Revised 7 Dec. 2024
PDF version (with illustrations and additional information)
Abramis Cuvier 1816 abramís (Gr. ἀβραμίς), ancient name for a bream or mullet
Abramis brama (Linnaeus 1758) derived from abramís (Gr. ἀβραμίς), ancient name for a bream or mullet
Acanthobrama Heckel 1843 acantho-, from ákantha (Gr. ἄκανθα), thorn, referring to thickened, spine-like, last unbranched dorsal-fin ray; brama, derived from derived from abramís (Gr. ἀβραμίς), ancient name for a bream or mullet, i.e., a “spiny bream”
Acanthobrama centisquama Heckel 1843 centum (L.), hundred; squama (L.), scale, referring to 100 scales on lateral line of holotype (ranges from 90–100 on specimens examined since then)
Acanthobrama hadiyahensis Coad, Alkahem & Behnke 1983 –ensis (L.), suffix denoting place: Wadi Hadiyah, near Hadiyah, Saudi Arabia, type locality
Acanthobrama lissneri Tortonese 1952 in honor of the late Helmut Lissner (1895–1951), Polish-born Israeli ichthyologist, a “keen ichthyologist who greatly furthered the investigations on the fishes of Lake Tiberias” (or Sea of Galilee), Israel, type locality
Acanthobrama marmid Heckel 1843 Arabic vernacular for this species
Acanthobrama microlepis (De Filippi 1863) micro-, from mikrós (Gr. μικρός), small; lepís (Gr. λεπίς), scale, “Squamae exiguae,” with 82 along the lateral line
Acanthobrama orontis Heckel 1843 –is, Latin genitive singular of: Orontes, river basin in Turkey, where Lake Antioch (or Amik), type locality, is situated
Acanthobrama persidis (Coad 1981) –is, genitive singular of: persis (Gr. περσίς), meaning strictly a province of Persia or Iran, now known as Fars, where it occurs
Acanthobrama telavivensis Goren, Fishelson & Trewavas 1973 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Tel Aviv, Israel, near type locality at Yarkon Springs
Acanthobrama thisbeae Freyhof & Özuluğ 2014 of Thisbe, who was in love with Pyramus in Ovid’s Metamorphoses; Pyramus is the ancient Greek and Latin name for the Ceyhan River, Adana Province, Turkey, type locality
Acanthobrama tricolor (Lortet 1883) tri– (L.), three, of three colors, referring to “remarkable” (translation) coloration in life: reddish-brown above lateral line, pearly whitish-pink below, the fins a silvery yellow
Acanthobrama urmianus (Günther 1899) –anus (L.), belonging to: Urmi River, Iran, one of the type localities
Achondrostoma Robalo, Almada, Levy & Doadrio 2007 ἀ-, Greek privative, i.e., without; chóndros (Gr. χόνδρος), gristle or cartilage; stóma (Gr. στόμα), mouth, referring to absence of horny plate on mouth as seen in Chondrostoma
Achondrostoma arcasii (Steindachner 1866) in honor of Spanish zoologist Laureano Pérez Arcas (1824–1894), University of Madrid, who shared specimens with Steindachner
Achondrostoma asturicense Doadrio, Casal-López & Perea 2023 –ense, Latin suffix denoting place: Astura, name given to the Esla River (Duero River basin, Spain, where this species occurs) during the Roman Empire
Achondrostoma garzonorum Doadrio, Casal-López & Perea 2023 –orum (L.), commemorative suffix, plural: in honor of the Garzón-Heydt family, especially Dra Paloma Garzón-Heydt, Jesús Garzón-Heydt and Dra Guillermina Garzón-Heydt, for their contribution to the study and conservation of rivers and fauna of the region where this species occurs
Achondrostoma numantinum Doadrio, Casal-López & Perea 2023 –inum (L.), adjectival suffix: Numantian, name given to pre-Roman population inhabiting ancient Celtiberian settlement near present-day Garray village in Soria (central Spain), encompassing the area where this species occurs; the Numantians, known for their courage, decided to burn the city before surrendering to the Romans after a 13-month siege
Achondrostoma occidentale (Robalo, Almada, Sousa Santos, Moreira & Doadrio 2005) Latin for western, referring to Oeste (West in English), area in Portugal where it is endemic
Achondrostoma oligolepis (Robalo, Doadrio, Almada & Kottelat 2005) olígos (Gr. ὀλίγος), few or scanty; lepís (Gr. λεπίς), scale, referring to larger and therefore fewer scales compared with A. arcasii
Achondrostoma salmantinum Doadrio & Elvira 2007 –inum (L.), adjectival suffix: Salmantia, Roman name for Salamanca, Spanish city and province inhabited by this species
Alburnoides Jeitteles 1861 –oides, Latinized suffix adopted from eī́dos (Gr. εἶδος), form or shape: Alburnus, referring to original placement of A. maculatus in that genus
Alburnoides bipunctatus (Bloch 1782) bi-, from bis (L.), twice; punctatus (L.), spotted, referring to each scale of anterior half of lateral line with a pair of black specks, each composed of minute dots
Alburnoides coskuncelebii Turan, Kaya, Aksu, Bayçelebi & Bektaş 2019 in honor of Kamil Çoşkunçelebi (b. 1969), Karadeniz Technical University (Turkey), a specialist in the flowering plants of Turkey and a “well-known” Turkish plant taxonomist
Alburnoides damghani Roudbar, Eagderi, Esmaeili, Coad & Bogutskaya 2016 of the Damghan River system at Cheshmeh Ali, Semnan Province, Iran, type locality
Alburnoides devolli Bogutskaya, Zupančič & Naseka 2010 of Devoll River, upper Seman River drainage, Albania, type locality
Alburnoides diclensis Turan, Bektaş, Kaya & Bayçelebi 2016 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Dicle, Turkish name for Tigris River, where it is known from two streams in the river’s upper drainage
Alburnoides economoui Barbieri, Vukić, Šanda & Zogaris 2017 in honor of Alcibiades N. Economou, Research Director, Institute of Inland Waters, Hellenic Center for Marine Research, for “significant” contributions to the biogeography and ecology of Greek fishes
Alburnoides eichwaldii (De Filippi 1863) in honor of Baltic German geologist-zoologist Charles Edward von Eichwald (also known as Karl Eduard von Eichwald, 1795–1876), who had previously reported this species as a variety of Alburnus alburnus
Alburnoides emineae Turan, Kaya, Ekmekçi & Doğan 2014 in honor of Emine Turan, “beloved” mother of first author
Alburnoides fangfangae Bogutskaya, Zupančič & Naseka 2010 in memory of Chinese cyprinoid taxonomist Fang Fang Kullander (1962–2010), Swedish Museum of Natural History
Alburnoides fasciatus (Nordmann 1840) Latin for banded, referring to double longitudinal dark black band
Alburnoides freyhofi Turan, Kaya, Bayçelebi, Bektaş & Ekmekçi 2017 in honor of German ichthyologist Jörg Freyhof (b. 1964), Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (Berlin), for his contribution to the knowledge of the fishes of the Middle East
Alburnoides gmelini Bogutskaya & Coad 2009 in honor of Samuel Georg Gotlieb Gmelin (1744–1774), Russian naturalist who traveled through the River Don area and the Caucasus region and along the western and southern Caspian Sea coasts (1768–1774); he was captured by Usmey-Khan, held for ransom and died in captivity (the results of his expedition were published posthumously)
Alburnoides holciki Coad & Bogutskaya 2012 in honor of the late Juraj Holcík (1934–2010), Czechoslovak (later Slovak) zoologist, colleague and friend, for his many contributions to ichthyology
Alburnoides idignensis Bogutskaya & Coad 2009 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Idigna, Sumerian name for Tigris River, referring to its occurrence in the Tigris River system of Iran
Alburnoides kosswigi Turan, Kaya, Bayçelebi, Bektaş & Ekmekçi 2017 in honor of Curt Kosswig (1903–1982), the “father of ichthyology in Turkey” (where this cyprinid occurs)
Alburnoides kubanicus Bănărescu 1964 –icus (L.), belonging to: Kuban River drainage, Russia, type locality
Alburnoides kurui Turan, Kaya, Bayçelebi,Bektaş & Ekmekçi 2017 in honor of Turkish ichthyologist Mustafa Kuru (b. 1940), Başkent University (Ankara), for his contribution to the knowledge of the fishes of Turkey (where this cyprinid occurs) [not to be confused with Alburnus kurui]
Alburnoides maculatus (Kessler 1859) Latin for spotted, referring to scales on sides of body with black spots that also outline lateral line
Alburnoides manyasensis Turan, Ekmekçi, Kaya & Güçlü 2013 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Lake Manyas basin, Turkey, type locality
Alburnoides namaki Bogutskaya & Coad 2009 of Namak Lake basin, Iran, where it is endemic to a qanat (underground water channel); namak means salt in Farsi
Alburnoides nicolausi Bogutskaya & Coad 2009 named after the Latin male name Nicolaus, alluding to sons of both authors, Nikolay (Bogutskaya’s eldest son) and Nicholas (Coad’s) [since species is not specifically named for both sons, emendment to the plural nicolausorum is probably not warranted]
Alburnoides ohridanus (Karaman 1928) –anus (L.), belonging to: Lake Ohrid (Yugoslavia, now Macedonia and Albania), type locality
Alburnoides petrubanarescui Bogutskaya & Coad 2009 in honor of the late Romanian ichthyologist Petru Bănărescu (1921–2009), “a great freshwater ichthyologist who contributed significantly to our knowledge of fishes of Eurasia”
Alburnoides prespensis (Karaman 1924) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Lake Prespa and tributaries, Macedonia, type locality
Alburnoides qanati Coad & Bogutskaya 2009 of a qanat (underground water channel), referring to habitat in which it was found, “now fast disappearing with the use of pump wells, and in recognition of the contribution to civilization made by the Iranian people through this innovative irrigation technique”
Alburnoides rossicus Berg 1924 –icus (L.), belonging to: Rossiya (Latinization of Russia in the Russian language), referring to type localities in Dnieper and Volga rivers, Russia
Alburnoides samiii Mousavi-Sabet, Vatandoust & Doadrio 2015 in honor of Majid Samii (b. 1937), “world famous” Iranian neurosurgeon and medical scientist, who was born in Rasht, Iran, capital city of Guilan Province, where type locality (Sefidroud River) is situated
Alburnoides smyrnae Pellegrin 1927 of Smyrna (now known as İzmir), Turkey, near where type locality (Mélès stream) is situated
Alburnoides strymonicus Chichkoff 1940 –icus (L.), belonging to: Struma (known as Strymon in ancient times) River basin, Bulgaria, Macedonia and Greece, where it is endemic
Alburnoides tabarestanensis Mousavi-Sabet, Anvarifar & Azizi 2015 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Tabarestan, historical name of Mazandaran Province, Iran, which includes Tajan River, type locality
Alburnoides thessalicus Stephanidis 1950 -icus, belonging to: Thessaly, Greece, where Rivers Pinios and Sperchios, type localities, are situated [not to be confused with Alburnus thessalicus]
Alburnoides turani Kaya 2020 in honor of Turkish ichthyologist Davut Turan, Kaya’s supervisor for 10 years, “for all his efforts with me and for his great contribution to the knowledge of the genus Alburnoides and fish fauna in Turkey”
Alburnoides tzanevi Chichkoff 1933 in honor of Panayot Tzanev, a former assistant at the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, who collected large ichthyological samples (but there is no direct indication he collected holotype of this species)
Alburnoides varentsovi Bogutskaya & Coad 2009 in honor of Petr Aleksandrovich Varentsov (1852–?), who lived and traveled in the Transcaspian Province of the former Russian Empire, collected holotype in 1896, and wrote a book on the geography and natural history of the area in 1907
Alburnoides velioglui Turan, Kaya, Ekmekçi & Doğan 2014 in honor of Turkish physician Hasan Basri Velioğlu, who “eased” and contributed to the authors’ earlier and present studies through the use of radiography
Alburnus Rafinesque 1820 presumably tautonymous (no species mentioned) with Cyprinus alburnus Linnaeus 1758
Alburnus adanensis Battalgazi 1944 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Adana, southern Turkey, near type locality at Seyhan River (not seen since its description and probably extinct) [note: Battalgazi is same author as Battalgil; see next species]
Alburnus akili Battalgil 1942 in honor of Akil Muhtar Özden (1877–1949), professor of pharmacodynamics and clinical therapy at Istanbul University Medical School and internal medicine expert
Alburnus albidus (Costa 1838) Latin for whitish or white, referring to silvery-white coloration
Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758) Latin for whitefish, from albus, white (without lustre), referring to pale, silvery coloration; name also reflects the British vernacular bleak, a little-used synonym for pale
Alburnus arborella (Bonaparte 1841) presumably a misspelling of alborella, Italian vernacular for this species
Alburnus attalus Özuluğ & Freyhof 2007 named for Attalus I (269–197 BC), who ruled Pergamon, a Hellenistic polis in contemporary Turkey, where it is endemic
Alburnus baliki Bogutskaya, Küçük & Ünlü 2000 in honor of Turkish ichthyologist Süleyman Balik, for contributions to the knowledge of fishes of West Anatolia and the Mediterranean region of Turkey
Alburnus belvica Karaman 1924 Macedonian vernacular for this species at Lake Prespa (type locality), meaning “white fish”
Alburnus caeruleus Heckel 1843 Latin for dark- or sky-blue, referring to blue horizontal stripe on side
Alburnus carianorum Freyhof, Kaya, Bayçelebi, Geiger & Turan 2019 named for the Carians, inhabitants of the ancient province of Caria in the southern Anatolian Aegean basin, where this species occurs [replacement name for A. kurui Mangit & Yerli 2018, which became a secondary homonym when Leuciscus kurui Bogutskaya 1995 was moved to Alburnus; proposed in 2018 but redescribed the next year with validly designated holotype, so name dates to 2019]
Alburnus carinatus Battalgil 1941 Latin for keeled, referring to well-developed ventral keel
Alburnus chalcoides (Güldenstädt 1772) –oides, Latinized suffix adopted from eī́dos (Gr. εἶδος), form or shape: chalkós (Gr. χαλκός), brass or copper, alluding to Greek common name Harengus chalcois (copper herring), perhaps referring to copper sheen of head and opercular region of some specimens
Alburnus danubicus Antipa 1909 –icus (L.), belonging to: Danube River Delta, described as a Danube variety of A. chalcoides
Alburnus demiri Özuluğ & Freyhof 2007 in honor of Turkish marine biologist Muzaffer Demir, for “great” contributions to the knowledge of Turkish benthic invertebrates and marine fishes
Alburnus derjugini Berg 1923 in honor of oceanographer Konstantin Mikhailovich Deryugin (1878–1938), who recognized this species as a distinct form in 1899 but did not name it
Alburnus doriae De Filippi 1865 in honor of Italian zoologist Giacoma Doria (1840–1913), president of the Italian Geographic Society, who led (or at least supported) expedition during which holotype was collected [although named after a man, “ae” is an acceptable way to form a genitive from a masculine noun that ends in “a”]
Alburnus escherichii Steindachner 1897 in honor of German physician-entomologist Karl L. Escherich (1871–1951), who collected holotype
Alburnus filippii Kessler 1877 patronym not identified but probably in honor of Italian physician-zoologist Filippo de Filippi (1814–1867), presumably for his work on Central Asian fishes
Alburnus goekhani Özuluğ, Geiger & Freyhof 2018 in honor of Staff Col. Gökhan Peker, cousin of the first author, one of 13 Turkish soldiers who died when their helicopter hit high-voltage power lines and crashed in 2017
Alburnus hohenackeri Kessler 1877 in honor of Swiss missionary and botanist Rudolph Hohenhacker (1798–1874), who collected part of the type series
Alburnus istanbulensis Battalgil 1941 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Istanbul, Turkey, near type locality at Kâathane (Kagithane) stream, Bosphorus River drainage
Alburnus kotschyi Steindachner 1863 in honor of Austrian botanist and explorer Theodor Kotschy (1813–1866), who collected holotype
Alburnus kurui (Bogutskaya 1995) in honor of Turkish ichthyologist Mustafa Kuru (b. 1940), Başkent University (Ankara), who collected holotype [not to be confused with Alburnoides kurui]
Alburnus leobergi Freyhof & Kottelat 2007 in honor of Soviet ichthyologist Lev (also Leo) Semyonovich Berg (1876–1950), who first realized (1949) that there were different species of Alburnus in the Black and Azov Sea basins
Alburnus macedonicus Karaman 1928 –icus (L.), belonging to: Macedonia, where type localities (Lake Dojran and Vardar River) are situated
Alburnus magnificus Freyhof & Turan 2019 Latin for great, referring to its “magnificent” color in life (flank pattern of bold black, grey or brown scales on a silvery or brown background with orange or hyaline fins)
Alburnus mandrensis (Drensky 1943) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Lake Mandras drainage, Black Sea basin, Bulgaria, type locality
Alburnus maximus (Fatio 1882) Latin for greatest or largest, referring to its larger size compared with A. arborella
Alburnus mento (Heckel 1837) from mentum (L.), chin, referring to lower jaw considerably projecting beyond upper
Alburnus mentoides Kessler 1859- -oides, Latinized suffix adopted from eī́dos (Gr. εἶδος), form or shape: “very close” (translation) in appearance with A. mento
Alburnus neretvae Buj, Šanda & Perea 2010 of the Neretva River drainage (Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina), where it is endemic
Alburnus nicaeensis Battalgil 1941 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Nicaea, ancient Greek name for what is now İznik, Turkey, referring to Lake İznik, type locality [extinct by end of 20th century due to introduction of Big-scale Sand Smelt Atherina boyeri]
Alburnus oblongus (Bulgakov 1923) Latin for oblong (longer than broad), allusion not explained, perhaps referring to its “elongated, somewhat slender” (translation) body
Alburnus orontis Sauvage 1882 –is, Latin genitive singular of: Orontes, principal river in Syria, type locality
Alburnus qalilus Krupp 1992 Arabic word for few, referring to low number of lateral line scales and anal fin rays compared to congeners
Alburnus sarmaticus Freyhof & Kottelat 2007 –icus (L.), belonging to: Sarmatians, a group of tribes who inhabited southern Russia, Ukraine and eastern Balkans from 5th century BC to 4th century AD, referring to its distribution in Rivers South Bug and Danube (Bulgaria, Croatia, Romania, Slovenia, Ukraine)
Alburnus sava Bogutskaya, Zupančič, Jelić, Diripasko & Naseka 2017 referring to the Sava River drainage, Black Sea basin (Slovenia and Croatia), where it appears to be endemic
Alburnus schischkovi (Drensky 1943) in honor of Bulgarian biologist Georgi Chichkoff (also spelled Chichkov and Schischkov), who reported this species as unique in 1935 but assigned it to Chalcalnurnus chalcoides derjugini (=A. derjugini) in 1935
Alburnus scoranza Bonaparte 1845 vernacular for this species in Lake Skadar (border of Montenegro and Albania), type locality [authorship sometimes attributed to Heckel & Kner 1857]
Alburnus sellal Heckel 1843 vernacular for this species in Aleppo, Syria
Alburnus taeniatus Kessler 1874 Latin for banded, referring to wide, straight dark band running along sides above lateral line
Alburnus tarichi (Güldenstädt 1814) Georgian vernacular for this species (given in English as tarek)
Alburnus timarensis Kuru 1980 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Yumrutepe-Timar, Turkey, where Karasu River (type locality) is situated
Alburnus thessalicus Stephanidis 1950 -icus (L.), belonging to: Thessaly, Greece, where Rivers Pinios and Sperchios, type localities, are situated [not to be confused with Alburnoides thessalicus]
Alburnus ulanus (Günther 1899) –anus (L.), belonging to: Ula (town) on the Zola Chai (river), northwestern Iran, type locality
Alburnus vistonicus Freyhof & Kottelat 2007 –icus, belonging to: Lake Vistonis, Greece, only known area of occurrence
Alburnus volviticus Freyhof & Kottelat 2007 icus, belonging to: Lake Volvi, Greece, only known extant area of occurrence (extirpated from Lake Koronia) [replacement name for Chalcalburnus chalcoides macedonicus Stephanidis 1971, a junior secondary homonym of Alburnus macedonicus Karaman 1928]
Anaecypris Collares-Pereira 1983 Anas, Latin name of Guadiana River, Spain, type locality of A. hispanica; cypris, a small carp, a common suffix for cyprinid genera
Anaecypris hispanica (Steindachner 1866) –ica (L.), belonging to: Hispania, Roman name for Iberian Peninsula, referring to its distribution in Spain and Portugal
Anaecypris punicus (Pellegrin 1920) –icus (L.), belonging to: Punic (i.e., Carthage in North Africa), region in modern-day Tunisia where type locality (Oued Lenjas) is situated
Aspiolucius Berg 1907 Aspius (=Leuciscus), presumed genus at the time; lucius (L.), pike (Esocidae), i.e., an asp-like leuciscid with a pike-like shape
Aspiolucius esocinus (Kessler 1874) scientific Neo-Latin for pike-like, referring to its elongate shape, similar to pikes (Esox, Esocidae)
Ballerus Heckel 1843 tautonymous with Cyprinus ballerus Linnaeus 1758, from báleros (Gr. βάλερος), ancient name first mentioned by Aristotle [treated as a junior synonym of Abramis by some authors]
Ballerus ballerus (Linnaeus 1758) báleros (Gr. βάλερος), ancient name for this species, first mentioned by Aristotle
Ballerus sapa (Pallas 1814) from Russian vernacular for this species, ssapà or ssopa
Blicca Heckel 1843 tautonymous with Cyprinus blicca Bloch 1782 (=B. bjoerkna), from the German vernacular Blicke
Blicca bjoerkna (Linnaeus 1758) from björkna, Swedish vernacular for this species
Chondrostoma Agassiz 1832 chóndros (Gr. χόνδρος), gristle or cartilage; stóma (Gr. στόμα), mouth, referring to presumed content of horny layer on lower lip
Chondrostoma angorense Elvira 1987 –ense, Latin suffix denoting place: Angora (Ankara), capital of Turkey, country where it is endemic (name was coined by Franz Steindachner while labeling type specimens but never published) [possibly a junior synonym of C. colchicum]
Chondrostoma beysehirense Bogutskaya 1997 –ense, Latin suffix denoting place: Beysehir Lake, Turkey, type locality
Chondrostoma ceyhanense Küçük, Turan, Güçlü, Mutlu & Çiftci 2017 –ense, Latin suffix denoting place: Ceyhan River, Kahramanmaraş Province, Turkey, type locality
Chondrostoma colchicum Derjugin 1899 –icus (L.), belonging to: Colchis, ancient name for eastern coast of Black Sea in Georgia, type locality
Chondrostoma cyri Kessler 1877 of the Kura River (Cyrus in Latin), Georgia, type locality
Chondrostoma esmaeilii Eagderi, Jouladeh-Roudbar, Birecikligil, Çiçek & Coad 2017 in honor of Iranian ichthyologist Hamid Reza Esmaeili, for “long and outstanding” contributions in biology and systematic studies of Iranian freshwater fishes
Chondrostoma holmwoodii (Boulenger 1896) in honor of Frederic Holmwood (1840–1896), British Consul-General at Smyrna (now İzmir, Turkey), who collected holotype
Chondrostoma kinzelbachi Krupp 1985 in honor of German limnologist-parasitologist Ragnar Kinzelbach (b. 1941), who placed holotype at Krupp’s disposal, for his contributions to the knowledge of Middle East zoology
Chondrostoma knerii Heckel 1843 patronym not identified but certainly in honor of Heckel’s Vienna colleague, Austrian ichthyologist Rudolf Kner (1810–1869)
Chondrostoma kubanicum Berg 1914 –icum (L.), belonging to: Kuban River drainage, Black Sea basin, where it is endemic
Chondrostoma meandrense Elvira 1987 –ense, Latin suffix denoting place: Büyük Menderes river basin, Anatolia, where it is endemic
Chondrostoma nasus (Linnaeus 1758) Latin for nose, referring to its prominent snout (“rostro prominente”)
Chondrostoma ohridanum Karaman 1924 –anum (L.), belonging to: Lake Ohrid drainage, Macedonia and Albania, where it is endemic
Chondrostoma orientale Bianco & Bănărescu 1982 Latin for eastern, being the easternmost species of the genus
Chondrostoma oxyrhynchum Kessler 1877 sharp-snouted, from oxýs (Gr. ὀξύς), sharp or pointed, and rhýnchos (Gr. ῥύγχος), snout, referring to its slightly prominent snout
Chondrostoma phoxinus Heckel 1843 referring to shape and scales similar to those of Cyprinus (=Phoxinus) phoxinus (Phoxininae)
Chondrostoma prespense Karaman 1924 –ense, Latin suffix denoting place: Lakes Prespa basin (Greece, Macedonia and Albania), where it is endemic
Chondrostoma regium (Heckel 1843) Latin for royal, translation of Zurri, Arabic vernacular for this species in Mosul, Iraq
Chondrostoma scodrense Elvira 1987 –ense, Latin suffix denoting place: Scodra, Latin name of Lake Scutari, border of Montenegro and Albania, where it is (or was) endemic (probably extinct)
Chondrostoma smyrnae Küçük, Çiftci, Güçlü & Turan 2021 of Smyrna (now known as İzmir), Turkey, where type locality (Tahtalı reservoir) is situated
Chondrostoma soetta Bonaparte 1840 presumably a Latinization of savetta, Italian vernacular for this species
Chondrostoma toros Küçük, Turan, Güçlü, Mutlu & Çiftci 2017 Turkish for Taurus, referring to the Central Taurus Mountains of Turkey, where it occurs
Chondrostoma turnai Güçlü, Küçük, Turan, Çiftçi & Mutlu 2018 in honor of Ismail Ibrahim Turna (1957–2016), Suleyman Demirel University, for his “great contribution” to hydrobiology in Turkey
Chondrostoma vardarense Karaman 1928 –ense, Latin suffix denoting place: Vardar River, Macedonia, type locality
Chondrostoma variabile Yakovlev 1870 Latin for variable, referring to “inconsistency of species characteristics, which vary more or less highly” (translation), e.g., shape of pharyngeal bone, number of pharyngeal teeth, head and body shape, position of fins, coloration, and meristic counts
Delminichthys Freyhof, Lieckfeldt, Bogutskaya, Pitra & Ludwig 2006 Delminium, capital of pre-Roman Dalmatia, Croatia, country where all species occur; ichthýs (Gr. ἰχθύς), fish
Delminichthys adspersus (Heckel 1843) alternative spelling of aspersus (L.), besprinkled, “densely studded with black dots” (translation)
Delminichthys ghetaldii (Steindachner 1882) in honor of Croatian mayor and horticulturalist Francesco Ghetaldi-Gondola (1833–1899), who apparently facilitated the collection of holotype from an underground cave in Herzegovina
Delminichthys jadovensis (Zupančič & Bogutskaya 2002) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Jadova River at Ploca, Croatia, type locality
Delminichthys krbavensis (Zupančič & Bogutskaya 2002) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Krbava, Croatia, type locality
Egirdira Freyhof 2022 named for Lake Eğirdir basin, Turkey, where E. nigra is endemic
Egirdira nigra (Kosswig & Geldiay 1952) Latin for black, referring to color exhibited by males in breeding season [previously known as Pseudophoxinus egridiri (Karaman 1972)]
Iberochondrostoma Robalo, Almada, Levy & Doadrio 2007 Ibero-, referring to Iberian Peninsula, where this genus, formerly recognized as Chondrostoma, occurs
Iberochondrostoma almacai (Coelho, Mesquita & Collares-Pereira 2005) in honor of Carlos Almaça (1934–2010), University of Lisbon, “for his long and outstanding contributions to the study of differentiation patterns and evolutionary processes of Euro-Mediterranean cyprinids”
Iberochondrostoma lemmingii (Steindachner 1866) patronym not identified nor able to infer from available evidence (originally spelled leminingii by Steindachner, apparently in error)
Iberochondrostoma lusitanicum (Collares-Pereira 1980) –icus (L.), belonging to: Lusitania, ancient name of Portugal, where it is endemic
Iberochondrostoma olisiponense (Gante, Santos & Alves 2007) –ense, Latin suffix denoting place: Oliispo, archaic name for Lisbon, Portugal, general vicinity where it occurs
Iberochondrostoma oretanum (Doadrio & Carmona 2003) –anum (L.), belonging to: Oretania, area in south-central Spain formerly inhabited by the Oretano people, corresponding to its range
Ladigesocypris Karaman 1972 in honor of aquarist and ichthyologist Werner Ladiges (1910–1984), director, Zoologisches Staatsinstitut und Zoologischen Museum in Hamburg, who helped Karaman with the “linguistic structure” (translation) of his manuscript, and who described two of the three species of the genus; cypris, common suffix for small cyprinoid genera,derived from Cyprinus (Common Carp)
Ladigesocypris ghigii (Gianferrari 1927) in honor of zoologist Alessandro Ghigi (1875–1970), University of Bologna (Italy), who collected holotype
Ladigesocypris mermere (Ladiges 1960) named for Mermere (Lake Marmara), Turkey, type locality
Leucalburnus Berg 1916 described as intermediate between the Leuciscus and Alburnus
Leucalburnus satunini (Berg 1910) in honor of Russian zoologist Konstantin Alekseevich Satunin (1853–1916), who collected holotype
Leucaspius Heckel & Kner 1858 combination of Leucos and Aspius (=Leuciscus), described as having the pharyngeal teeth morphology of the former and the lower-jaw placement (entering depression of upper jaw) of the latter
Leucaspius delineatus (Heckel 1843) de– (L. prefix), removed; lineatus (L.), lined, referring to seeming absence of lateral line (just 8–12 pored scales)
Leuciscus Cuvier 1816 tautonymous with Cyprinus leuciscus Linnaeus 1758, from leukískos (Gr. λευκίσκος), a “white mullet” (often applied to Alburnus alburnus), diminutive of leukós (λευκός), white, referring to its silvery sides
Leuciscus aspius (Linnaeus 1758) Latinization of asp, derived from esp or esping, Swedish vernacular for this species, perhaps alluding to how its spectacular April spawning run coincides with the blooming of the asp tree, Populus tremula (Sven O. Kullander, pers. comm.) [sometimes placed in Aspius, treated here as a synonym of Leuciscus]
Leuciscus aspius taeniatus (Eichwald 1831) Latin for banded, referring to several longitudinal black bands on sides
Leuciscus baicalensis (Dybowski 1874) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Lake Baikal basin, Russia, where it is endemic
Leuciscus bearnensis (Blanchard 1866) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Béarn, France, where Lake Mariscot (type locality) is situated
Leuciscus bergi Kashkarov 1925 in honor of Russian ichthyologist Lev (or Leo) Semyonovich Berg (1876–1950), an “eminent scientist in general, and ichthyologist in particular” (translation)
Leuciscus burdigalensis Valenciennes 1844 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Burdigala, ancient name of Bordeaux, France, area of Gironde estuary, type locality
Leuciscus chuanchicus (Kessler 1876) –icus (L.), belonging to: Chuanche (or Chuan Che, “Yellow”) River, Yangtze River drainage, Qinuhai Province, China, type locality
Leuciscus danilewskii (Kessler 1877) in honor of Nikolai Danilewski (also spelled Nikolay Danilevsky, 1822–1885), Russian naturalist, economist, ethnologist, philosopher and historian, who collected two specimens in type series
Leuciscus dzungaricus Paepke & Koch 1998 –icus (L.), belonging to: Dzungarian Gobi (Mongolia and China), where it occurs
Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus 1758) Latinization of its Swedish vernacular id, possibly borrowed from the French ide
Leuciscus lehmanni Brandt 1852 in honor of Russian biologist Alexander Lehmann (1814-1842), who led 1841–1842 expedition during which holotype was collected (and during which he took ill and died on his way home)
Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758) from leukískos (Gr. λευκίσκος), a “white mullet” (often applied to Alburnus alburnus), diminutive of leukós (Gr. λευκός), white, referring to its silvery sides
Leuciscus lindbergi Zanin & Eremejev 1934 in honor of ichthyologist Georgii Ustinovich Lindberg (1894–1976), Russian Academy of Sciences, who supervised the authors’ work
Leuciscus merzbacheri (Zugmayer 1912) in honor of German geographer, mountaineer and explorer Gottfried Merzbacher (1843–1926), who collected holotype
Leuciscus oxianus (Kessler 1877) –anus (L.), belonging to: Oxua River, ancient name for Amu Darya, Uzbekistan, type locality
Leuciscus oxyrrhis (La Blanchère 1873) oxýs (Gr. ὀξύς), sharp or pointed; rhís (Gr. ῥίς), nose, referring to its long snout, “jutting out in a sharp point in front of mouth” (translation)
Leuciscus schmidti (Herzenstein 1896) in honor of P. Schmidt, presumably Russian ichthyologist Petr Yulievich Schmidt (1872–1949), who collected holotype
Leuciscus vorax (Heckel 1843) voracious, translation of Arabic name kaschschasck, referring to how it “consumes everything it finds” (translation) [sometimes placed in Aspius, treated here as a synonym of Leuciscus]
Leuciscus waleckii (Dybowski 1869) patronym not identified but likely in honor of Dybowski’s Polish colleague, zoologist Antoni Wałecki (1815–1897)
Leucos Heckel 1843 from leukós (Gr. λευκός), white, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to silver-white color of L. aula
Leucos albus (Marić 2010) Latin for white, referring to silver-white color in life
Leucos aula (Bonaparte 1841) etymology not explained, possibly a Latinization of avola, Italian or Venetian vernacular for a bleak (Alburnus sp.) but perhaps historically applied to this species as well
Leucos basak (Heckel 1843) Croatian vernacular for this species
Leucos panosi (Bogutskaya & Iliadou 2006) in honor of Greek ichthyologist Panos Stavros Economidis, who recognized this species as an undescribed taxon in 1991
Leucos ylikiensis (Economidis 1991) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Lake Yliki, Greece, type locality
Mirogrex Goren, Fishelson & Trewavas 1973 mirus (L.), wonderful or amazing; grex (L.), flock or shoal, referring to a “miraculous draught” of fishes (one of two miracles attributed to Jesus), which may have been M. terraesanctae or Sarotherodon galilaeus (Cichlidae)
Mirogrex hulensis Goren, Fishelson & Trewavas 1973 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Lake Huleh, Israel, type locality (now extinct due to deliberate draining of lake in the 1950s)
Mirogrex terraesanctae (Steinitz 1952) of terra (L.), land, and sanctus (L.) holy, i.e., the Holy Land, referring to Lake Tiberias (or Sea of Galilee), Israel, where it is endemic
Notemigonus Rafinesque 1819 nṓtos (Gr. νῶτος), back; [h]emi-, from hḗmisys (Gr. ἥμισυς), half; gōnía (Gr. γωνία), corner or angle, referring to obtusely angled, or carinated, back, from which it differs from the superficially similar herring genus Clupea
Notemigonus crysoleucas (Mitchill 1814) chrysós (Gr. χρυσός), golden, referring to color of eyes and gill cover and “tinge of the same along the belly”; leukós (Gr. λευκός), white, referring to its “shining white scales”
Pachychilon Steindachner 1882 pachýs (Gr. παχύς), thick or stout; chilon, derived and Latinized (ει to i) from cheī́los, lip, referring to thick lips, the lower extending across the symphysis as a distinctly continuous fold
Pachychilon macedonicum (Steindachner 1892) –icum (L.), belonging to: Macedonia, historical region encompassing distribution of this species, including North Macedonia and much of Greece
Pachychilon pictum (Heckel & Kner 1858) Latin for painted or colored, probably referring to numerous dark brown marks of various shapes and sizes on body
Parachondrostoma Robalo, Almada, Levy & Doadrio 2007 pará (Gr. παρά), near, similar to Chondrostoma
Parachondrostoma arrigonis (Steindachner 1866) –is, Latin genitive singular of: Steindachner’s “dear friend” Prof. Arrigo of Valencia (forename not given), who died of cholera in 1865 in the “prime of his years and work” (translation)
Parachondrostoma miegii (Steindachner 1866) patronym not identified, possibly in honor of Swiss-Spanish naturalist Juan Mieg (1779–1859)
Parachondrostoma toxostoma (Vallot 1837) tóxon (Gr. τόξον), bow; stóma (Gr. στόμα), mouth, referring to its curved, or crescent-shaped, mouth
Parachondrostoma turiense (Elvira 1987) –ense, Latin suffix denoting place: Turia River, Chulilla, Valencia, Spain, type locality
Pelasgus Kottelat & Freyhof 2007 based on the Pelasgians, groups of people who inhabited lands around Aegean Sea before arrival of Indo-European and proto-Greek-speaking invaders during the 2nd millennium BC, referring to distribution of all included species in the Balkan Peninsula
Pelasgus epiroticus (Steindachner 1895) –icus (L.), belonging to: Epirus, historical and geographical region straddling Greece and Albania (described from Albania but presently known only from Lake Pamvotis, Epirus, Greece)
Pelasgus laconicus (Kottelat & Barbieri 2004) –icus (L.), belonging to: Lakonias District, Greece, type locality
Pelasgus marathonicus (Vinciguerra 1921) –icus (L.), belonging to: Marathon, Greece, type locality
Pelasgus minutus (Karaman 1924) Latin for small, referring to smaller scales compared with presumed congeners in Pseudophoxinus (genus in which it was described) and/or small size (up to 53 mm SL), the latter of which may have caused Steindachner to overlook its distinctiveness in an earlier collection
Pelasgus prespensis (Karaman 1924) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Lake Prespa and tributaries, Macedonia, type locality
Pelasgus stymphalicus (Valenciennes 1844) –icus (L.), belonging to: Lake Zaraco, Greece, type locality, where a mythological man-eating bird, stymphalis, was slain by Hercules
Pelasgus thesproticus (Stephanidis 1939) –icus (L.), belonging to: Thesprotia District, Greece, type locality
Pelecus Agassiz 1835 etymology not explained, probably from pélekus (Gr. πέλεκυς), battle axe, referring to its knife-like shape
Pelecus cultratus (Linnaeus 1758) Latin for knife-shaped, referring to its knife- or razor-like shape
Pelecus cultratus kurensis Smirnov 1943 –ensis, suffix Latin denoting place: Kura River basin, Caspian Sea drainage, where it is endemic
Petroleuciscus Bogutskaya 2002 Petro, Latinization of Petr, forename of “famous freshwater ichthyologist” Petru Bănărescu (1921–2009) and of Bogutskaya’s son, Petr Naseka; Leuciscus, all pre-2002 species previously placed in that genus
Petroleuciscus aphipsi (Aleksandrov 1927) of Aphips River above Krepostnaya, Kuban Basin, Russia, type locality
Petroleuciscus atropatenae (Berg 1925) of Atropatene, ancient kingdom that includes modern-day Iran, Azarbaijan and Kurdistan, referring to distribution in northwestern Iran
Petroleuciscus borysthenicus (Kessler 1859) –icus (L.), belonging to: Borysthenes, name from classical antiquity usually referring to the Dnieper River, type locality
Petroleuciscus ninae Turan, Kalayci, Kaya, Bektaş & Küçük 2018 in honor of Russian ichthyologist Nina G. Bogutskaya (b. 1958), for her contribution to the knowledge of the fishes of Europe and Asia
Petroleuciscus smyrnaeus (Boulenger 1896) –eus (L.), adjectival suffix: of Smyrna (now known as İzmir), Turkey, type locality
Petroleuciscus squaliusculus (Kessler 1872) diminutive of Squalius (genus in which it was described) or squalus, probably referring to small size (95–130 mm) compared with S. squalus (up to 600 mm)
Phoxinellus Heckel 1843 diminutive of Phoxinus, referring to similarity of size and shape of P. alepidotus to Cyprinus (=Phoxinus) phoxinus (Phoxininae)
Phoxinellus alepidotus Heckel 1843 ἀ- Greek privative, i.e., without; lepidōtós (Gr. λεπιδωτός), scaly, referring to scaleless body except for lateral line
Phoxinellus dalmaticus Zupančič & Bogutskaya 2000 –icus (L.), belonging to: Dalmatia, region in southern Croatia where it is endemic
Phoxinellus pseudalepidotus Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2003 pseúdēs (Gr. ψεύδης), false, i.e., although similar to P. alepidotus in body shape and scalelessness (except for lateral line), such an appearance is false
Protochondrostoma Robalo, Almada, Levy & Doadrio 2007 prṓtos (Gr. πρῶτος), first, referring to its basal position among group of genera that formerly comprised Chondrostoma
Protochondrostoma genei (Bonaparte 1839) in honor of Italian zoologist Giuseppe Géné (1800–1847), director of the Royal Zoological Museum at Turin
Pseudochondrostoma Robalo, Almada, Levy & Doadrio 2007 pseúdēs (Gr. ψεύδης), false, i.e., although this genus is similar to Chondrostoma (as a “consequence of homoplasy in multipletraits”), such an appearance is false
Pseudochondrostoma duriense (Coelho 1985) –ense, Latin suffix denoting place: Douro River basin, Portugal, type locality
Pseudochondrostoma polylepis (Steindachner 1864) polý (Gr. πολύ), many; lepís (Gr. λεπίς), scale, presumably referring to 69–74 scales along lateral line, more than Chondrostoma nasus, with which this species had been confused
Pseudochondrostoma willkommii (Steindachner 1866) patronym not identified but probably in honor of German botanist Heinrich Moritz Willkomm (1821–1895), who studied the flora of Spain and Portugal, where this species occurs
Pseudophoxinus Bleeker 1860 pseúdēs (Gr. ψεύδης), false, presumably referring to similarity of P. zeregi to Cyprinus (=Phoxinus) phoxinus (Phoxininae)
Pseudophoxinus alii Küçük 2007 in honor of Ali, Küçük’s father
Pseudophoxinus anatolicus (Hankó 1925) –icus (L.), belonging to: Anatolia, geographic and historical term denoting westernmost protrusion of Asia (Asia Minor), where Europe and Asian meet, comprising most of Turkey, where it is endemic
Pseudophoxinus antalyae Bogutskaya 1992 of Antalya, Turkey, town near type locality in Stream Kirkgöz
Pseudophoxinus battalgilae Bogutskaya 1997 in honor of Turkish ichthyologist Fahire Battalgil (later Battalgazi, 1902–1948), “who contributed considerably to the knowledge of Turkish freshwater fishes”
Pseudophoxinus burduricus Küçük, Gülle, Güçlü, Çiftçi & Erdoğan 2013 –icus (L.), belonging to: Burdur Province, Turkey, type locality
Pseudophoxinus caralis (Battalgil 1942) etymology not explained, perhaps a Latinization of karali, Turkish for “painted with black,” referring to dark streaks along sides
Pseudophoxinus cilicicus Saç, Özuluğ, Geiger & Freyhof 2019 –icus (L.), belonging to: Roman province of Cilicia, which encompassed lower reaches of Seyhan and Ceyhan rivers, Turkey, where it occurs
Pseudophoxinus crassus (Ladiges 1960) Latin for thick or fat, presumably referring to its much stouter body than P. meandricus
Pseudophoxinus drusensis (Pellegrin 1933) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Jabal al-Druze, an autonomous state in the French Mandate of Syria from 1921 to 1936, where type locality (Al-Mazra’a), is situated
Pseudophoxinus elizavetae Bogutskaya, Küçük & Atalay 2006 in honor of physician Elizaveta Bogutskaya (b. 1981), the senior author’s daughter
Pseudophoxinus evliyae Freyhof & Özuluğ 2010 in honor of Evliya Çelebi (1611–1683), the “most famous Ottoman traveler,” whose travel notes were published in the 10-volume Seyahatname (Book of Travels)
Pseudophoxinus fahrettini Freyhof & Özuluğ 2010 in honor of Turkish zoologist Fahrettin Küçük, Süleyman Demirel University, for his contribution to the knowledge of Central Anatolian fishes
Pseudophoxinus firati Bogutskaya, Küçük & Atalay 2006 of Firat Nehri (Turkish name for Euphrates River), referring to its occurrence in the Euphrates River drainage
Pseudophoxinus handlirschi (Pietschmann 1933) in honor of Austrian entomologist Anton Handlirsch (1865–1935), Pietschmann’s colleague at the Naturhistorisches Museum (Vienna)
Pseudophoxinus hasani Krupp 1992 of Nab’ Hasan, source of Nahr Marqiya (type locality), Mediterranean coastal drainage, Syria
Pseudophoxinus hittitorum Freyhof & Özuluğ 2010 –orum (L.), commemorative suffix, plural: Hittites, an ancient Anatolian culture (~1750– 1180 BC), referring to a 13th-century Hittite monument built at Eflatun Pinar, Turkey, type locality
Pseudophoxinus iconii Küçük, Gülle & Güçlü 2016 of Iconium, ancient name of Konya Province, Central Anatolia, Turkey, where it occurs
Pseudophoxinus kervillei (Pellegrin 1911) in honor of French biologist, archaeologist and photographer Henri Gadeau de Kerville (1858–1940), who collected holotype
Pseudophoxinus libani (Lortet 1883) of Liban (Lebanon), where type locality (Lake Yammouni, also spelled Yamuni, Lammouni and Yammouneh) is situated
Pseudophoxinus maeandri (Ladiges 1960) of Menderes River headwaters, near Işıklı, Turkey, type locality [not to be confused with P. maeandricus]
Pseudophoxinus maeandricus (Ladiges 1960) –icus (L.), belonging to: Menderes River, near Işıklı, Turkey, type locality [not to be confused with P. maeandri]
Pseudophoxinus mehmeti Ekmekçi, Atalay, Yoğurtçuoğlu, Turan & Küçük 2015 in honor of hydrological engineer Mehmet Ekmekçi, for contributions to studies in hydrological description and characterization and interpretations of drainage networks and watersheds, plus his full support as the husband of the first author
Pseudophoxinus ninae Freyhof & Özuluğ 2010 in honor of Russian ichthyologist Nina G. Bogutskaya (b. 1958), author of “important” papers on Anatolian Pseudophoxinus and other leuciscids
Pseudophoxinus syriacus (Lortet 1883) –icus (L.), belonging to: Syria, where it is endemic
Pseudophoxinus turani Küçük & Güçlü 2014 in honor of Turkish ichthyologist Davut Turan, for his contributions to our knowledge of the fishes of Anatolia
Pseudophoxinus zekayi Bogutskaya, Küçük & Atalay 2006 in honor of Zekay Atalay (relationship to third author not explained)
Pseudophoxinus zeregi (Heckel 1843) Syrian vernacular for this species
Rutilus Rafinesque 1820 tautonymous withCyprinus rutilus
Rutilus atropatenus Derjavin 1937 Latinization of Atropatene, ancient Greek name (Ἀτροπατηνή) for the historic Azerbaijan region in northwestern Iran, and source of name of the Republic of Azerbaijan, where this species occurs
Rutilus caspicus (Yakovlev 1870) –icus (L.), belonging to: Caspian Sea basin, where it occurs [treated as a synonym of R. lacustris by some workers]
Rutilus frisii (Nordmann 1840) in honor of Scandinavian biologist Bengt Fredrik Fries (1799–1839), whose multi-volume work on Scandinavian fishes (authored with C. U. Ekström) is cited in Nordmann’s description of this species
Rutilus heckelii (Nordmann 1840) in honor of Nordmann’s friend, Johann Jakob Heckel (1790–1857), curator of fishes, Naturhistorisches Museum in Vienna, for advice and assistance [treated as a synonym of R. lacustris by some workers]
Rutilus kutum (Kamensky 1901) Russian vernacular for this species
Rutilus lacustris (Pallas 1814) Latin for relating to or associated with lakes (lacustrine) referring to its occurrence in the lakes (and rivers) of Siberia and described as especially abundant in Lake Baikal
Rutilus meidingeri (Heckel 1851) in honor of Carl von Meidinger (1750– 1820), Austrian nobleman who illustrated this species under the name Cyprinus grislagine (=Leuciscus leuciscus) circa 1794
Rutilus pigus (Lacepède 1803) Latinization of pigo or picho, Italian name for this species, dating to at least Salviani’s Aquatilium animalium (1558); Gessner (1560) says name derives from the German becken (to beat or strike) or bicken (to prick), referring to sharp, pointed tubercles on males during spawning season
Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758) Latin for red, golden red or reddish yellow, referring to the general color of its fins
Rutilus rutilus mariza Drensky 1926 named for Mariza River, Bulgaria, type locality
Rutilus sojuchbulagi Abdurakhmanov 1950 of Sojuch-Bulag, a tributary of the Kura River, Azerbaijan, type locality
Rutilus stoumboudae Bianco & Ketmaier 2014 in honor of Greek ichthyologist, colleague and friend, Maria Stoumboudi, for her research on the ecology and conservation of the freshwater fishes of Greece [treated as a synonym of R. lacustris by some workers]
Rutilus virgo (Heckel 1852) Latin for maid or maiden, probably referring to the German vernacular Fraufisch (womanfish)
Sarmarutilus Bianco & Ketmaier 2014 sarma, referring to Sarma Sea, an ancient European freshwater sea, where S. rubilio probably had its evolutionary roots; Rutilus, referring to previous placement in that genus
Sarmarutilus rubilio (Bonaparte 1837) presumably a diminutive of rubella, referring to similarity of head shape and head proportion to Leuciscus rubella (now considered conspecific)
Scardinius Bonaparte 1837 probably a Latinization of scardafa, Roman and Italian vernacular for S. scardafa
Scardinius acarnanicus Economidis 1991 –icus (L.), belonging to: Acarnania, region of west-central Greece that encompasses Acheleoos River basin, type locality
Scardinius dergle Heckel & Kner 1858 vernacular for this species in Dalmatia (southern Croatia)
Scardinius elmaliensis Bogutskaya 1997 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Elmali, in Vilayet Antalya, southern Turkey, type locality
Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus 1758) red-eyed, from erythrós (Gr. ἐρυθρός), red, and ophthalmós (Gr. ὀφθαλμός), eye, referring to red fleck on iris
Scardinius graecus Stephanidis 1937 from graikós (Gr. γραικός), Greek, a fish endemic to Greece
Scardinius hesperidicus Bonaparte 1845 –icus (L.), belonging to: the Hesperides, nymphs in Greek mythology who tend a blissful garden in a far western corner of the world, perhaps referring to type locality in the lakes of Piedmont in the far western corner of Italy
Scardinius knezevici Bianco & Kottelat 2005 in honor of the late Borivoj Knezevic (1948–1988), Montenegrin biologist who dedicated his life to the study and conservation of the freshwater fishes of Montenegro
Scardinius plotizza Heckel & Kner 1858 local vernacular for this species, and perhaps for all species of “Weissfische” (whitefish) in Croatia and/or Bosnia-Herzegovina
Scardinius racovitzai Müller 1958 in memory of Romanian biospeologist Emil G. Racovitza (1868–1947) on the tenth anniversary of his death
Scardinius scardafa (Bonaparte 1837) Roman and Italian vernacular for this species
Squalius Bonaparte 1837 proposed as a subgenus of Leuciscus, presumably named for L. squalus with an “i” added to avoid homonymy with the shark genus Squalus (in classical Latin, squalus refers to both a shark or dogfish and S. squalus); in addition, name could also be a Latinization of squaglio, the vernacular name of S. squalus in Rome and surrounding areas (Holger Funk, pers. comm.)
Squalius adanaensis Turan, Kottelat & Doğan 2013 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: city and eponymous province of Adana, Turkey, type locality
Squalius agdamicus Kamensky 1901 –icus (L.), pertaining to: near Agdam, Kuyra River basin, Azerbaijan, type locality
Squalius alburnoides (Steindachner 1866) –oides, Latinized suffix adopted from eī́dos (Gr. εἶδος), form or shape: Alburnus, referring to similarity of elongate body shape, narrow upward-facing mouth, and strongly notched teeth
Squalius anatolicus (Bogutskaya 1997) –icus (L.), belonging to: Anatolia, geographic and historical term denoting westernmost protrusion of Asia (Asia Minor), where Europe and Asian meet, comprising most of Turkey, where it is endemic
Squalius aradensis (Coelho, Bogutskaya, Rodrigues & Collares-Pereira 1998) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Arade River, Silves, Arade basin, Portugal, type locality
Squalius aristotelis Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011 named for Aristotle (384– 322 BC), Greek philosopher who lived from 348–245 BC in Assos, Turkey, type locality
Squalius berak Heckel 1843 Syrian vernacular for this species
Squalius cappadocicus Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011 –icus (L.), belonging to: Cappadocia, region in Central Anatolia where it occurs
Squalius carinus Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011 Latin for nut-brown, referring to its dark-brown color in life
Squalius carolitertii (Doadrio 1988) Latinization of Carlos III, in honor of the Spanish king who founded in 1777 the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid (where Doadrio and holotype are located)
Squalius castellanus Doadrio, Perea & Alonso 2007 –anus (L.), belonging to: Castille, Spanish region where it occurs
Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) from kephalḗ (Gr. κεφαλή), head, referring to its large, broad head, a name dating to capito of Ausonius (ca. 310–ca. 395)
Squalius cii (Richardson 1857) of Cius, ancient name of Gemelik River, northwestern Turkey, type locality
Squalius fellowesii (Günther 1868) in honor of British archaeologist Charles Fellowes (1799–1860), who presented holotype to the British Museum (Natural History)
Squalius gaditanus Doadrio & Perea 2023 –anus (L.), belonging to: Gades (Latin) or Gadir (Phoenician) names of Cádiz province, Spain, where this species occurs
Squalius illyricus Heckel & Kner 1858 –icus (L.), belonging to: Illyria, ancient name for western part of Balkan Peninsula, where type locality (Dalmatia, Croatia) is situated
Squalius irideus (Ladiges 1960) Latin for rainbow-like, referring to coloration in life, with reddish-golden sides, iridescent purple on shoulder, and silver belly
Squalius keadicus (Stephanidis 1971) –icus (L.), belonging to: Keadas (or Kaiadas), a chasm or precipice tributary to the Evrotas River (type locality), where ancient Spartans threw disabled and deformed babies to die
Squalius kosswigi (Karaman 1972) in honor of Turkish zoologist and geneticist Curt Kosswig (1903–1982), who collected holotype
Squalius kottelati Turan, Yilmaz & Kaya 2009 in honor of Swiss ichthyologist Maurice Kottelat (b. 1957), for his contributions to knowledge of the fishes of Europe and Asia
Squalius laietanus Doadrio, Kottelat & de Sostoa 2007 –anus (L.), belonging to: the Laietani, a Bronze-Age tribe inhabiting an area partly corresponding to present-day Catalonia, Spain, where this species occurs
Squalius latus Keyserling 1861 Latin for wide or broad, possibly referring to its “broad, flat face” (translation)
Squalius lepidus Heckel 1843 Latin for fine, pleasant or elegant, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to its reddish fins
Squalius lucumonis (Bianco 1983) Latinization of Lucumone, a person of authority to the ancient Etruscians, the type locality being the former Etruscan region of Italy
Squalius malacitanus Doadrio & Carmona 2006 –anus (L.), belonging to: province of Málaga (Malaca in Latin), Spain, where it occurs
Squalius microlepis Heckel 1843 micro-, from mikrós (Gr. μικρός), small; lepís (Gr. λεπίς), scale, referring to its small scales, 74 along lateral line
Squalius moreoticus (Stephanidis 1971) –icus (L.), belonging to: Morea, ancient name of Peloponnese peninsula in southern Greece, general area of type locality, Stymphalis Lake, Peloponnesus
Squalius namak Khaefi, Esmaeili, Sayyadzadeh, Geiger & Freyhof 2016 named for the Namak Lake basin, one of two basins in Iran where it occurs (the other is the Kavir basin)
Squalius orientalis (Nordmann 1840) Latin for eastern, referring to type locality east of Europe (Abkhazia)
Squalius orpheus Kottelat & Economidis 2006 named for Orpheus, legendary Thracian musician and poet, son of Thracian river-god Oiagros and the Muse Calliopte (also spelled Calliope), referring to its occurrence in Thrace, Greece
Squalius palaciosi (Doadrio 1980) in honor of Fernando Palacios Arribas, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (Marid, Spain), for his “tireless” (translation) research of Spanish vertebrates [sometimes placed in Iberocypris, treated here as a synonym of Squalius]
Squalius pamvoticus (Stephanidis 1939) –icus (L.), belonging to: Lake Pamvotis, central Greece, type locality
Squalius peloponensis (Valenciennes 1844) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Peloponnese, Greece, type locality
Squalius platyceps Zupančič, Marić, Naseka & Bogutskaya 2010 platýs (Gr. πλατύς), wide or broad; –ceps (Neo-Latin), headed, referring to its wide head (52–59% of head length)
Squalius prespensis (Fowler 1977) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Lake Prespa basin (Greece, Macedonia, Albania), where it is endemic
Squalius pursakensis (Hankó 1925) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: etymology not explained nor evident, possibly referring to Pursak Su, a tributary of the Sakarya River, Turkey (species occurs in Sakarya drainage)
Squalius pyrenaicus (Günther 1868) –icus (L.), belonging to: Pyrenees, mountain range separating Iberian Peninsula from rest of continental Europe, described from Mondego and Cintra (Sintra) rivers of Portugal
Squalius recurvirostris Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011 recurvus (L.), curved upwards; rostris, Neo-Latin scientific adjective of rostrum (L.), snout, referring to upturned snout in large individuals
Squalius ruffoi (Bianco & Recchia 1983) in honor of Italian naturalist Sandro Ruffo (1915–2010), former Director of Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona
Squalius semae Turan, Kottelat & Bayçelebia 2017 in honor of Sema Turan, “beloved” wife of first author
Squalius seyhanensis Turan, Kottelat & Doğan 2013 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Seyhan River drainage, Turkey, where it is endemic
Squalius spurius Heckel 1843 Latin for false or illegitmate, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to its close similarity to S. cephalopsis (=Leuciscus cephalus)
Squalius squalus (Bonaparte 1837) ancient name for this species, dating to the Roman scholar Varro (116 BC–27 BC); could also be a Latinization of squaglio, the vernacular name of S. squalus in Rome and surrounding areas (Holger Funk, pers. comm.)
Squalius svallize Heckel & Kner 1858 Croatian vernacular for this species
Squalius tartessicus Doadrio, Sousa-Santos & Perea 2023 –icus (L.), belonging to: Tartessos, a culture that for about 400 years (8th-5th centuries BC) was present in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula, where this species occurs
Squalius tenellus Heckel 1843 Latin for somewhat tender or delicate, allusion not explained, but here is a guess: referring to its small scales, 80 along lateral line
Squalius torgalensis (Coelho, Bogutskaya, Rodrigues & Collares-Pereira 1998) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Torgal River, Mira basin, Portugal, type locality
Squalius turcicus De Filippi 1865 –icus (L.), belonging to: Turkey, described from River Arax (Aras Nehr), near Erzurum, Turkey
Squalius valentinus Doadrio & Carmona 2006 Roman name of Valencia, Spanish region where it occurs
Squalius vardarensis Karaman 1928 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Vardar River drainage (Macedonia), type locality
Squalius verepi Turan 2022 in honor of Turkish biologist Bülent Verep (b. 1971), Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, who has “always supported” Turan throughout his research
Squalius zrmanjae Karaman 1928 of Zrmanja River, Croatia, type locality
Telestes Bonaparte 1837 etymology not explained, perhaps from teléstēs (Gr. τελέστης), completer or finisher (if so, allusion not evident); Jordan (1877) reports the name means “perfect” derived from téleios (Gr. Τέλειος), which can also mean “without spot or blemish,” but nothing in Bonaparte’s description supports this explanation (Telestes is also a murdered king of ancient Corinth [748 BC] and a poet of 5th-century Greece)
Telestes alfiensis (Stephanidis 1971) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Alfios River drainage, Peloponnesus, type locality
Telestes beoticus (Stephanidis 1939) –icus (L.), belonging to: Boeotia, Greece, where Lake Yliki (type locality) is situated
Telestes comes (Costa 1838) Latin for companion, described as almost always occurring with (or accompanying) Cyprinus dobula (=Leuciscus leuciscus)
Telestes croaticus (Steindachner 1866) –icus (L.), belongng to: Croatia, where it is endemic
Telestes dabar Bogutskaya, Zupančič, Bogut & Naseka 2012 named for Dabarsko, or Dabar Polje, Bosnia-Herzegovina, type locality
Telestes fontinalis (Karaman 1972) Latin for “of a spring or fountain,” referring to its spring habitat (also occurs in clearwater streams and enters subterranean waters during winter and droughts)
Telestes karsticus Marčić & Mrakovčić 2011 –icus (L.), belongng to: karst region in Croatia, where it is endemic
Telestes metohiensis (Steindachner 1901) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Metohia, Dalmatia, Yugoslavia (now Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina), type locality
Telestes miloradi Bogutskaya, Zupančič, Bogut & Naseka 2012 in honor of Croatian zoologist Milorad Mrakovčić (b. 1949), University of Zagreb, for his many contributions to the study of freshwater fishes in the Adriatic basin
Telestes montenigrinus (Vukovic 1963) –inus (L.), pertaining to: Montenegro, where Drina River, Moraca, type locality, is situated
Telestes muticellus (Bonaparte 1837) etymology not explained, possibly a Latinization of muticello, Tuscan vernacular for this species in Italy
Telestes pleurobipunctatus (Stephanidis 1939) pleurá (Gr. πλευρά), side; bi-, from bis (L.), twice; punctatus (L.), spotted, referring to a “double melanic or melanophore dotted line” (translation) along the sides
Telestes polylepis Steindachner 1866 polý (Gr. πολύ), many; lepís (Gr. λεπίς), scale, referring to “small, extremely delicate scales” (translation), 68–71 along lateral line
Telestes savigny Bonaparte 1840 based on a manuscript or museum name (spelled savignii) coined by Valenciennes, in honor of French zoologist Marie Jules César Savigny (1777–1851), who collected holotype (spelled savignyi on accompanying plate) [treated as a noun in apposition, without the genitive “i”]
Telestes souffia (Risso 1827) derived from soufie and soufia, vernaculars for this species in France
Telestes turskyi (Heckel 1843) in honor of Gen. Ritter von Tursky (1778–1856), governor of Dalmatia, whose support allowed Heckel to study the little-known fishes of present-day Croatia
Telestes ukliva (Heckel 1843) presumably Croatian vernacular for this species
Tropidophoxinellus Stephanidis 1974 tropidos (Gr. τροπιδοσ), genitive of trópis (τρόπις), keel, referring to scaleless keel between ventral fins and vent; Phoxinellus, described as “very close” to that genus
Tropidophoxinellus callensis (Guichenot 1850) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: La Calle, Algeria, type locality
Tropidophoxinellus chaignoni (Vaillant 1904) in honor of the viscount Henri de Chaignon (1833–1917), vice president, Société d’Histoire naturelle d’Autun, who collected holotype
Tropidophoxinellus hellenicus (Stephanidis 1971) from hellenikós (Gr.ἑλληνικός), Greek, a species endemic to Greece
Tropidophoxinellus spartiaticus (Schmidt-Ries 1943) –icus (L.), belonging to: Sparta, prominent city-state in ancient Greece, situated on banks of the River Eurotas (also spelled Evrotas), referring to its occurrence in present-day Peloponnese
Turcichondrostoma Turan, Küçük, Güçlü & Aksu 2021 Turcia, Latin for Turkey, where T. fahirae is endemic, i.e., a Turkish Chondrostoma (previous genus)
Turcichondrostoma fahirae (Ladiges 1960) in honor of Turkish zoologist Fahire Battalgazi (formerly Battalgil, 1902–1948), under whose research program holotype was collected
Vimba Fitzinger 1873 tautonymous with Cyprinus vimba Linnaeus 1758, presumably derived from its Swedish vernacular, vimma
Vimba melanops (Heckel 1837) mélanos (Gr. μέλανος), genitive of mélas (μέλας), black; ṓps (Gr. ὦψ), face or appearance, presumably referring to its overall dark coloration
Vimba mirabilis (Ladiges 1960) Latin for extraordinary or singular, referring to its distribution in western Anatolia, far from normal distribution of its presumed congeners in Acanthobrama (e.g., eastern Anatolia, Syria, Palestine)
Vimba persa (Pallas 1814) Latin for a Persian, referring to its occurrence in Iran (southern Caspian Sea drainage)
Vimba tenella (Nordmann 1840) Latin for somewhat tender or delicate, referring to its small size (“barely reaching five inches,” the smallest Abramis [original genus] Nordmann knew of), and/or its small, thin scales [often misspelled tenellus; treated as a subspecies or junior synonym of V. vimba by some workers]
Vimba vimba (Linnaeus 1758) presumably derived from its Swedish vernacular, vimma