to the taxonomy of loricariid catfishes [sometimes spelled isbrueckeri but ICZN Art. 32.5.1-2 does not apply]

Farlowella jauruensis Eigenmann & Vance 1917 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Jauru, Mato Grosso, Brazil, type locality

Farlowella knerii (Steindachner 1882) in honor of Steindachner’s friend and colleague, Austrian ichthyologist Rudolf Kner (1810–1869), who described F. acus and F. oxyrryncha in 1853

Farlowella mariaelenae Martín Salazar 1964 in honor of Martín Salazar’s “great companion” (translation) and wife, María Elena

Farlowella martini Fernández-Yépez 1972 in honor of Venezuelan ichthyologist Felipe José Martín Salazar (b. 1930), who revised the Venezuelan species of this genus in 1964

Farlowella mitoupibo Ballen, Urbano-Bonilla & Zamudio 2016 from mito-upibo, the name applied by the Guahibo people of Colombia to fishes of the genus Farlowella

Farlowella myriodon (Isbrücker, Britski, Nijssen & Ortega 1983 myríos (Gr. μυρίος), countless; odon, Latinized and grammatically adjusted from the Greek nominative ὀδούς (odoús), tooth, referring to exceptionally high number of teeth compared with other species in the subfamily

Farlowella nattereri Steindachner 1910 in honor of Austrian naturalist Johann Natterer (1787–1843), who explored South America and collected specimens for 18 years, including holotype of this species

Farlowella odontotumulus Retzer & Page 1997 odontos, Latinized and grammatically adjusted from the Greek nominative ὀδούς (odoús), tooth; tumulus (L.), mound, referring to knobs of breeding odontodes on fourth row of lateral scutes

Farlowella oxyrryncha (Kner 1853) sharp-snouted, from oxýs (Gr. ὀξύς), sharp, and rhýnchos (Gr. ῥύγχος), snout, referring to its long and narrow snout

Farlowella paraguayensis Retzer & Page 1997 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Río Paraguay (Paraguay and Brazil), where it is endemic

Farlowella reticulata Boeseman 1971 Latin for net-like or netted, referring to reticulate pattern formed by scutes on head and anterior part of body

Farlowella rugosa Boeseman 1971 Latin for wrinkled, referring to wrinkled appearance or surface structure of latero-ventral scutes

Farlowella schreitmuelleri Arnold 1936 in honor of German aquarist Wilhelm Schreitmüller (1870–1945), who provided holotype [name often credited to Ahl 1936, but Arnold made the name available in an aquarium publication before Ahl’s description was published]

Farlowella smithi Fowler 1913 in honor of Edgar A. Smith (d. 1953), member of the Madeira-Mamoré expedition (1907–1912) commissioned by the Brazilian Government to build a railway along the banks of the Rio Madeira, who collected holotype

Farlowella taphorni Retzer & Page 1997 in honor of American ichthyologist Donald C. Taphorn (b. 1951), then with Universidad Nacional Experimental de los Llanos Orientales “Ezequiel Zamora” (Guanare, Venezuela), for his contributions to Neotropical ichthyology and assistance to the authors’ study

Farlowella venezuelensis Martín Salazar 1964 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Venezuela, where it is endemic

Farlowella vittata Myers 1942 Latin for banded, referring to broad, deep-brown band “on each side, from rostrum, including eye, and losing itself after the dorsal and anal fins”

Farlowella wuyjugu Dopazo, Wosiacki & Britto 2023 from Wuy jugu, the self-denomination of indigenous people known in Brazil as Munduruku, who are located in different regions and territories in the states of Pará, Amazonas and Mato Grosso, including the region of the lower Tapajós River, where this catfish occurs

Farlowella yarigui Ballen & Mojica 2014 an “arbitrary combination of letters” alluding to the Parque Nacional Natural Serranía de los Yariguíes, Departamento de Santander, Colombia, in recognition of its conservation efforts in the Eastern Colombian Andes, where this catfish occurs

Fonchiiloricaria Rodriguez, Ortega & Covain 2011 in honor of the late Fonchii Chang (1963–1999), Peruvian ichthyologist of Chinese and Japanese ancestry, Museo de Historia Natural (Lima, Peru), who first collected this species and recognized it as new [she died, along with her motorista, in a boat accident near Lake Rimachi, Peru; she was wearing rubber boots, which filled with water and anchored her to the bottom, where she was shocked by an electric eel, knocked unconscious and drowned]; Loricaria, type genus of subfamily

Fonchiiloricaria nanodon Rodriguez, Ortega & Covain 2011 nano, from nánnos (Gr. νάννος) or nā́nos (νᾶνος), dwarf (authors say reduced); odon, Latinized and grammatically adjusted from the Greek nominative ὀδούς (odoús), tooth, referring to 1–3 premaxillary teeth that are greatly reduced in size compared with all other genera in the subfamily

Furcodontichthys Rapp Py-Daniel 1981 furca (L.), fork, odontos, Latinized and grammatically adjusted from the Greek nominative ὀδούς (odoús), tooth, referring to its bilobed teeth, “like a fork” (translation); ichthýs (Gr. ἰχθύς), fish

Furcodontichthys novaesi Rapp Py-Daniel 1981 in honor of Brazilian ornithologist Fernando da Costa Novaes (1927–2004), Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi (Belém, Brazil), who collected the paratypes

Harttia Steindachner 1877 –ia (L. suffix), belonging to: Charles Frederick Hartt (1840–1878), Canadian geologist, paleontologist and naturalist, who collected many specimens during the Thayer Expedition (1865–1866) to Brazil that Steindachner studied

Harttia absaberi Oyakawa, Fichberg & Langeani 2013 in honor of Brazilian geographer Aziz Nacib Ab’Sáber (1924–2012), “whose contributions represent a landmark in the knowledge of geography, ecology and geomorphology of the Brazilian territory”

Harttia canastra Caldas, Cherobim & Langeani 2022 named for Serra da Canastra, a mountain range located in the center-south of the state of Minas Gerais, which houses the headwaters of the rio São Francisco, where most of the specimens were collected

Harttia carvalhoi Miranda Ribeiro 1939 in honor of Brazilian ichthyologist-herpetologist Antenor Leitão de Carvalho (1910–1985), who collected holotype

Harttia depressa Rapp Py-Daniel & Oliveira 2001 Latin for pressed down, referring to its more depressed head and body compared with H. uatumensis

Harttia dissidens Rapp Py-Daniel & Oliveira 2001 Latin for disagreeing or dissident, i.e., different from the six other species described in the same publication (Lúcia Rapp Py-Daniel, pers. comm.)

Harttia duriventris Rapp Py-Daniel & Oliveira 2001 durus (L.), hard (to the touch); ventris, genitive of venter (L.), belly, referring to its densely plated abdomen

Harttia fluminensis Covain & Fisch-Muller 2012 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: flumen (L.), river, referring to the ecology of Harttia, a genus of rheophilic fishes from the main channel of rivers

Harttia fowleri (Pellegrin 1908) in honor of American ichthyologist Henry Weed Fowler (1878–1965), Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (Pennsylvania, USA)

Harttia garavelloi Oyakawa 1993 in honor of Brazilian ichthyologist Julio Cesar Garavello, Universidade Federale de São Carlos, for his work on Neotropical freshwater fishes and for providing the paratypes

Harttia gracilis Oyakawa 1993 Latin for slender, referring to its thinner body size compared with congeners

Harttia guianensis Rapp Py-Daniel & Oliveira 2001 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: French Guiana, where it is endemic

Harttia intermontana Oliveira & Oyakawa 2019 inter (L.), between; montana (L.), pertaining to mountains, referring to its occurrence in the headwaters of rio Doce basin (Minas Gerais, Brazil), between two mountain ridges: Serra da Mantiqueira and Complexo do Espinhaço

Harttia kronei Miranda Ribeiro 1908 in honor of German-born Brazilian pharmacist-naturalist Sigismund Ernst Richard (Ricardo) Krone (1861–1917), who discovered this species

Harttia leiopleura Oyakawa 1993 leī́os (Gr. λεῖος), smooth; pleurá (Gr. πλευρά), side, referring to absence of bony plates between pectoral and ventral fins

Harttia longipinna Langeani, Oyakawa & Montoya-Burgos 2001 longa (L.), long (authors say large); pinna (L.), fin, referring to large size of anal fin in males

Harttia loricariformis Steindachner 1877 formis, Neo-Latin scientific adjective of forma (L.), shape or form, referring to similar body shape (elongate, strongly depressed) to the genus Loricaria (Steindachner believed this genus was intermediate between the subfamilies Loricariinae and Hypostominae)

Harttia merevari Provenzano, Machado-Allison, Chernoff, Willink & Petry 2005 Ye-kuana name for the Caura River, Bolívar State, Venezuela, type locality

Harttia novalimensis Oyakawa 1993 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Município de Nova Lima, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brazil, type locality

Harttia panara Oyakawa, Fichberg & Rapp Py-Daniel 2018 named for the Panará Indians; considered extinct in the 20th century until 1950, they recovered the right to live in part of their original territory (southern Pará State, Brazil, where this catfish occurs) in 1995

Harttia punctata Rapp Py-Daniel & Oliveira 2001 Latin for spotted, referring to its color pattern

Harttia rhombocephala Miranda Ribeiro 1939 rhómbos (Gr. ῥόμβος), rhombis, and cephala, Latinized adjectival form of kephalḗ (Gr. κεφαλή), head, allusion not explained nor evident Harttia rondoni

Harttia surinamensis Boeseman 1971 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Suriname, the “territory which seems to represent its main area of distribution” (also occurs in French Guiana)

Harttia torrenticola Oyakawa 1993 torrens (L.), swift water; cola (L.), dweller or inhabitant, referring to its habitat

Harttia trombetensis Rapp Py-Daniel & Oliveira 2001 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Trombetas River basin, above Cachoeira Porteira falls, Brazil, where it appears to be endemic

Harttia tuna Covain & Fisch-Muller 2012 Tri-Wayana Amerindian name meaning river and water, referring to “extreme morphological resemblance” with H. fluminensis, whose name also means river

Harttia uatumensis Rapp Py-Daniel & Oliveira 2001 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Uatumã River basin, Brazil, type locality

Harttia villasboas Oyakawa, Fichberg & Rapp Py-Daniel 2018 in honor of the brothers Orlando (1914–2002), Cláudio (1916-1998) and Leonardo (1918–1961) Villas-Bôas, Brazilian activists for indigenous peoples, who, with Cândido Rondon (see H. randoni), created the Xingu Indigenous Park in 1961, the first large indigenous area in South America, which now protects 14 indigenous ethnicities [a noun in apposition, without the eponymic “orum”]

Harttiella Boeseman 1971 -ella (L.), a diminutive suffix, referring to previous placement of type species, H. crassicauda, in Harttia

Harttiella crassicauda (Boeseman 1953) crassus (L.), thick, fat or stout; cauda (L.), tail, allusion not explained, possibly referring to “not emarginate, almost truncate” caudal fin

Harttiella intermedia Covain & Fisch-Muller 2012 Latin for intermediate, representing a contradiction between morphometry (similar in body shape to H. crassicauda group) and genetics (mitochondrial barcode signature typical for the H. longicauda group)

Harttiella janmoli Covain & Fisch-Muller 2012 in honor of Dutch ecologist Jan H. Mol, for his “strong, personal investment” in the knowledge and protection of Hartiella, especially in Suriname, where he recovered the highly vulnerable H. crassicauda

Harttiella longicauda Covain & Fisch-Muller 2012 longus (L.), long; cauda (L.), tail, referring to its long and slender caudal peduncle

Harttiella lucifer Covain & Fisch-Muller 2012 named for the Lucifer Mountains, French Guiana, type locality

Harttiella parva Covain & Fisch-Muller 2012 Latin for small, referring to its size, ~25 mm SL (vs. ~30 mm SL in congeners)

Harttiella pilosa Covain & Fisch-Muller 2012 Latin for hairy, referring to short and thick odontodes on head of males, giving them a hispid appearance

Hemiodontichthys Bleeker 1862 Hemiodon (hemi-, from hḗmisys [Gr. ἥμισυς], half; odon, Latinized and grammatically adjusted from the Greek nominative ὀδούς [odoús], tooth, referring to teeth only on lower jaw), referring to previous placement of H. acipenserinus in that genus (replaced by Reganella); ichthýs (Gr. ἰχθύς), fish

Hemiodontichthys acipenserinus (Kner 1853) –inus (L.), adjectival suffix: Acipenser, sturgeon genus, i.e., sturgeon-like, referring to its superficial resemblance to sturgeons, particularly its long and narrow snout

Lamontichthys Miranda Ribeiro 1939 in honor of American ichthyologist Francesca La Monte (1895–1982), who described the type species, L. filamentosus, in 1935; ichthýs (Gr. ἰχθύς), fish

Lamontichthys avacanoeiro de Carvalho Paixão & Toledo-Piza 2009 named for the Avá-canoeiros, indigenous people who historically inhabited the upper rio Tocantins basin, Goiás, Brazil, type locality

Lamontichthys filamentosus (La Monte 1935) Latin for filamentous, referring to its long dorsal-, pectoral- and caudal-fin filaments

Lamontichthys llanero Taphorn & Lilyestrom 1984 named for the llanero people who occupy the plains (los llanos) in the Andean piedmont region of the Apure River drainage in Venezuela, where this catfish is found (also occurs in Colombia)

Lamontichthys maracaibero Taphorn & Lilyestrom 1984 named for the Maracaiberovillagers of the Lake Maracaibo basin, Venezuela, where this catfish is found (also occurs in Colombia)

Lamontichthys parakana de Carvalho Paixão & Toledo-Piza 2009 named for the Parakanã, indigenous people who historically inhabited the area of the lower rio Tocantins, Pará, Brazil, type locality

Lamontichthys stibaros Isbrücker & Nijssen 1978 stibarós (Gr. στῐβᾰρός), strong or sturdy, referring to its “more robust appearance” compared with L. filamentosus

Limatulichthys Isbrücker & Nijssen 1979 limatulus (L.), somewhat polished, referring to similar smoothness of L. punctatus (=petleyi) with Pseudoloricaria laeviuscula, both of which possess smooth body scutes (Isaäc J. H. Isbrücker, pers. comm.); ichthýs (Gr. ἰχθύς), fish

Limatulichthys griseus (Eigenmann 1909) Medieval Latin for gray, although Eigenmann described it as “Sand-colored”

Limatulichthys nasarcus Londoño-Burbano, Lefebvre & Lujan 2014 nasus (L.), snout; arcus (L.), referring to its rounded (i.e., bow-shaped) snout when compared with L. griseus

Limatulichthys petleyi (Fowler 1940) in honor of Robert T. Petley (Cleveland, Ohio, USA), who assisted William C. Morrow (q.v.) in his 1937 collecting expedition to the Ucayali River basin of Peru, type locality

Loricaria Linnaeus 1758 -ia (L.), adjectival suffix: lorica (L.), a leather cuirass, referring to bony plates on back and sides of L. cataphracta

Loricaria apeltogaster Boulenger 1895 ἀ-, Greek privative, i.e., without; pelta (L.), a small shield; gastḗr (Gr. γαστήρ), belly or stomach, “Breast and belly naked, or with small stellate shields”

Loricaria birindellii Thomas & Sabaj Pérez 2010 in honor of Brazilian ichthyologist José Luís O. Birindelli (b. 1979), Universidade de São Paulo, who helped collect type material and “deftly commanded” the 2007 Pipe Expedition to Serra do Cachimbo, Brazil, leading to the discovery of this and many other undescribed fishes

Loricaria cataphracta Linnaeus 1758 Latin for wearing coats of mail (armor), referring to bony plates on back and sides

Loricaria clavipinna Fowler 1940 clavus (L.), a nail (Fowler said club); pinna (L.), fin, referring to enlarged pectoral-fin spine

Loricaria coximensis Rodriguez, Cavallaro & Thomas 2012 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Rio Caxim, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, type locality

Loricaria cuffyi Londoño-Burbano, Urbano-Bonilla & Thomas 2020 in honor of the Afro-Guyanese slave Cuffy (also spelled Coffy, Kofi, Koffi), who, in 1763, led a revolt of >2500 slaves in the Dutch colony of Berbice (now Guyana, where this catfish occurs) against the colonial regime, which led to their freedom (and whereupon he declared himself Governor of Berbice); today he is considered Guyana’s first national hero

Loricaria holmbergi Rodríguez & Miquelarena 2005 in honor of Argentine biologist and science-fiction novelist Eduardo Ladislao Holmberg (1852–1937), presented in a paper delivered at the occasion of the first Eduardo L. Holmberg Award in Ichthyology, 22 November 2002

Loricaria lata Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889 Latin for wide or broad, presumably referring to its greatly depressed body, wider than it is high

Loricaria luciae Thomas, Rodriguez, Carvallaro, Froehlich & Macedo Corrêa E Castro 2013 in honor of Lúcia H. Rapp Py-Daniel, Curator of Fishes, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, for her many contributions to Neotropical ichthyology, particularly loricariid taxonomy and systematics

Loricaria lundbergi Thomas & Rapp Py-Daniel 2008 in honor of American ichthyologist John G. Lundberg (b. 1942), Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, for his leading role in the Calhamazon Project and many outstanding contributions to Neotropical ichthyology

Loricaria nickeriensis Isbrücker 1979 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Nickerie River system, Suriname, type locality

Loricaria parnahybae Steindachner 1907 of the Rio Parnahyba (now spelled Parnaíba), Victoria (now Alto Parnaíba municipality, Maranhão), Brazil, type locality

Loricaria piracicabae Ihering 1907 of the río Piracicaba, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil, type locality

Loricaria pumila Thomas & Rapp Py-Daniel 2008 Latin for dwarfish, referring to small adult size (<80 mm SL at sexual maturity), particularly among Loricaria

Loricaria simillima Regan 1904 Latin for very similar, described as similar to L. cataphracta

Loricaria spinulifera Thomas & Rapp Py-Daniel 2008 spinula (L.), A small thorn; fero (L.), to have or bear, referring to conspicuous thorn-like odontodes on dorsal and lateral surfaces of head

Loricaria turi Saraiva, Abreu, Ottoni & Piorski 2021 named for the rio Turi, local native name for the rio Turiaçu basin (Maranhão, Brazil), type locality

Loricaria tucumanensis Isbrücker 1979 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: San Miguel de Tucúman, Argentina, type locality

Loricariichthys Bleeker 1862 Loricaria, referring to similarity to that genus (and in which type species, L. maculatus, had been described); ichthýs (Gr. ἰχθύς), fish

Loricariichthys acutus (Valenciennes 1840) Latin for sharp or pointed, referring to its pointed snout

Loricariichthys anus (Valenciennes 1835) Latin for old woman; according to Valenciennes (1840), from the Portuguese velha and Spanish vieja, its common names among Spanish settlers, a name it shares with several loricariid (e.g., Paraloricaria vetula) doradid and callichthyid catfishes in Buenos Aires, Argentina, allusion not explained nor evident

Loricariichthys brunneus (Hancock 1828) Medieval Latin for brown, referring to its brownish body color

Loricariichthys cashibo (Eigenmann & Allen 1942) named for the Cashibos, an indigenous tribe of the region for whom the type locality, Lake Cashiboya (an oxbow lake formed in an old channel of the Ucayali River, Peru), was named

Loricariichthys castaneus (Castelnau 1855) Latin for chestnut-brown, referring to its “light blond” (translation) coloration

Loricariichthys chanjoo (Fowler 1940) local name for this catfish in the Ucayali River basin of Peru

Loricariichthys derbyi Fowler 1915 in honor of Mr. C. F. Derby (no other information available), who collected holotype

Loricariichthys edentatus Reis & Pereira 2000 e– (L. prefix), without; dentatus (L.), toothed, referring to absence of premaxillary teeth

Loricariichthys hauxwelli Fowler 1915 in honor of British naturalist, explorer and bird collector John Hauxwell (1827–1919), who collected holotype “many years ago”

Loricariichthys labialis (Boulenger 1895) Latin for of the lips, referring to lower labial fold, moderately large in females and very large in males, extending to pectoral shields

Loricariichthys maculatus (Bloch 1794) Latin for spotted, referring to dark spots irregularly distributed on body and/or dark gray spots on spines and rays (except anal fin)

Loricariichthys melanocheilus Reis & Pereira 2000 mélanos (Gr. μέλανος), genitive of mélas (μέλας), blac; cheī́los (Gr. χεῖλος), lip, referring to black, large lower lip of nuptial males

Loricariichthys melanurus Reis, Vieira & Pereira 2021 black-tailed, from mélanos (Gr. μέλανος), genitive of mélas (μέλας), black, and ourá (Gr. οὐρά), tail, referring to black marginal band of caudal fin

Loricariichthys microdon (Eigenmann 1909) micro-, from mikrós (Gr. μικρός), small; odon, Latinized and grammatically adjusted from the Greek nominative ὀδούς (odoús), tooth, referring to its “excessively minute” teeth

Loricariichthys nudirostris (Kner 1853) nudus (L.), bare or naked; rostris, Neo-Latin scientific adjective of rostrum (L.), snout, referring to absence of plates on tip and sides of snout below the nostrils

Loricariichthys platymetopon Isbrücker & Nijssen 1979 platýs (Gr. πλατύς), wide or broad; métōpon (Gr. μέτωπον), after the eye, i.e., forehead, referring to its broad interorbital area

Loricariichthys rostratus Reis & Pereira 2000 Latin for beaked, referring to its long rostral border

Loricariichthys stuebelii (Steindachner 1882) in honor of German geologist-vulcanologist Alphons Stübel (1835–1904), who collected holotype

Loricariichthys ucayalensis Regan 1913 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Río Ucayali, Peru, type locality (also endemic to Río Ucayali basin)

Metaloricaria Isbrücker 1975 metá (Gr. μετά), among; Loricaria, type genus of the subfamily, referring to its relatively thick and few teeth, reminiscent of some of dentitions occurring in Loricariinae (Isaäc J. H. Isbrücker, pers. comm.)

Metaloricaria nijsseni (Boeseman 1976) in honor of Dutch ichthyologist Han Nijssen (1935–2013), Zoölogisch Museum, Amsterdam, “as a token of esteem” for his work on South American catfishes

Metaloricaria paucidens Isbrücker 1975 paucus (L.), few; dens (L.), tooth, referring to comparatively low number of teeth compared to the related genera Sturisoma, Lamontichthys and Harttiella

Paraloricaria Isbrücker 1979 pará (Gr. παρά), near, referring to its “grande” similarity to Loricaria

Paraloricaria agastor Isbrücker 1979 agástōr (Gr. ἀγάστωρ), near kinsman, referring to similarity to Loricaria apeltogaster; also, specimens of both species shared the same bottle of alcohol for over 80 years

Paraloricaria commersonoides (Devincenzi 1943) –oides, Neo-Latin from eī́dos (Gr. εἶδος), form or shape: Hypostomus commersoni, similar in shape and coloration

Paraloricaria vetula (Valenciennes 1835) Latin for old woman; according to Valenciennes (1840)1, from the Portuguese velha and Spanish vieja, its common names among Spanish settlers, a name it shares with several loricariid (e.g., Loricariichthys anus) doradid and callichthyid catfishes in Buenos Aires, Argentina, allusion not explained nor evident

Planiloricaria Isbrücker 1971 planus, Latin for flat, level or smooth, referring to its depressed head; Loricaria, type genus of Loricariidae

Planiloricaria cryptodon (Isbrücker 1971) crypto, Latinized from kryptós (Gr. κρυπτός), secret or hidden; odon, Latinized and grammatically adjusted from the Greek nominative ὀδούς (odoús), tooth, referring to “well-hidden” teeth, concealed in the “gums”

Proloricaria Isbrücker 2001 combination of pro-, from the type species, P. prolixa, and Loricaria, genus in which it had originally been placed

Proloricaria lentiginosa (Isbrücker 1979) Latin for full of freckles, referring to color pattern on top of head and snout

Proloricaria prolixa (Isbrücker & Nijssen 1978) Latin for long, extended or drawn out, referring to its “long and flat-robust body shape”

Pseudohemiodon Bleeker 1862 pseudo-, from pseúdēs (Gr. ψεύδης), false, i.e., although this genus may resemble Hemiodon (now Reganella), with type species P. platycephalus previously (but tentatively) placed in that genus, such an appearance is false

Pseudohemiodon almendarizi Provenzano-Rizzi, Argüello & Barriga-Salazar 2022 in honor of Ana de Lourdes Almendáriz, for her “significant contributions to the Ecuador herpetofauna knowledge, and her enthusiasm and friendship for many years” [preferably spelled almendarizae since name honors a woman, but ICZN 32.5.1 forbids such a correction]

Pseudohemiodon amazonum (Delsman 1941) –anum (L.), belonging to: Amazon, described as an Amazonian variety (or subspecies) of Loricaria apeltogaster, which occurs in the Paraguay River basin of Argentina and Paraguay

Pseudohemiodon apithanos Isbrücker & Nijssen 1978 apíthanos (Gr. ἀπίθανος), incredible, referring to variability in color pattern, unique among its numerous subfamilial relatives

Pseudohemiodon devincenzii (Señorans 1950) in honor of Uruguayan physician-naturalist Garibaldi J. Devincenzi (1882–1943), Director, Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo (Montevideo, Uruguay), who guided Señorans through his “first forays into the field of zoology” (translation) and to whom we owe the systematic portions of the 1940 publication Album ictiológico del Uruguay

Pseudohemiodon lamina (Günther 1868) Latin for a thin layer or plate, referring to “small and irregular” scutes covering thorax and abdomen

Pseudohemiodon laticeps (Regan 1904) latus (L.), wide or broad; –ceps (Neo-Latin), headed, referring to head “as broad as long”

Pseudohemiodon platycephalus (Kner 1853) flat-headed, from platýs (Gr. πλατύς), flat, and kephalḗ (Gr. κεφαλή), head, referring to its head as broad as it is long

Pseudohemiodon thorectes Isbrücker 1975 thōrakítēs (Gr. θωρακίτης), warrior armed with a breastplate, referring to “peculiar” median row of transverse scutes between pectoral and pelvic fins on abdomen

Pseudohemiodon unillano Rojas-Molina, Provenzano-Rizzi & Ramírez-Gil 2019 uni-, from unus (L.), one; llano, Spanish for a plain terrain, referring to the savannas or plains (Llanos region) shared by Colombia and Venezuela, crossed by tributaries and the Orinoco River itself, where this catfish occurs

Pseudoloricaria Bleeker 1862 pseudo-, from pseúdēs (Gr. ψεύδης), false, i.e., although this genus may resemble Loricaria (with its only species previously placed in that genus), such an appearance is false

Pseudoloricaria laeviuscula (Valenciennes 1840) diminutive of levis or laevis (L.), smooth, similar to Loricariichthys acutus and L. maculatus (its presumed congeners at the time) but lacking serrated and spiny crests on the body

Pterosturisoma Isbrücker & Nijssen 1978 ptero-, from pterón (Gr. πτερόν), wing or fin; Sturisoma, earliest established genus of the tribe Harttiini, referring to large fins of P. microps

Pterosturisoma microps (Eigenmann & Allen 1942) micro-, from mikrós (Gr. μικρός), small; ṓps (Gr. ὦψ), eye, referring to its “minute” eye, ~12 times in length of head

Pyxiloricaria Isbrücker & Nijssen 1984 pyxis (L.), box, referring to its distinctive body shape, trapezoid in a transverse section along coalescing lateral body scutes; Loricaria, type genus of the family

Pyxiloricaria menezesi Isbrücker & Nijssen 1984 in honor of Brazilian zoologist Naercio A. Menezes (b. 1937), Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, for his friendly support and hospitality during the first author’s stay in Brazil

Reganella Eigenmann 1905 –ella (L.), suffix denoting endearment: in honor of British ichthyologist Charles Tate Regan (1878-1943), Natural History Museum (London), for his “invaluable services” in reviewing loricariid catfishes, specifically his 1904 revision of the family [replacement name for Hemiodon Kner 1853, preoccupied by Hemiodon Swainson 1840 in Mollusca]

Reganella depressa (Kner 1853) Latin for pressed down, referring to its strongly depressed head

Rhadinoloricaria Isbrücker & Nijssen 1974 rhadinós (Gr. ῥαδινός), slender, lithe or tapering, referring to acute snout of R. macromystax (Isaäc J. H. Isbrücker, pers. comm.); Loricaria, type genus of family

Rhadinoloricaria bahuaja (Chang & Castro 1999) named for Parque Nacional Bahuaja-Sonene, southeastern Peru, through which type locality (Río Tambopata) flows

Rhadinoloricaria condei (Isbrücker & Nijssen 1986) in honor of French zoologist Bruno Condé (1920–2004), director of l’Aquarium de Nancy, for his “his contributions and communicative interest in several fields of zoology” (translation)

Rhadinoloricaria laani (Nijssen & Isbrücker 1988) in honor of Louis André van der Laan, Zoölogisch Museum, Amsterdam, for providing the authors with excellent photographs of fishes for many years

Rhadinoloricaria listrorhinos (Nijssen & Isbrücker 1988) listron (Gr. λίστρον), shovel; rhinos, rhinós (Gr. ῥινός), genitive of rhís (ῥίς), nose, referring to its relatively long snout

Rhadinoloricaria macromystax (Günther 1869) macro-, from makrós (Gr. μακρός), long or large; mýstax (Gr. μύσταξ), moustache, moustache, referring to long barbel on upper lip, which extends beyond axil of pectoral fin

Rhadinoloricaria ommation (Nijssen & Isbrücker 1988) ommátion (Gr. ὀμμάτιον), diminutive of ómma (ὄμμα), eye, referring to its relatively small eyes, diameter 9.4 times in length of head

Rhadinoloricaria rhami (Isbrücker & Nijssen 1983) in honor of Swiss ichthyologist and aquarist Patrick de Rham (1936–2022), who led the authors’ expedition to Peru and helped collect the type series

Rhadinoloricaria stewarti Provenzano & Barriga Salazar 2020 in honor of Donald J. (authors incorrectly say S.) Stewart (b. 1946), College of Environmental Science of Forestry, State University of New York, for his contributions to the knowledge of freshwater fishes, especially those of the Napo River, Ecuador (type locality)

Ricola Isbrücker & Nijssen 1978 anagram of lorica (L.), a leather cuirass (referring to bony plates on back and sides), root of Loricaria, with which this genus is “very similar” in all external characters except for barbel structure and shape and number of teeth

Ricola macrops (Regan 1904) macro-, from makrós (Gr. μακρός), long or large; ṓps (Gr. ὦψ), eye, presumably referring to eye diameter, larger than most species of Loricaria (its genus at the time) covered in Regan’s treatment of the family

Rineloricaria Bleeker 1862 rine, from rhínē (Gr. ῥίνη), rasp, referring to sharp bristles on sides of snout (of males); Loricaria, genus in which type species, R. lima, had originally been described

Rineloricaria aequalicuspis Reis & Cardoso 2001 aequalis (L.), equal; cuspis (L.), a point or pointed end, referring to its tooth shape, which has two cusps nearly equal in size

Rineloricaria altipinnis (Breder 1925) altus (L.), high; pinnis (L.), fin, referring to its “relatively high” fins

Rineloricaria anhaguapitan Ghazzi 2008 named for the devil, called Anhaguapitã in Tupí lengend, whose clash with St. Peter, in which the saint became dead birds and the devil became rain and small stones, created the Uruguay River of southern Brazil, where this catfish occurs

Rineloricaria anitae Ghazzi 2008 in honor of Anita Garibaldi (1821–1849), Brazilian wife and comrade-in-arms of Italian revolutionary Giuseppe Garibaldi (1807–1882), a key figure in the Ragamuffin War (Revolução Farroupilha), a failed war of secession from the Brazilian Empire (1835–1845)

Rineloricaria aurata (Knaack 2002) Latin for gold or golden, referring to its body coloration

Rineloricaria baliola Rodriguez & Reis 2008 Latin for chestnut or reddish brown, referring to its color pattern

Rineloricaria beni (Pearson 1924) named for the Río Beni basin, Bolivia, where it is endemic

Rineloricaria cacerensis (Miranda Ribeiro 1912) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Cáceres (a town), Mato Grosso, Rio Paraguay drainage, Brazil, type locality

Rineloricaria cachivera Urbano-Bonilla, Londoño-Burbano & Carvalho 2023 Spanish for a “flow of water that runs violently between the rocks” (i.e., rapids), where this catfish occurs and named in memory of Colombian ichthyologist Javier Alejandro Maldonado-Ocampo (1977–2019), who collected holotype on 28 February and died two days later when his boat overturned and he was swept downstream; the authors say Maldonado-Ocampo on the day he died “stayed forever swimming in peace and happy with the rheophilic fish of the cachiveras of the Vaupés River”

Rineloricaria cadeae (Hensel 1868) of the rio Cadéa (also spelled Cadeia), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, type locality

Rineloricaria capitonia Ghazzi 2008 scientific Neo-Latin for with a large head, referring to its large triangular head (when seen from above)

Rineloricaria caracasensis (Bleeker 1862) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Caracas, Venezuela, type locality

Rineloricaria castroi Isbrücker & Nijssen 1984 in honor of Brazilian ichthyologist Ricardo Macedo Corrêa e Castro, Universidade de São Paulo, who collected holotype

Rineloricaria catamarcensis (Berg 1895) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Catamarca Province, Argentina, where it is endemic

Rineloricaria cubataonis (Steindachner 1907) –is, genitive singular of: Cubatao River, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, type locality

Rineloricaria daraha Rapp Py-Daniel & Fichberg 2008 local spelling of rio Daraá, Amazonas, Brazil, type locality

Rineloricaria eigenmanni (Pellegrin 1908) in honor of German-born American ichthyologist Carl H. Eigenmann (1863–1927), for his knowledge of “so many interesting forms of American fishes” (translation)

Rineloricaria fallax (Steindachner 1915) Latin for false or deceitful; Steindachner was not sure if this species was merely similar to R. stewarti and Loricariichthys brunneus or conspecific with one of them

Rineloricaria felipponei (Fowler 1943) in honor of Uruguayan biologist Florentino Felippone (1852–1939), who collected holotype

Rineloricaria formosa Isbrücker & Nijssen 1979 Latin for beautiful, referring to its coloration (stripes and numerous small brown spots) and its nicely built body, head and fin shape (Isaäc J. H. Isbrücker, pers. comm.)

Rineloricaria hasemani Isbrücker & Nijssen 1979 in honor of American zoologist John D. Haseman (1882–1969), field collector in the Carnegie Museum of Natural History’s Department of Ichthyology, “who assembled perfectly preserved collections of South American fishes” (1908-1911), including holotype of this species

Rineloricaria henselii (Steindachner 1907) in honor of German naturalist Reinhold Hensel (1826–1881), who described the “very closely related” (translation) R. strigilata in 1868

Rineloricaria heteroptera Isbrücker & Nijssen 1976 héteros (Gr. ἕτερος), different; ptera, from pterón (Gr. πτερόν), fin, referring to “unexpected variability” (5 or 6) in the number of dorsal-fin rays

Rineloricaria isaaci Rodriguez & Miquelarena 2008 in honor of Dutch ichthyologist Isaäc J.H. Isbrücker (b. 1944), Zoölogisch Museum, Amsterdam, for his studies on the family Loricariidae, especially subfamily Loricariinae

Rineloricaria jaraguensis (Steindachner 1909) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Rio Jaraguá, Santa Catarina, Brazil, type locality (also endemic to the Rio Jaraguá basin)

Rineloricaria jubata (Boulenger 1902) Latin for maned or crested, presumably referring to thick band of long, hair-like bristles on each side of head of males

Rineloricaria jurupari Londoño-Burbano & Urbano-Bonilla 2018 named for the legend of Jurupari (see also Satanoperca daemon, Cichlidae), originally composed in the Nheêngatú language by the end of the 19th century by Maximiano José Roberto and considered one of the oldest literary legends of South America; Jurupari is also a historical heritage of people from the northern Amazon (Vaupés, Isana and Negro rivers), mainly in the Vaupés region of Colombia, where this catfish occurs

Rineloricaria konopickyi (Steindachner 1879) in honor of Steindachner’s scientific illustrator Eduard Konopicky (1841–1904), “the best illustrations of fishes made by any artist,” said David Starr Jordan in 1905

Rineloricaria kronei (Miranda Ribeiro 1911) in honor of German-born Brazilian pharmacist-naturalist Sigismund Ernst Richard (Ricardo) Krone (1861–1917), who discovered this species

Rineloricaria lanceolata (Günther 1868) Latin for lance-like, probably referring to how end of body tapers to a lance- or lancet-like point

Rineloricaria langei Ingenito, Ghazzi, Duboc & Abilhoa 2008 in honor of Brazilian biologist Rudolf Bruno Lange (1922–2016), one of the first curators of the zoological collections of Museu de História Natural Capão da Imbuia (Paraná, Brazil) during the 1940s, in which the ichthyological collection is included

Rineloricaria latirostris (Boulenger 1900) latus (L.), wide or broad; rostris, Neo-Latin scientific adjective of rostrum (L.), snout, referring to its rounded snout, measuring half the length of its head

Rineloricaria lima (Kner 1853) Latin for file or rasp, possibly referring to sharp bristles on sides of snout (of males) and/or “very rough” (translation) plates on trunk

Rineloricaria longicauda Reis 1983 longus (L.), long; cauda (L.), tail, referring to its long caudal peduncle

Rineloricaria maacki Ingenito, Ghazzi, Duboc & Abilhoa 2008 in honor of German explorer and geologist Reinhard Maack (1892–1969), who made “some of the most important” contributions to the knowledge of the geology and physiography of the rio Iguaçu basin and Paraná State, Brazil, where this catfish occurs

Rineloricaria magdalenae (Steindachner 1879) of Río Magdalena, Colombia, type locality

Rineloricaria malabarbai Rodriguez & Reis 2008 in honor of colleague Luiz Roberto Malabarba, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (Porto Alegre, Brazil), for his many “important” contributions to Neotropical ichthyology

Rineloricaria maquinensis Reis & Cardoso 2001 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: río Maquiné drainage, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, type locality

Rineloricaria melini (Schindler 1959) in honor of Swedish herpetologist Douglas Melin (1895–1946), who collected holotype

Rineloricaria microlepidogaster (Regan 1904) micro-, from mikrós (Gr. μικρός), small; lepido, from lepidōtós (Gr. λεπιδωτός), scaly; gastḗr (Gr. γαστήρ), belly or stomach, referring to small abdominal plates, in 5–6 series between the posterior plates of the lateral series, anteriorly more numerous

Rineloricaria microlepidota (Steindachner 1907) micro-, from mikrós (Gr. μικρός), small, lepidōtós (Gr. λεπιδωτός), scaly, referring to its smaller, more numerous abdominal plates compared with R. lima

Rineloricaria misionera Rodríguez & Miquelarena 2005 Spanish for missionary, referring to Misiones province, Argentina, where type locality (Arroyo Cuña-Pirú) is situated

Rineloricaria morrowi Fowler 1940 in honor of William C. Morrow, who led Peruvian expedition during which holotype was collected

Rineloricaria nigricauda (Regan 1904) nigri, from niger (L.), dark or black; cauda (L.), tail, referring to uniformly blackish caudal fin except for its outer rays

Rineloricaria nudipectoris Mejia, Ferraro & Buckup 2023 nudus (L.), bare or naked; pectoris, genitive of pectus (L.), chest or breast, referring to absence of plates in the ventral portion of the pectoral girdle and anterior medial portion of the abdomen

Rineloricaria osvaldoi Fichberg & Chamon 2008 in honor of Osvaldo Takeshi Oyakawa, fish collection manager, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, and a specialist of the Loricariinae, particularly of the genus Harttia

Rineloricaria pareiacantha (Fowler 1943) pareiá (Gr. παρειά), cheek; acantha, from ákantha (Gr. ἄκανθα), thorn, referring to slender spine-like bristles on each side of head

Rineloricaria parva (Boulenger 1895) Latin for small, referring to small size (described at 110 mm) compared to other presumed congeners (>200 mm) at the time

Rineloricaria pentamaculata Langeani & de Araujo 1994 penta-, from pénte (Gr. πέντε), five; maculata (L.), spotted, referring to five conspicuous dark-brown bands on body

Rineloricaria phoxocephala (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889) point-headed, from phoxós (Gr. φοξός), pointed or tapered, and kephalḗ (Gr. κεφαλή), head, referring to its long, pointed head

Rineloricaria platyura (Müller & Troschel 1849) platýs (Gr. πλατύς), flat or broad; ourá (Gr. οὐρά), tail, allusion not explained nor evident

Rineloricaria quadrensis Reis 1983 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Lagoa dos Quadros, Osório, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, type locality

Rineloricaria quilombola Chamon & Fichberg 2022 named for the remaining Quilombola population of Tocantins State, Brazil, where this catfish occurs; Quilombos were communities created by fugitive enslaved African-Brazilian people in Brazil, becoming centers of resistance for enslaved people and their descendants, now legally protected by the Brazilian government yet they are under constant threat related to the expansion of agribusiness and land speculation

Rineloricaria reisi Ghazzi 2008 in honor of Brazilian ichthyologist Roberto E. Reis, Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Su, for his contributions to neotropical ichthyology and especially for his studies of loricariid catfishes

Rineloricaria rodriquezae Costa-Silva, Oliveira & Silva 2021 in honor of Brazilian ichthyologist Mónica Sonia Rodriguez, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (Minas Gerais, Brazil), for her contribution to our knowledge to the genus Rineloricaria

Rineloricaria rupestris (Schultz 1944) Neo-Latin for living among rocks, referring to its habitat among rocks and stones on stream bottom

Rineloricaria sanga Ghazzi 2008 local Brazilian name, derived from the Spanish zanja, a creek or small stream, referring to its type locality

Rineloricaria setepovos Ghazzi 2008 named for a 17th-century Jesuit mission, Setes Povos das Missões, mostly inhabited by Guaraní Indians, referring to the region where this catfish occurs

Rineloricaria sneiderni (Fowler 1944) in honor of Swedish ornithologist-ecologist Kjell von Sneidern (1910–2000), who collected holotype

Rineloricaria steinbachi (Regan 1906) in honor of German-born Bolivian explorer and collector Joseph (José) Steinbach (1856–1929), who collected holotype

Rineloricaria steindachneri (Regan 1904) in honor of Austrian ichthyologist Franz Steindachner (1834–1919), who reported this catfish as R. lima in 1881

Rineloricaria stellata Ghazzi 2008 Latin for studded with stars, referring to conspicuous dark spots on fins and lateral-line pores

Rineloricaria stewarti (Eigenmann 1909) in honor of Douglas Stewart (1873–1926), Curator of Mineralogy and Assistant to the Director of the Carnegie Museum (whose journal published many papers by Eigenmann)

Rineloricaria strigilata (Hensel 1868) Neo-Latin for furrowed or grooved, probably referring to “row-like arrangement” (translation) of bristles on upper body

Rineloricaria teffeana (Steindachner 1879) –ana (L.), belonging to: Amazon River near Teffé (now spelled Tefé), Amazonas State, Brazil, type locality

Rineloricaria thrissoceps (Fowler 1943) thrix (Gr. θρίξ), hair or bristle; –ceps (Neo-Latin), headed, referring to “distinctive” fine bristles or spines on sides of head

Rineloricaria tropeira Ghazzi 2008 named for the drovers (tropeiros in Portuguese) who for many years traveled via horse and mule in the region where this catfish occurs

Rineloricaria uracantha (Kner 1863) ourá (Gr. οὐρά), tail; acantha, from ákantha (Gr. ἄκανθα), thorn, referring to very thick (or spinous) uppermost ray of caudal fin

Rineloricaria wolfei Fowler 1940 in honor of Thomas W. Wolfe (Cleveland, Ohio, USA, also spelled Wolf by Fowler), who assisted William C. Morrow (q.v.) in his 1937 collecting expedition to the Ucayali River basin of Peru, type locality

Rineloricaria zaina Ghazzi 2008 local Brazilian name for the matte black or dark-brown fur of horses and cattle, referring to the dark-brown color of some specimens and the dull, velvety appearance of their small odontodes

Rineloricaria zawadzkii Costa-Silva, Silva & Oliveira 2022 in honor of Cláudio Henrique Zawadzki, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (Paraná, Brazil), an “important” taxonomist of Loricariidae, known among friends by the nickname “cabelo” (hair in Portuguese); during the authors’ research, this catfish received the nickname “cabeluda” (hairy in Portuguese) due to its large, hair-like odontodes

Spatuloricaria Schultz 1944 spatula (L.), paddle, spoon or broad blade used for stirring, from spáthē (Gr. σπᾰ́θη), referring to spoon-shaped teeth in mature males that separate it from Loricaria, to which Schultz believed it is closely related

Spatuloricaria atratoensis Schultz 1944 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Atrato River basin, Colombia, where it is endemic

Spatuloricaria caquetae (Fowler 1943) of Caquetá, Colombia, where type locality (Río Orteguasa) is situated

Spatuloricaria curvispina (Dahl 1942) curvis, properly spelled curvus (L.), curved; spina (L.), thorn or spine, referring to side of head with a “great number of strong, sharp spines [odontodes] curved backward” on mature males

Spatuloricaria euacanthagenys Isbrücker 1979 eū́– (Gr. εὖ), well or very; acantha, from ákantha (Gr. ἄκανθα), thorn; génys (Gr. γένυς), jaw (usually the cheek or lower jaw in ichthyology), referring to spines (odontodes) on sides of head [coined by Fowler; replacement name for Euacanthagenys caquetae Fowler 1945, secondarily preoccupied by Loricaria caquetae Fowler 1943 when Isbrücker moved the species to Spatuloricaria]

Spatuloricaria evansii (Boulenger 1892) in honor of British geologist John William Evans (1857–1930), who obtained holotype during an expedition to Mato Grosso, Brazil

Spatuloricaria fimbriata (Eigenmann & Vance 1912) Latin for fringed, referring to broad lips with “short, fleshly, marginal tentacles, the posterior papillose and with slender marginal fringes”

Spatuloricaria gymnogaster (Eigenmann & Vance 1912) gymnós (Gr. γυμνός), bare or naked; gastḗr (Gr. γαστήρ), belly or stomach, referring to plateless belly in juveniles, and naked belly in adults except for a “few granules on the sides and in front of the anus, and sometimes on the breast”

Spatuloricaria lagoichthys (Schultz 1944) etymology not explained, probably named for the Lago Petroleum Corporation (Lago Maracaibo), which hosted some of Schultz’ fish-collection efforts in Venezuela; ichthýs (Gr. ἰχθύς), fish

Spatuloricaria nudiventris (Valenciennes 1840) nudus (L.), naked or bare; ventris, genitive of venter (L.), belly, referring to lower part of thorax and belly naked to between ventral fins

Spatuloricaria phelpsi Schultz 1944 in honor of ornithologist-businessman William H. Phelps, Jr. (1902–1988), president of the Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales of Caracas, “a leader in the biological sciences of Venezuela,” in appreciation of his aid while Schultz was in Caracas

Spatuloricaria puganensis (Pearson 1937) –ensis, a Latin suffix that usually denotes place but used here to honor Señor Napoleon Puga, who aided in the author’s work along the Rio Crisnejas in Peru

Spatuloricaria terracanticum Londoño-Burbano, Urbano-Bonilla, Rojas-Molina, Ramírez-Gil & Prada-Pedreros 2018 terra (L.), the earth; canticum (L.), song, named for local work songs (cantos de vaquería) of the Llanos region of Colombia (where this catfish occurs) and Venezuela; dating to the 16th century (but gradually being lost within modern society), these melodies, sung a cappella, “reflect the feeling and the close relationship of the llanero with their myths, beliefs, nature, climate, and animals”

Spatuloricaria tuira Fichberg, Oyakawa & de Pinna 2014 named for Tuira, a Brazilian woman of Mebêngôkre/Kaiapó ethnicity, who became a symbol of the resistance against construction of hydroelectric dams on the Rio Xingu, Brazil, one of two rivers where this catfish is known to occur

Sturisoma Swainson 1838 sturio, Medieval Latin for sturgeon; sṓma (Gr. σῶμα), body, referring to sturgeon-like appearance of S. rostratum, particularly the produced snout

Sturisoma barbatum (Kner 1853) Latin for bearded, referring to bristles on sides of snout in males

Sturisoma brevirostre (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889) brevis (L.), short; rostre, Neo-Latin scientific adjective of rostrum (L.), snout, referring to its short snout, “little longer than the rest of the head”

Sturisoma careirensia Londoño-Burbano & Britto 2023 -ia (L. suffix), belonging to: Careiro (plural: Cariens), named for two municipalities (Careiro and Careiro da Várzea, Amazonas, Brazil) that include some of the localities of this species

Sturisoma defranciscoi Londoño-Burbano & Britto 2023 in honor of Martín Guillermo de Francisco (b. 1966), for his contributions to the “grammar and correct speaking and writing of the Spanish language through the teaching of rules of the language, mainly through the creation, in 2006 (Colombia), of the educational character Professor Super O” (an animated television series)

Sturisoma ghazziae Londoño-Burbano & Britto 2023 in honor of Miriam Sant’Anna Ghazzi, for her 2003 Ph.D. dissertation, the “first study of the genus addressing taxonomic and phylogenetic questions,” and further contributions to the knowledge of the genus in subsequent studies

Sturisoma graffini Londoño-Burbano 2018 in honor of Greg Graffin (b. 1964), “lead singer of the punk rock band Bad Religion, Ph.D. in Zoology, part time life sciences, palaeontology and evolution professor at University of California, Los Angeles and Cornell University”

Sturisoma guentheri (Regan 1904) in honor of German-born British ichthyologist-herpetologist Albert Günther (1830–1914), who reported this catfish as S. rostratum in 1868

Sturisoma lyra (Regan 1904) Latin for lyre, allusion not explained nor evident, but here’s a guess: based on illustration accompanying its description, referring to shape of caudal fin and its filamentous extensions, which, with some imagination, can be said to resemble an ancient Greek lyre

Sturisoma monopelte Fowler 1914 mono-, from mónos (Gr. μόνος), one; pelta (L.), a small shield, referring to single interposed shield between ventral and anal plates

Sturisoma nigrirostrum Fowler 1940 niger (L.), dark or black; rostrum (L.), snout, referring to blackish band on snout that extends through eye and along upper lateral keel back about as far as anal fin

Sturisoma rapppydanielae Londoño-Burbano & Britto 2023 in honor of the authors’ colleague Lúcia H. Rapp Py-Daniel, Curator of Fishes, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, for her “many contributions to Neotropical fishes, mainly Amazonian, studies in loricariid and loricariin fishes, and her valuable teachings as an advisor of several people in ichthyology”

Sturisoma reisi Londoño-Burbano & Britto 2022 in honor of the authors’ colleague, Brazilian ichthyologist Roberto E. Reis, Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, for his “many contributions to Neotropical ichthyology, studies in loricariid and loricariin fishes, friendship and his crucial orientation and valuable teachings to the first author”

Sturisoma rostratum (Spix & Agassiz 1829) Latin for beaked, referring to its long and narrow snout

Sturisoma tenuirostre (Steindachner 1910) tenuis (L.), thin or slender; rostris, Neo-Latin scientific adjective of rostrum (L.), snout, referring to its thin snout, thinner than congeners known to Steindachner

Sturisomatichthys Isbrücker & Nijssen 1979 Sturisoma, referring to its close relationship with that genus; ichthýs (Gr. ἰχθύς), fish

Sturisomatichthys aureus (Steindachner 1900) Latin for golden, referring to shimmers of gold over entire body

Sturisomatichthys caquetae (Fowler 1945) of the Río Caquetá drainage, Colombia, where it is endemic

Sturisomatichthys citurensis (Meek & Hildebrand 1913) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Río Cupe, Cituro, Panama, type locality

Sturisomatichthys dariensis (Meek & Hildebrand 1913) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Darién province, Panama, where Boca de Cupe (type locality) is situated

Sturisomatichthys festivus (Myers 1942) Latin for pleasing or handsome, probably referring to its greatly prolonged fins (and perhaps also that young specimens are “very prettily marked”)

Sturisomatichthys frenatus (Boulenger 1902) Latin for bridled, presumably referring to band of short hair-like bristles on each side of the head of males, from mouth to gill-cleft

Sturisomatichthys guaitipan Londoño-Burbano & Reis 2019 in honor of Gaitana (also known as Guaitipan), cacique (leader) of the Timaná tribe, who occupied the Colombian Andes in the upper Magdalena valley of the Meta department of Colombia (where this catfish occurs); she fought against the Spanish invasion between 1539 and 1540, ending in her defeat due to treason by the cacique Matambo, who warned the Spanish army of the rebellion led by Gaitana (in 1626, joining forces with the Pijaos, Panaes and Pamaos, the Timaná obtained victory by expelling the Spanish from their region) [presumably a noun in apposition, without the matronymic “ae”]

Sturisomatichthys kneri (Ghazzi 2005) patronym not identified, probably in honor of Austrian ichthyologist Rudolph Kner (1810–1869) [ms. name coined by De Filippi and published by Tortonese in 1940 but not in an available way]

Sturisomatichthys leightoni (Regan 1912) in honor of British soldier Bryan Leighton (1868–1919), who “presented” holotype to the British Museum (Natural History)

Sturisomatichthys panamensis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Panama, type locality

Sturisomatichthys reinae Londoño-Burbano & Reis 2019 in honor of Ruth Gisela Reina (1977–2016), Colombian-born former curator of fishes, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (Panama), for her contributions to the knowledge of fishes and invaluable help and assistance for several ichthyologists around the world; she died rescuing her son on a beach in Colón

Sturisomatichthys tamanae (Regan 1912) of Río Tamana, Río San Juan system, Chocó Department, Colombia, type locality

Sturisomatichthys varii Londoño-Burbano & Reis 2019 in honor of Richard P. Vari (1949–2016), National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution (Washington, D.C., USA), for his “important and numerous” contributions to the knowledge of neotropical fishes, and for his interest in helping young ichthyologists pursue careers in science, leaving an “important legacy which, with no doubt, will help present and future ichthyologists in their research”; the completion of the authors’ study “would not have being possible without the selfless and extensive help” received from him