Updated 15 Nov. 2024
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Ageneiogarra Garman 1912 ἀ-, Greek privative, i.e., not; geneiosus, Latinized adjective from géneion (Gr. γένειον), chin or beard (i.e., not bearded), proposed as a subgenus of Garra without barbels

Ageneiogarra imberba (Garman 1912) im– (L.), not; berba, presumably a variable or incorrect spelling of barbis (L.), bearded, referring to its lack of barbels

Ageneiogarra nujiangensis (Chen, Zhao & Yang 2009) -ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Nujiang River drainage, Yunnan Province, China, where it is endemic

Ageneiogarra theunensis (Kottelat 1998) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: upper Nam Theun River, Laos, type locality

Altigena Burton 1934 altus (L.), high; génys (Gr. γένυς), chin; name coined by Lin 1934 as a subgenus of Osteochilus distinguished by its higher, deeper cheeks [Lin included multiple species without designating which one was type, so authorship dates to Burton, an editor of the Zoological Record]

Altigena binhluensis (Nguyen 2002) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Bình Lu, Phong Thô, Vietnam, type locality

Altigena daos (Nguyen 2002) of the Dà River (Black River) basin, Lai Châu, Son La, Hoà Bình and part of Yên Lai Provinces, Vietnam, where it is endemic

Altigena discognathoides (Nichols & Pope 1927) –oides, Latinized suffix adopted from eī́dos (Gr. εἶδος), form or shape: presumably referring its to interior transverse mouth, which authors believed was a “relic … from ancestral bottom-living fishes such as Garra” (senior synonym of, but at that time used interchangeably with, Discognathus [Heckel 1843])

Altigena elegans (Kottelat 1998) Latin for fine or select, presumably reflecting Kottelat’s opinion about its shape, form and/or color

Altigena laticeps (Wu & Lin 1977) latus (L.), wide or broad; –ceps (Neo-Latin), headed, proposed as a subspecies of A. tonkinensis with head width approximately equal to, instead of less than, head depth

Altigena lippa (Fowler 1936) Latin for bleary-eyed or dim-sighted, presumably referring to its gray iris and/or pale border around eye

Altigena loos (Nguyen 2002) of the Lô River, Hà Giang and Tuyên Quang Provinces, Vietnam, one of the two rivers in which it occurs (the other is the Gâm River)

Altigena malihkaia Zheng, Qin & Chen 2018 –ia (L. suffix), belonging to: Mali Hka River, Irrawaddy River basin, Myanmar, type locality

Altigena sinkleri (Fowler 1934) in honor of James Mauran Rhodes Sinkler (1905–1981), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (USA), who helped collect fishes on the third De Schauensee Siamese Expedition (1932) to Thailand

Altigena tonkinensis (Pellegrin & Chevey 1934) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Nghia Lô, Tonkin, northern Vietnam, type locality

Altigena wui (Zheng & Chen 1983) in honor of Wu Hsien-Wen (also spelled Wu Xian-Wen, 1900–1985), National Research Institute of Biology, Academia Sinica, for his contributions to the systematics of Chinese fishes

Altigena yunnanensis (Wu & Lin 1977) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: endemic to the upper Mekong River basin of Yunnan Province, China

Altigena zhui (Zheng & Chen 1989) in honor of Zhu Yuang-Ding (1896–1986), Director of the Shanghai Fisheries Institute and co-author of an unpublished 1963 manuscript in which this species was first described

Bangana Hamilton 1822 Banggana, native Bengali name (note two g’s) “common to most species” of Mugil (Mugilidae) and to certain cyprinids (including B. dero) that share an “elevated longitudinal ridge on the middle of the lower jaw” and have have the “utmost resemblance [to Mugil] in everything, except in having no more than one dorsal fin”

Bangana almorae (Chaudhuri 1912) of Almora, western Himalayas, India, type locality

Bangana brevirostris Liu & Zhou 2009 brevis (L.), short; rostris, Neo-Latin scientific adjective of rostrum (L.), snout, referring to its “relatively short snout”

Bangana dero (Hamilton 1822) presumably a local Bengali name for this species, as it was Hamilton’s practice to derive trivial names “from some of those used by the natives of India” (also spelled doro)

Bangana devdevi (Hora 1936) in honor of Indian ichthyologist Dev Dev Mukerji (1903–1937), Zoological Survey of India, who first noted this species was distinct from B. dero

Bangana diplostomus (Heckel 1838)  double-mouthed, from diplóos (Gr. διπλόος) or diploū́s (διπλοῦς), twofold or double, and stóma (Gr. στόμα), mouth, presumably referring to how “lower lip lays flat behind the edge of the lower jaw, so at first sight, its finely serrated bow seems to be the real mouth opening” (translation) when mouth is closed

Bangana gedrosicus (Zugmayer 1912) –icus (L.), belonging to: Gedrosia, ancient name of Balochistan Province, Pakistan, including Panjgur, type locality

Bangana nukta (Sykes 1839) local name among Maratha fishermen of India, which, as Sykes explained in 1841, he adopted “so that naturalists who travel the country can always obtain” the species

Bangana xanthogenys (Pellegrin & Chevey 1936) xanthós (Gr. ξανθός),yellow; génys (Gr. γένυς), chin or jaw, referring to cheek coloration [may belong in Decorus]

Bangana xanthogenys songloensis (Nguyen 2002) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Sông Lô, Tuyên Quang Province, Vietnam, type locality

Barbichthys Bleeker 1859 Barbi-, referring to previous placement of B. laevis in Barbus (Barbinae); ichthýs (Gr. ἰχθύς), fish

Barbichthys laevis (Valenciennes 1842) Latin for smooth, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to “radius of the dorsal [which] is smooth and without perforation” (translation)

Ceratogarra Kottelat 2020 cerato-, from kératos (Gr. κέρατος), genitive of kéras (κέρας), horn, referring to large tubercle (the “horn”) on each side of tip of snout; Garra, previous genus of the two included species

Ceratogarra cambodgiensis (Tirant 1884) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Cambodia, type locality

Ceratogarra fasciacauda (Fowler 1937) fascia (L.), band; cauda (L.), tail, referring to narrow gray-black submarginal band on both lobes of caudal fin

Cirrhinus Oken 1817 Latinization of Cuvier’s French name for genus, Les Cirrhines, from cirrus (L.), tuft of hair or curl, referring to two barbels above upper lip of C. cirrhosus

Cirrhinus cirrhosus (Bloch 1795) Latin for curled, referring to two barbels above upper lip

Cirrhinus jullieni Sauvage 1878 in honor of J. Jullien, who collected holotype, possibly French physician-zoologist Jules Jullien (1842–1897), who served as ship’s doctor on a number of French expeditions and (later, in 1888) as president of the Zoological Society of France

Cirrhinus microlepis Sauvage 1878 micro-, from mikrós (Gr. μικρός), small; lepίs (Gr. λεπίς), scale, referring to small scales, 53-60 along lateral line

Cirrhinus molitorella (Valenciennes 1844) diminutive of molitris, presumably reflecting Valenciennes’ belief that this species is a smaller relative of Leuciscus (=Hypophthalmichthys) molitrix (Xenocyprididae)

Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton 1822) local Sanskrit name for this species

Cirrhinus prosemion (Fowler 1934) pro (L.), forward or in front of; sēmeī́on (Gr. σημεῖον), banner, referring to “advanced” dorsal fin (a character not mentioned in description nor evident in illustration)

Cirrhinus reba (Hamilton 1822) presumably a local Bengali name (Rewah in Hindi) for this species, as it was Hamilton’s practice to derive trivial names “from some of those used by the natives of India”

Cirrhinus rubirostris Roberts 1997 ruber (L.), red; rostris, Neo-Latin scientific adjective of rostrum (L.), snout, referring to color of rostral tubercles and snout; also refers to Karen (Thai dialect) name, niya gwoh nadee, “red-nosed fish”

Cophecheilus Zhu, Zhang, Zhang & Han 2011 kōpheía (Gr. κωφεία), depression, referring to shallow, arched, subdistal depression along ventral margin of rostral cap; cheī́los (Gr. χεῖλος), lip, a commonly used suffix for labeonine genera

Cophecheilus bamen Zhu, Zhang, Zhang & Han 2011 Ba Men, local name of this and similar species in Jingxi County, Guangxi Province, South China

Cophecheilus brevibarbatus He, Huang, He & Yang 2015 brevis (L.), short; barbatus (L.), bearded, referring to its shorter barbels compared with C. bamen

Crossocheilus Kuhl & van Hasselt 1823 crosso-, from krossós (Gr. κροσσός), fringe or tassel; cheī́los (Gr. χεῖλος), lip, referring to fringed upper lip of C. oblongus

Crossocheilus atrilimes Kottelat 2000 ater (L.), black; limes (L.), a narrow or elongate space, referring to midlateral stripe extending to posterior extremity of median caudal-fin rays

Crossocheilus cobitis (Bleeker 1854) named for its loach (Cobitis)-like shape

Crossocheilus elegans Kottelat & Tan 2011 Latin for fine or select, presumably referring to its distinctive color pattern, with blackish midlateral stripe extending from tip of gill opening to middle of base of caudal fin, separate from dark brown dorsum by a pale yellowish brown stripe

Crossocheilus gnathopogon Weber & de Beaufort 1916 gnáthos (Gr. γνάθος), jaw; pṓgōn (Gr. πώγων), beard, presumably referring to its pair of maxillary barbels

Crossocheilus langei Bleeker 1860 in honor of E. A. Lange, acting health officer and hospital inspector, Dutch East Indian Army, who forwarded holotype to Bleeker

Crossocheilus microstoma Ciccotto & Page 2017 micro-, from mikrós (Gr. μικρός), small; stóma (Gr. στόμα), mouth, referring to its narrower mouth compared with congeners

Crossocheilus nigriloba Popta 1904 niger (L.), black; loba, from lobós (Gr. λοβός), lobe, referring to large black spot on lower lobe of caudal fin

Crossocheilus oblongus Kuhl & van Hasselt 1823 Latin for oblong (longer than broad), referring to its elongate body

Crossocheilus obscurus Tan & Kottelat 2009 Latin for dark, referring to its dark general appearance compared with southeast Asian congeners

Crossocheilus reticulatus (Fowler 1934) Latin for net-like or netted, referring to reticulated pattern formed by scales with dark or blackish-brown edges

Crossocheilus tchangi Fowler 1935 in honor of Chinese ichthyologist Tchunlin (or Tchung-Lin) Tchang (1897–1963), for his work on Chinese cyprinoids

Decorus Zheng, Chen & Yang 2019 Latin for beautiful, tautonymous with Labeo decorus Peters 1881

Decorus decorus (Peters 1881) Latin for beautiful, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to its golden scales edged with black

Decorus lemassoni (Pellegrin & Chevey 1936) in honor of aquatic engineer Jean L. Lemasson, Chief of the Fishing and Hunting Service in Hanoi, Vietnam, who collected holotype

Decorus rendahli (Kimura 1934) in honor of Swedish zoologist and artist Hialmar Rendahl (1891–1969), who reported this species as Labeo (now Bangana) diplostomus in 1933

Decorus tungting (Nichols 1925) named for Tungting Lake, Hunan Province, China, type locality

Diplocheilichthys Bleeker 1859 diplo-, from diplóos (Gr. διπλόος) or diploū́s (διπλοῦς), twofold or double, and cheī́los (Gr. χεῖλος), lip, presumably referring to inner transverse fold on upper lip of D. pleurotaenia, which effectively divides its lip in half; ichthýs (Gr. ἰχθύς), fish

Diplocheilichthys jentinkii (Popta 1904) in honor of Fredericus Anna Jentink (1844–1913), curator at Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie (now Naturalis) in Leiden, Netherlands, and editor of its journal (in which description appeared), for making the museum’s specimens available to Popta

Diplocheilichthys pleurotaenia (Bleeker 1855) pleuro-, from pleurá (Gr. πλευρά), side; taenia, from tainía (Gr. ταινία), band or ribbon, referring to lateral stripe from gill opening to end of caudal peduncle (usually more distinct in younger specimens, sometimes absent in adults)

Discocheilus Zhang 1997 disco-, from discus (L.), disc or circular plate; cheī́los (Gr. χεῖλος), lip, referring to lower lip of D. wui modified into an adhesive or suctorial disk [replacement name for Discolabeo Chen & Lan 1992, preoccupied by Discolabeo (=Garra) Fowler 1937]

Discocheilus multilepis (Wang & Li 1994) multi– (L.), many; lepίs (Gr. λεπίς), scale, having more scales than D. wui

Discocheilus wui (Chen & Lan 1992) in honor of the late Wu Hsien-Wen (also spelled Wu Xian-Wen, 1900–1985), National Research Institute of Biology, Academia Sinica, who dedicated his research to this fish and for his many publications

Discocheilus wuluoheensis (Li, Lu & Mao 1996) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Wuluo He (=River), Yunnan Province, China, type locality

Discogobio Lin 1931 disco-, from discus (L.), disc or circular plate, referring to lower lip of D. tetrabarbatus modified into an adhesive or suctorial disk; gobio, reflecting its original placement among the gudgeons (Gobionidae)

Discogobio antethoracalis Zheng & Zhou 2008 ante (L.), before; thoracalis (Neo-Latin), derived from thṓrax (Gr. θώραξ), chest, referring to anterior (thoracic) position of its pectoral fins

Discogobio bismargaritus Chu, Cui & Zhou 1993 bis (L.), twice; margaritus, presumably an incorrect adjectival spelling derived from margarita (L.), pearl (correct spelling would be margaritatus), referring to pair of pearl organs on snout

Discogobio brachyphysallidos Huang 1989 brachýs (Gr. βραχύς), short; physallidos (Gr. φυσαλλίδος), genitive of physallís (φυσαλλίς), bladder, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to posterior chamber of air bladder 0.7–1.0 times the length of the anterior chamber (compared with D. macrophysallidos, described in the same paper)

Discogobio caobangi Nguyen 2002 of Cao Bàng Province, Vietnam, where it is endemic

Discogobio elongatus Huang 1989 Latin for prolonged, referring to its elongate body, with a length-to-height ratio of 6.0–7.5

Discogobio laticeps Chu, Cui & Zhou 1993 latus (L.), wide or broad; –ceps (Neo-Latin), headed, referring to its head, wider than it is deep

Discogobio longibarbatus Wu 1977 longus (L.), long; barbatus (L.), bearded, referring to its long barbels, reaching below or beyond middle of eyes

Discogobio macrophysallidos Huang 1989 macro-, from makrós (Gr. μακρός), long or large; physallidos (Gr. φυσαλλίδος), genitive of physallís (φυσαλλίς), bladder, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to posterior chamber of air bladder 3.4–4.1 times the length of the anterior chamber (compared with D. brachyphysallidos, described in the same paper)

Discogobio microstoma (Mai 1978) micro-, from mikrós (Gr. μικρός), small; stóma (Gr. στόμα), mouth, referring to small “sucker mouth” (translation) or adhesive disc formed by modified upper lip

Discogobio multilineatus Cui, Zhou & Lan 1993 multi– (L.), many; lineatus (L.), lined, referring to 5–6 black slender longitudinal lines on body from posterior of head to caudal-fin base

Discogobio pacboensis Nguyen 2002 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Pac Bo, Cao Bang Province, Vietnam, where it is endemic

Discogobio polylepis Huang 1989 polý (Gr. πολύ), many; lepίs (Gr. λεπίς), scale, referring to more lateral-line scales than congeners known at the time

Discogobio poneventralis Zheng & Zhou 2008 pone (L.), posterior; ventralis (L.), of the belly, referring to the posterior position of its pelvic fins

Discogobio propeanalis Zheng & Zhou 2008 prope (L.), near; analis, anal, referring to position of pelvic fins, which are closer to anal-fin origin

Discogobio tetrabarbatus Lin 1931 tetrá (Gr. τετρά), four; barbatus (L.), bearded, referring to two pairs of small barbels on lower jaw

Discogobio yunnanensis (Regan 1907) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Yunnan Province, China, type locality

Epalzeorhynchos Bleeker 1855 epalzeo-, etymology not explained, presumably from epaléxō (Gr. ἐπαλέξω), to defend, ward or keep off; rhýnchos (Gr. ῥύγχος), snout, referring to cone-shaped, cartilaginous protuberance on snout of E. kalopterum that can horizontally move nearly 90˚ away from snout, thus giving the head a horned appearance (perhaps Bleeker believed the fish used its “horn” to defend or protect itself) [some online references say epalzeo– means “curative” but this is nonsense]

Epalzeorhynchos bicolor (Smith 1931) bi-, from bis (L.), two, of two colors, reflecting how “rich velvety black of the body and most of the fins is strikingly relieved by the bright orange color of the caudal and pectoral fins, making this one of the most beautiful of the many attractively colored cyprinoid fishes of Siam”

Epalzeorhynchos frenatum (Fowler 1934) Latin for bridled, referring to conspicuous black “bridle-like” band from snout to eye (though not crossing tip of snout)

Epalzeorhynchos kalopterum (Bleeker 1851) pretty-finned, from kalós (Gr. καλός), beautiful, and pterón (Gr. πτερόν) or ptéryx (πτέρυξ), fin, referring to its pink or red fins (in 1860, Bleeker assigned it the Dutch name Fraaivinnige Snuithoornkarper, Pretty finned Snout-horn Carp)

Epalzeorhynchos munense (Smith 1934) –ense, Latin suffix denoting place: Menam Mun (or simply Mun) River, eastern Thailand, type locality

Fivepearlus Li, Yang, Li & Chen 2017 Latinization of Anglo-Saxon five and pearl, referring to five round protuberances on lower lip, like a “string of beads”

Fivepearlus yunnanensis Li, Yang, Li & Chen 2017 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Yunnan Province, China, where type locality (Nanpangjiang River) is situated

Garra Hamilton 1822 local Gangetic name for a particular species of “sand-digger,” which Hamilton applied as a generic name for bottom-dwelling cyprinids “with no affinity to another genus”

Garra abhoyai Hora 1921 patronym not identified, possibly in honor of Baboos Abhoya Churn Chowdry, a scientific illustrator at the Indian Museum

Garra aethiopica (Pellegrin 1927) –ica (L.), belonging to: Ethiopia, where it is endemic

Garra allostoma Roberts 1990 állos (Gr. ἄλλος), other; stóma (Gr. στόμα), mouth, only member of genus (with exception of an undescribed allopatric species) with a reduced (as opposed to well-developed) mental disc

Garra alticauda Cao, Nyingi, Bart & Zhang 2023 altus (L.), high; cauda (L.), tail, referring to its high caudal peduncle

Garra amirhosseini Esmaeili, Sayyadzadeh, Coad & Eagderi 2016 in honor of the first author’s son, Amirhossein

Garra andruzzii (Vinciguerra 1924) in honor of Alcibiade Andruzzi, Italian military surgeon and director of the Colonial Health Service of Somalia, who facilitated natural history investigations for the Museo Civivo di Storie Naturale di Genova; he acquired type specimens from collectors and shipped them to Vinciguerra

Garra annandalei Hora 1921 patronym not identified but clearly in honor of zoologist-anthropologist Thomas Nelson Annandale (1876-1924), founder and first director of the Zoological Survey of India

Garra apogon (Norman 1925) ἀ-, Greek privative i.e., without; pṓgōn (Gr. πώγων), beard, referring to absence of barbels

Garra arunachalami (Johnson & Soranam 2001) in honor of Indian ichthyologist Muthukumarasamy Arunachalam (b. 1955), Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, “in appreciation of his interest in various aspects of stream fishes” Garra arunachalensis

Garra arupi Nebeshwar, Vishwanath & Das 2009 in honor of botanist Arup Kumar Das (b. 1952), Coordinator, University Grant Commission-sponsored “Centre of Excellence in Biodiversity” (Rajiv Gandhi University, Itanagar), which supported the authors’ study of the fishes of northeastern India

Garra barreimiae Fowler & Steinitz 1956 of Barreimi, Oman, type locality

Garra bicornuta Narayan Rao 1920 bi-, from bis (L.), twice; cornuta (L.), horned, a possible misnomer, presumably referring to trilobed (not bilobed) proboscis on snout

Garra biloborostris Roni & Vishwanath 2017 bi-, from bis (L.), twice; lobus, lobe; rostris, Neo-Latin scientific adjective of rostrum (L.), snout, referring to beak-like lobes on proboscis

Garra bimaculacauda Thoni, Gurung & Mayden 2016 bi-, from bis (L.), twice; macula (L.), spot; cauda (L.), tail, referring to black spots on caudal fin, one each on upper and lower lobes

Garra binduensis Das, Kosygin & Panigrahi 2016 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Bindu, North Bengal, India, where type locality (Jaldhaka River) is situated

Garra birostris Nebeshwar & Vishwanath 2013 bi-, from bis (L.), twice; rostris, Neo-Latin scientific adjective of rostrum (L.), snout, referring to two beak-like projections on proboscis

Garra bispinosa Zhang 2005 bi-, from bis (L.), twice; spinosa (L.), thorny or spinulose, referring to large, unicuspid, acanthoid and forward-pointed tubercle on distal end of each lobe of snout proboscis

Garra blanfordii (Boulenger 1901) in honor of English geologist-zoologist William Thomas Blanford (1832–1905), who reported this species as G. lamta in 1870

Garra borneensis (Vaillant 1902) –ensis, suffix denoting place: Borneo, where it is endemic

Garra bourreti (Pellegrin 1928) in honor of French zoologist René Bourret (1884–1957), who collected holotype

Garra buettikeri Krupp 1983 in honor of William Büttiker-Otto (1921–2009), Swiss medical entomologist, parasitologist, and Environmental Science Expert for the Saudi Meteorology and Environmental Protection Administration (Jeddah, Saudi Arabia); he collected holotype

Garra caudomaculata (Battalgil 1942) caudo– (L.), tail; maculata (L.), spotted, referring to dark spot of color at base of caudal fin

Garra centrala Nguyen, Vu & Nguyen 2015 unnecessary feminine declension of centralis (L.), central, referring to its distribution in Quang Tri and Thua Thien-Hue provinces, both in the North Central Coast region of Vietnam

Garra ceylonensis Bleeker 1863 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Ceylon (=Sri Lanka), type locality

Garra chakpiensis Nebeshwar & Vishwanath 2015 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Chakpi River, Manipur, India, type locality

Garra chathensis Ezung, Shangningam & Pankaj 2020 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Chathe River, Nagaland, India, type locality

Garra chaudhurii Hora 1921 patronym not identified but clearly in honor of B. L. Chaudhuri (d. 1931), Assistant Superintendent, Indian Museum, who described many Indian fishes

Garra chebera Habteselassie, Mikschi, Ahnelt & Waidbacher 2010 named for Chebera-Churchura National Park, Ethiopia, type locality

Garra chindwinensis Premananda, Kosygin & Saidullah 2017 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Chindwin River basin, Manipur, India, only known area of occurrence

Garra chingaiensis Abonmai, Linthoingambi, Ngangbam, Thoidingjam & Singh 2023 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Chingai Village, Chindwin basin, Ukhrul district, Manipur, India, where type locality (Chalou River) is situated

Garra chivaensis Moyon & Arunkumar 2020 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Chiva River at Chandel district, Manipur, India, type locality

Garra clavirostris Roni, Sarbojit & Vishwanath 2017 clava (L.), club; rostris, Neo-Latin scientific adjective of rostrum (L.), snout, referring to prominent unilobed club-shaped proboscis overhanging a depressed rostral surface

Garra compressa Kosygin & Vishwanath 1998 Latin for squeezed or pressed together, referring to its “moderately” laterally compressed body

Garra congoensis Poll 1959 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: the Congo, referring to its occurrence in the Lower Congo River

Garra cornigera Shangningam & Vishwanath 2015 corni-, from cornu (L.), horn; -iger (L.), to have or bear, referring to horn-like tubercles on proboscis

Garra culiciphaga (Pellegrin 1927) culex (L.), mosquito; phaga, Latinized from phageī́n (Gr. φαγεῖν), to eat, referring to its proficiency (“d’excellents destructeurs”) at consuming mosquito larvae

Garra cyclostomata Mai 1978 ring-mouthed, from kýklos (Gr. κύκλος), ring or circle, and stómatos (Gr. στόματος), genitive of stóma (στόμα), mouth, presumably referring to rounded or circular outline of upper lip

Garra cyrano Kottelat 2000 referring to Cyrano de Bergerac, titular main character of an 1897 comedy by Edmond Rostand, characterized by his large nose, alluding to snout with a conspicuous secondary rostrum and a long and slender proboscis

Garra dampaensis Lalronunga, Lalnuntluanga & Lalramliana 2013 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Dampa Tiger Reserve, Mizoram, India, where type locality (Seling River) is situated

Garra deccanensis Jadhav, Karuthapandi, Shangningam, Jaiswal & Shankar 2022 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Deccan Plateau, one of the biogeographic zones of India, where it occurs

Garra dembecha Getahun & Stiassny 2007 named for Dembecha, Ethiopia, town near type locality

Garra dembeensis (Rüppell 1835) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Lake Dembea (now Lake Tana), Ethiopia, type locality

Garra dengba Deng, Cao & Zhang 2018 Dengba, Chinese name of the Mishmi people who are not officially recognized as an ethnic group by the Chinese government, now living in area between eastern Himalaya Mountains and western Hengduan Mountains at 1000 m above sea level, with a concentrated distribution in Chayu County, eastern Tibet, type locality

Garra dohjei Marngar, Mawlong & Lokeshwor 2024 from Doh jei, local name of Garra in the Khasi dialect in Meghalaya, India, where this species occurs

Garra dulongensis (Chen, Pan, Xiao & Yang 2012) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Dulong River, Dulongjing County, Yunnan Province, China, type locality

Garra dunsirei Banister 1987 in honor of speleologist Andy Dunsire, who has “encouraged so many people to search for subterranean fishes, as well as collecting such fish himself [including first specimens of this one] in isolated and hazardous regions”

Garra duobarbis Getahun & Stiassny 2007 duo (L.), two; barbis (scientific Neo-Latin), barbel, unique among African congeners in possessing a single (maxillary) pair of barbels

Garra elegans (Günther 1868) Latin for fine or select, allusion not explained nor evident

Garra elongata Vishwanath & Kosygin 2000 Latin for prolonged, referring to its greater standard length in relation to body depth compared with other members of G. gotyla complex

Garra emarginata Madhusoodana Kurup & Radhakrishnan 2011 Latin for deprived of its edge, referring to its emarginate caudal fin

Garra ethelwynnae Menon 1958 matronym not identified but clearly in honor of British ichthyologist Ethelwynn Trewavas (1900–1993), British Museum (Natural History); Menon believed it was a “dwarf cognate form” of G. tibanica (=quadrimaculata), described by Trewavas in 1941

Garra festai (Tortonese 1939) in honor of Italian naturalist Enrico Festa (1868–1939), who collected holotype

Garra flavatra Kullander & Fang 2004 flavus (L.), yellow; ater (L.), black, referring to its contrasting dark-and-light color pattern in life

Garra fluviatilis Kangrang, Thoni, Mayden & Beamish 2016 Latin for riverine or of a river, referring to its habitat

Garra fuliginosa Fowler 1934 Latin for sooty or painted black, its back and upper surfaces largely uniform dark or sooty brown, with obscure cloudings of gray

Garra gallagheri Krupp 1988 in honor of Michael Desmond Gallagher (1921–2014), Curator of the Oman Natural History Museum, for his contributions to the knowledge of Oman fauna; he also collected holotype

Garra geba Getahun & Stiassny 2007 named for the Geba River system, Tigray, Ethiopia, type locality

Garra ghorensis Krupp 1982 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: the Arabic al-gur (=depression), referring to its occurrence in the Jordan-Dead Sea rift valley system

Garra gotyla (Gray 1830) Indian vernacular for this species

Garra gracilis (Pellegrin & Chevey 1936) Latin for thin or slender, referring to its more elongate form compared with G. bourreti

Garra gravelyi (Annandale 1919) in honor of biologist Frederic Henry Gravely (1885–1965), Assistant Superintendent, Zoological Survey of India, who collected holotype

Garra gymnothorax Berg 1949 gymnós (Gr. γυμνός), bare or naked; thṓrax (Gr. θώραξ), breast or chest, referring to its scaleless breast (some specimens have embedded or hidden scales)

Garra hexagonarostris Nebeshwar, Rameshori & Prabina 2024 hexagonum (L.), six-sided figure or shape; rostris, Neo-Latin scientific adjective of rostrum (L.), snout, referring to hexagon-shaped proboscis

Garra hindii (Boulenger 1905) in honor of Sidney Langford Hinde (1863–1930), Medical Officer of the Interior in British East Africa and a Captain in the Congo Free State Forces, and an amateur naturalist-ethnographer, who collected holotype

Garra hormuzensis Zamani-Faradonbe, Zhang & Keivany 2021 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Strait of Hormuz (between Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman), near type locality (Shur River drainage) in Iran

Garra hughi Silas 1955 in honor of the author’s brother, Hugh M. Silas, who collected holotype

Garra ignestii (Gianferrari 1925) in honor of Italian zoologist-philologist Ugo Ignesti, who collected holotype

Garra imberbis (Vinciguerra 1890) Latin for beardless, referring to its lack of barbels (which distinguishes it from G. lamta)

Garra irangensis Premananda & Singh 2023 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Irang River, Senapati District, Manipur, India, type locality

Garra jaldhakaensis Kosygin, Shangningam, Singh & Das 2021 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Jaldhaka River, Brahmaputra River basin, West Bengal, India, type locality

Garra jamila Moritz, Straube & Neumann 2019 Arabic for beautiful, referring to the bright coloration on body and fins of this “pretty fish”

Garra jenkinsonianum Hora 1921 –onia and –anum, apparently both adjectival suffixes: in honor of James Travis Jenkins (1876–1959), Fishery Advisor, Government of Bengal, who helped collect holotype, which he reported as G. lamta in 1909

Garra jerdoni Day 1867 patronym not identified but clearly in honor of British physician-naturalist Thomas Caverhill Jerdon (1811–1872), who described many fishes from India

Garra jordanica Hamidan, Geiger & Freyhof 2014 –ica (L.), belonging to: Jordan (country) and Jordan River system of Jordan and Syria, where it occurs

Garra joshuai (Silas 1954) in honor of Silas’ former professor, J. P. Joshua, Madras Christian College, during whose entomological survey Silas was able to take a small collection of fishes, including holotype of this one

Garra kalakadensis Rema Devi 1993 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Kalakad Wildlife Sanctuary, Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu, India, type locality

Garra kalpangi Nebeshwar, Kenjum Bagra & Das 2012 of the River Kalpangi, Yazali, Lower Subansiri District, Arunachal Pradesh, India, type locality

Garra kangrae Prashad 1919 of the Kangra Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India, type locality

Garra kemali (Hankó 1925) in honor of the “great Turkish statesman” (translation) His Excellency Ghazi Mustafa Kemal (also known as Mustafa Kemal Atatürk [1881–1938]), founder of the modern Turkish state

Garra kempi Hora 1921 in honor of English marine biologist Stanley Wells Kemp (1882–1945), Zoological Survey of India, who “procured” holotype

Garra khawbungi Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden 2014 of Khawbung, a village in Champai District, Mizoram, India, type locality

Garra klatti (Kosswig 1950) in honor of German zoologist Paul Erich Berthold Klatt (1885–1958), University of Hamburg

Garra koladynensis Nebeshwar & Vishwanath 2017 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Koladyne River, Mizoram, India, type locality

Garra laishrami Surachita, Chowdhury & Palita 2023    in honor of Laishram Kosygin, Zoological Survey of India, for his contributions to the taxonomy of Indian freshwater fishes

Garra lamta (Hamilton 1822) presumably a local Gangetic name for this species, as it was Hamilton’s practice to derive trivial names “from some of those used by the natives of India”

Garra lancrenonensis Blache & Miton 1960 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Upper Lancrenon Falls, Ngou River, Lake Chad basin, Chad, type locality

Garra langlungensis Ezung, Shangningam & Pankaj 2021 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Langlung River, Nagaland, India, type locality

Garra lautior Banister 1987 Latin for neater, referring to its “neat, streamlined appearance”

Garra lissorhynchus (McClelland 1842) lissós (Gr. λισσός), smooth; rhýnchos (Gr. ῥύγχος), snout, referring to its smooth snout, without cirrhi

Garra litanensis Vishwanath 1993 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Litan stream, Litan, Manipur, India, type locality

Garra longipinnis Banister & Clarke 1977 longus (L.), long; pinnis (scientific Neo-Latin), finned, referring to its “conspicuously long” pectoral fins (now considered to be from aberrant specimens)

Garra lorestanensis Mousavi-Sabet & Eagderi 2016 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Lorestan Province, southwestern Iran, where type locality (Loven Cave) is situated

Garra lungongza Ngangbam & Lithoingambi 2023 local name for this species at Sangsangyu village, Tuensang district, Nagaland, India

Garra magnacavus Shangningam, Kosygin & Sinha 2019 magnus (L.), great; cavus (L.), pit or hollow, referring to large pits in the snout

Garra magnidiscus Tamang 2013 magnus (L.), great; discus, from dískos (Gr. δίσκος), any flat circular plate, referring to very large adhesive mental disc, larger than all congeners in Southeast Asia and China except G. rotundinasus

Garra makiensis (Boulenger 1904) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Maki River, running into Lake Zwai, southern Ethiopia, type locality

Garra mamshuqa Krupp 1983f rom mamshuq, Arabic for slender, referring to its slender body shape

Garra manipurensis Vishwanath & Sarojnalini 1988 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Manipur River, Manipur, India, type locality

Garra matensis Nebeshwar & Vishwanath 2017 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Mat River, Mizoram, India, type locality

Garra mcclellandi (Jerdon 1849) in honor of John McClelland (1805–1875), British physician and ichthyologist, who described many Indian fishes

Garra menoni Rema Devi & Indra 1984 in honor of Indian ichthyologist Ambat Gopalan Kutty Menon (1921–2002), who confirmed the identification

Garra meymehensis Zamani-Faradonbe, Keivany, Dorafshan & Zhang 2021 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Meymeh River, Tigris River drainage, western Iran, type locality

Garra mini Rahman, Mollah, Norén & Kullander 2016 contraction of minima (L.), least, referring to its small size (up to 46.8 mm SL)

Garra minibarbata Cao, Nyingi, Bart & Zhang 2023 mini-, from minimus (L.), least; barbata (L.), bearded, referring to its pair of “tiny” rostral barbels

Garra mirofrontis Chu & Cui 1987 mir, from mirabilis (L.), wonderful or strange; frontis (L.), brow, referring to “special” morphology of anterior dorsal surface of head, with a “transverse frontal groove right before eyes, forming [a] more or less pendulous frontal process with a conical tubercle at each side”

Garra mlapparaensis Madhusoodana Kurup & Radhakrishnan 2011 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Mlappara, Periyar River, India, type locality

Garra mondica Sayyadzadeh, Esmaeili & Freyhof 2015 –ica (L.), belonging to: Mond River drainage, Iran, where it occurs in two small springs

Garra montisalsi Hora 1921 etymology not explained, presumably montis (L.), mountain, and salsus (L.), salty or salted, i.e., of rock salt, referring to the Salt Range, a hill system in Punjab, Pakistan (type locality), named for its extensive deposits of rock salts

Garra motuoensis Gong, Freyhof, Wang, Liu, Liu, Lin, Jiang & Liu 2018 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Motuo County, Tibet, where type locality (Xigong River) is situated

Garra moyonkhulleni Moyon & Arunkumar 2018 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Moyon Khullen, a village in Chandel District, Manipur, India, type locality

Garra mullya (Sykes 1839) Marathi vernacular for this species in India, which, as Sykes explained in 1841, he adopted “so that naturalists who travel the country can always obtain” the species

Garra naganensis Hora 1921 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Naga Hills, Assam, Nagaland, India, type locality

Garra nambulica Vishwanath & Joyshree 2005 –ica (L.), belonging to: Nambul River, Manipur, India, type locality

Garra namyaensis Shangningam & Vishwanath 2012 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Namya River, Manipur, India, type locality

Garra nana (Heckel 1843) nanus (L.), dwarf, described as a “little 3-inch-long” fish (translation)

Garra napata Moritz, Straube & Neumann 2019 named for Napata, capital of the Kush kingdom of the ancient city of Nubia on west bank of the Nile at site of modern-day Karima, Sudan, very close to type locality

Garra nasuta (McClelland 1838) Latin for large-nosed, referring to its snout, abruptly depressed between the eyes, with a large pit between the nostrils

Garra nepalensis Rayamajhi & Arunachalam 2017 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Nepal, where it appears to be endemic

Garra nethravathiensis Arunachalam & Nandagopal 2014 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Nethravathi River system, Karnataka State, India, where it appears to be endemic

Garra ngatangkha Arunkumar & Moyon 2019 local Moyon name for this species in Manipur, India

Garra nigricollis Kullander & Fang 2004 niger (L.), black; collum (L.), neck, referring to dark stripe outlining posterior margin of head

Garra notata (Blyth 1860) Latin for spotted or marked, referring to a series of black spots at dorsal fin base and/or one or more spots at base of anal fin

Garra nudiventris (Berg 1905) nudus (L.), bare or naked; ventris,genitive of venter (L.), belly, referring to its scaleless breast and belly

Garra orientalis Nichols 1925 Latin for eastern, referring to its distribution in the “Orient,” i.e., China

Garra ornata (Nichols & Griscom 1917) Latin for adorned or decorated, referring to its distinctive (perhaps juvenile) coloration: dusky olive above, yellowish below, minute dark spots on cheeks, opercle and sides below lateral line, broad black bars through middle of dorsal and caudal fins, black blotch at base of caudal

Garra orontesi Bayçelebi, Kaya, Turan & Freyhof 2021 in honor of Orontes, a son-in-law of the Punjabi king Deriades, who, in the ancient Greek epic poem Dionysiaca, was killed by Dionysus at the river later taking Orontes’ his name, referring to this species’ occurrence in the Orontes River drainage of Turkey, Syria and probably Lebanon

Garra palaniensis (Rema Devi & Menon 1994) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Palani Hills, western Ghats, southern India, type locality

Garra palaruvica Arunachalam, Raja, Nandagopal & Mayden 2013 –ica (L.), belonging to: Palaruvi Falls, Kerala, India, type locality

Garra panitvongi Tangjitjaroen, Randall, Tongnunui, Boyd & Page 2023 in honor of Nonn Panitvong, for his “tremendous” contributions to our knowledge of the fishes of Thailand, in particular through his book A Photographic Guide to Freshwater Fishes of Thailand (2020)

Garra paralissorhynchus Vishwanath & Shanta Devi 2005 para– (Gr. παρά), near, similar to G. lissorhynchus, both having a W-shaped dark band on caudal fin

Garra parastenorhynchus Thoni, Gurung & Mayden 2016 para– (Gr. παρά), near, similar to G. stenorhynchus

Garra paratrilobata Roni, Chinglemba, Rameshori & Vishwanath 2019 para– (Gr. παρά), near, referring to the superficial similarity of its trilobed proboscis to that of G. trilobata

Garra periyarensis Gopi 2001 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Periyar River, Periyar Tiger Reserve, Kerala State, India, type locality

Garra persica Berg 1914 –ica (L.), belonging to: Persia, referring to its widspread distribution in Iran

Garra phillipsi Deraniyagala 1933 in honor of William Watt Addison Phillips (1892–1981), British tea and rubber planter and amateur naturalist, Gammaduva, Sri Lanka, who collected holotype

Garra platycephala Narayan Rao 1920 flat-headed, from platýs (Gr. πλατύς), flat, and kephalḗ (Gr. κεφαλή), head, referring to its “greatly flattened” head

Garra poecilura Kullander & Fang 2004 poecilio-, from poikílos (Gr. ποικίλος), varicolored; ourá (Gr. οὐρά), tail, referring to its vividly patterned caudal peduncle and caudal fin

Garra poilanei Petit & Tchang 1933 in honor of French botanist Eugene Polaine (1887–1964), Paris Herbarium, who collected holotype

Garra prashadi Hora 1921 in honor of Indian zoologist Baini Prashad (1894–1969), Assistant Superintendent, Zoological Survey of India, who collected holotype with Hora

Garra propulvinus Kullander & Fang 2004 pro– (L.), in front of; pulvinus (L.), cushion, pad or pillow, referring to central pad (central portion of lower lip), which appears to project forward from a broad base

Garra qiaojiensis Wu & Yao 1977 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Qiaojie, Yunnan Province, China, type locality

Garra quadratirostris Nebeshwar & Vishwanath 2013 quadrus (L.), square; rostris, Neo-Latin scientific adjective of rostrum (L.), snout, referring to its “squarish” proboscis

Garra quadrimaculata (Rüppell 1835) quadri-, from quattuor (L.), four; maculata (L.), spotted, a possible misnomer since Rüppell described only three spots: at scapular area, dorsal fin, and base of caudal

Garra quangtriensis Nguyen, Vu & Nguyen 2015 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Quang Tri province, Vietnam, where type locality (Dakrong River) is situated

Garra rakhinica Kullander & Fang 2004 –ica (L.), belonging to: Rakhine State, Myanmar, where type locality (Taunggok, Thade River drainage) is situated

Garra ranganensis Tamang, Sinha, Abujam & Kumar 2019 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Ranga River, Arunachal Pradesh, India, type locality

Garra regressus Getahun & Stiassny 2007 Latin for return or regress, referring to its regressed rostral cap, characteristic of this species

Garra rezai Mousavi-Sabet, Eagderi, Saemi-Komsari, Kaya & Freyhof 2022 in honor of Reza Mousavi-Sabet, father of the first author, who was injured by chemical weapons in the region of the type locality (near Bahia, Kurdistan Province, Iran); “We named this taxon to respect and remember all Iranian and Iraqi victims of chemical weapons during the Iran-Iraq war (1980–1988).”

Garra rhynchota Koller 1926 -ota (L.), provided with: rhýnchos (Gr. ῥύγχος), snout, referring to round, peg-like protuberance between the eyes

Garra robertsi Thoni & Mayden 2015 in honor of “prominent” American ichthyologist Tyson R. Roberts (b. 1940), for his “long-running focus” on Bornean and Southeast Asian fishes

Garra roseae Mousavi-Sabet, Saemi-Komsari, Doadrio & Freyhof 2019 in honor of Rose, daughter of first author

Garra rossica (Nikolskii 1900) –ica (L.), belonging to: Rossiya (Latinization of Russia in the Russian language), presumably referring to type locality in Turkmenistan, which at the time was part of the Russian Empire

Garra rotundinasus Zhang 2006 rotundus (L.), round; nasus (L.), snout, referring to broadly rounded snout

Garra rufa (Heckel 1843) Latin for red or reddish, referring to rusty-red head seen on some specimens

Garra rupecula (McClelland 1839) rupes (L.), rock; –cula, from –cola (L.), dweller or inhabitant, presumably referring to its occurrence in a mountain stream at 305 m

Garra sahilia Krupp 1983 Latinization of sahili, Arabic for coastal, referring to its distribution in coastal drainages of Yemen

Garra sahilia gharbia Krupp 1983 Latinization of gharbi, Arabic for western, referring to its distribution west of G. s. sahilia

Garra salweenica Hora & Mukerji 1934 –ica (L.), belonging to: Salween River at Takaw, Kengtung State, Myanmar, type locality

Garra sannarensis Moritz, Straube & Neumann 2019 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Sannar (alternative spelling of Sennar or Sinnar), Sudan, type locality

Garra sauvagei (Lortet 1883) patronym not identified but almost certainly in honor of French zoologist-paleontologist Henri Émile Sauvage (1842–1917)

Garra shamal Kirchner, Kruckenhauser, Pichler, Borkenhagen & Freyhof 2020 Arabic for north, referring to its occurrence in northern Oman

Garra sharq Kirchner, Kruckenhauser, Pichler, Borkenhagen & Freyhof 2020 Arabic for east, referring to its occurrence in northeastern Oman

Garra simbalbaraensis Rath, Shangningam & Kosygin 2019 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Simbalbara River, Sirmaur District, Himachal Pradesh, India, type locality

Garra songbangensis Nguyen, Vu & Nguyen 2015 -ensis, suffix denoting place: Bang River (song = river), Cao Bang province, Vietnam, type locality

Garra spilota Kullander & Fang 2004 from spilōtós (Gr. σπιλωτός), marked or stained, referring to row of dark blotches along middle of side

Garra stenorhynchus (Jerdon 1849) sténos (Gr. στένος), narrow; rhýnchos (Gr. ῥύγχος), snout, referring to its “more acute” snout compared with G. mcclellandi

Garra substrictorostris Roni & Vishwanath 2018 substrictus (L.), narrow; rostris, Neo-Latin scientific adjective of rostrum (L.), snout, referring to narrow antrorse unilobed proboscis on snout

Garra surendranathanii Shaji, Arun & Easa 1996 in honor of Shri. P. K. Surendranathan Asari, Chief Conservator of Forests, Kerala Forest Department, a “constant source of encouragement” for wildlife research in Kerala, India

Garra surgifrons Zhou & Sun 2018 surgo (L.), rise or ascend; frons (L.), face or brow, referring to obvious, quadrate-shaped and well-developed proboscis on forehead

Garra surinbinnani Page, Ray, Tongnunui, Boyd & Randall 2019 in honor of Amphol Tapanapunnitikul (d. 2019), who went by the name Surin Binnan, director of the Foundation of Western Forest Complex Conservation and a “leading figure in efforts to protect natural areas in Thailand”; he died of liver cancer while the description was in review

Garra tamangi Gurumayum & Kosygin 2016 in honor of Lakpa Tamang, Zoological Survey of India, for his assistance to the authors during field work in Arunachal Pradesh

Garra tana Getahun & Stiassny 2007 named for Lake Tana, Ethiopia, where it is endemic

Garra tashanensis Mousavi-Sabet, Vatandoust, Fatemi & Eagderi 2016 -ensis, Latin suffix denoting place, Tashan region, Tigris River drainage, Iran, where Tashan Cave (type locality) is situated

Garra tengchongensis Zhang & Chen 2002 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Tengchong County, Yunnan Province, China, type locality

Garra tezuensis Thoidingjam, Ngangbam, Linthoingambi & Singh 2023 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Tezu, Brahmaputra basin, Lohit District, Arunachal Pradesh, India, where type locality (Lohit River) is situated

Garra tiam Zamani-Faradonbe, Keivany, Dorafshan & Zhang 2021 word for someone with beautiful eyes in the language of Lurish people in western Iran, including area of the Abshur River, where this species, with relatively large eyes, occurs

Garra tibanica Trewavas 1941 –ica (L.), belonging to: a pond that flows into Wadi Tiban, which drains to Indian Ocean, Yemen, type locality

Garra tibetana Gong, Deng, Wang & Liu 2018 –ana (L.), belonging to: Tibet, where it appears to be endemic

Garra trewavasae Monod 1950 matronym not identified but clearly in honor of British ichthyologist Ethelwynn Trewavas (1900-1993)

Garra triangularis Shangningam, Rath & Kosygin 2021 Latin for triangular, referring to the shape of its labellum

Garra trilobata Shangningam & Vishwanath 2015 tri– (L.), three; lobata (L.), lobed, referring to its trilobed proboscis

Garra turcica Karaman 1971 –ica (L.), belonging to: Turkey, where it is endemic

Garra typhlops (Bruun & Kaiser 1944) typhlós (Gr. τυφλός), blind; ṓps (Gr. ὦψ), eye, a cave fish with “no external traces of eyes to be seen”

Garra ukhrulensis Nebeshwar & Vishwanath 2015 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Ukhrul district, Manipur, India, type locality

Garra variabilis (Heckel 1843) Latin for variable, being “difficult to find two very similarly colored individuals” (translation)

Garra vinciguerrae (Boulenger 1901) in honor of Italian physician-ichthyologist Decio Vinciguerra (1856–1934), who described the similar Discognathus chiarinii (=G. dembeensis) in 1883 [although named after a man, “ae” is, per Latin grammar, an acceptable way to form a genitive from nouns that end in “a”]

Garra waensis Lothongkham, Arbsuwan & Musikasinthorn 2014 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Wa River basin, Nan Province, Thailand, where type locality (Mang River) is situated

Garra wanae (Regan 1914) of Wana Toi, tributary of Gomal River, southwestern Waziristan, Pakistan, type locality

Garra waterloti (Pellegrin 1935) in honor of Georges Waterlot (1877–1939), who collected specimens for the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle (Paris) in French West Africa and Madagascar, including holotype of this one

Garra widdowsoni (Trewavas 1955) in honor of engineer A. G. Widdowson, Iraq Petroleum Company Ltd., who discovered this species and facilitated collection of type series

Garra yajiangensis Gong, Freyhof, Wang, Liu, Liu, Lin, Jiang & Liu 2018 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Yajiang, Chinese abbreviation of the Yarlung Tsangpo River, Motuo County, Tibet, type locality

Garra zubzaensis Tenali, Shangningam, Bhattacharjee, Patel & Kosygin 2024 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Zubza River, Nagaland, Northeast India, type locality

Garroides Nguyen & Vu 2014 –oides, Latinized suffix adopted from eī́dos (Gr. εἶδος), form or shape: “very close to Garra in terms of shape and structure” (translation)

Garroides banthangensis Nguyen & Vu 2014 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Ban Thang commune, Quan Ba district, Ha Giang province (Lo Gam River system), Vietnam, type locality

Garroides binhluensis Nguyen & Vu 2014 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Binh Lu commune, Tam Duong district, Lai Chau province (Da River system), Vietnam, type locality

Guigarra Wang, Chen & Zheng 2022 Gui-, abbreviation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, where type locality is situated; Garra, a related genus that also possesses a gular disc behind the mouth

Guigarra cailaoensis Wang, Chen & Zheng 2022 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Cailao River, Fengcheng Town, Fengshan County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, type locality

Gymnostomus Heckel 1843 gymnós (Gr. γυμνός), bare or naked; stomus, from stóma (Gr. στόμα), mouth, presumably referring to absence (or seeming absence) of barbels on G. ariza

Gymnostomus ariza (Hamilton 1807) presumably derived from Arija, Telugu (official language of Andhra Pradesh, India) name for this fish

Gymnostomus fulungee (Sykes 1839) Marathi vernacular for this species in India, which, as Sykes explained in 1841, he adopted “so that naturalists who travel the country can always obtain” the species

Gymnostomus horai (Bănărescu 1986) in honor of the late Sunder Lal Hora (1896–1955), ichthyologist and former Director of the Zoological Survey of India, who named this cyprinid in 1938 but did not describe it

Henicorhynchus Smith 1945 etymology not explained, presumably from hēnía (Gr. ἡνία), bridle or rein; rhýnchos (Gr. ῥύγχος), snout, referring in some way to crenulated rostral fold that overlaps upper lip of H. lobatus

Henicorhynchus caudiguttatus (Fowler 1934) cauda (L.), tail; guttatus (L.), spotted or speckled, referring to “scattered darker gray spots” on gray tail

Henicorhynchus caudimaculatus (Fowler 1934) cauda (L.), tail; maculatus (L.), spotted, referring to round black spot at caudal-fin base

Henicorhynchus entmema (Fowler 1934) éntmēma (Gr. ἔντμημα), incision or notch, referring to slight asymmetrical notch on edge of upper jaw

Henicorhynchus ornatipinnis (Roberts 1997) ornatus (L.), adorned or decorated; pinnis, Neo-Latin adjective of pinna, fin, referring to its colorful fins (pectoral, pelvic and anal fins reddish-orange or at least rose-tinted; pelvic and anal fins often tipped with white)

Henicorhynchus siamensis (Sauvage 1881) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Siam, or Thailand, referring to type locality in Bangkok

Henicorhynchus thaitui Nguyen, Ho, Hoang, Wu & Zhang 2020 in honor of ichthyologist Nguyen Thai Tu, Vinh University, who has contributed “considerably” to the taxonomy of freshwater fishes in Vietnam [provisionally placed in Henicorhynchus pending a new genus]

Hongshuia Zhang, Qiang & Lan 2008 –ia (L. suffix), belonging to: Hongshui He, Fengshan County, Guangxi Province, China, where type species (H. paoli) was collected

Hongshuia brevibarba Zeng, Shao, Jin & Zhang 2022 brevis (L.), short; barba (L.) beard, referring to its short rostral barbels

Hongshuia megalophthalmus (Chen, Yang & Cui 2006) mégas (Gr. μέγας), big; ophthalmós (Gr. ὀφθαλμός), eye, referring to its large eye, diameter 2.5–3.1 times in head length

Hongshuia microstomata (Wang & Chen 1989) small-mouthed, from mikrós (Gr. μικρός), small, and stómatos (Gr. στόματος), genitive of stóma (στόμα), mouth, referring to smaller mouth compared with Sinocrossocheilus guizhouensis, its presumed congener at the time

Hongshuia paoli Zhang, Qiang & Lan 2008 of Pao Li, Chinese name of type locality in Pearl River drainage, Fengshan County, Guangxi Province, China

Incisilabeo Fowler 1937 incisum (L.), notch, proposed as a subgenus of Labeo distinguished by a transverse groove on snout separating a distinct arrangement of pearl organs

Incisilabeo behri (Fowler 1937) in honor of the late Otto Behr (1861–1934), amateur naturalist and ornithologist, Lopez, Pennsylvania (USA), to whom the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (where Fowler worked) was indebted for many specimens of the natural history of Thailand

Kantaka Hora 1942 derived from a Sanskrit word meaning spine, referring to its “very strong” osseus dorsal-fin spine [placed in Barbinae by some workers]

Kantaka brevidorsalis (Day 1873) brevis (L.), short; dorsalis (Neo-Latin), of the back, allusion not explained, possibly referring to the length of its dorsal fin

Labeo Cuvier 1816 labeo (L.), one with large lips, referring to “remarkably thick, fleshy lips” (translation) of L. fimbriatus and L. niloticus

Labeo alluaudi Pellegrin 1933 in honor of entomologist and explorer Charles A. Alluaud (1861–1949), who led expedition that collected holotype

Labeo alticentralis Tshibwabwa 1997 altus (L.), high; centralis (L.), central, referring to type locality in upper Lualaba River in the central Congo River basin

Labeo altivelis Peters 1852 altus (L.), high; velum (L.), sail, referring to large dorsal fin with extended rays

Labeo angra (Hamilton 1822) presumably a local Bengali name for this species, as it was Hamilton’s practice to derive trivial names “from some of those used by the natives of India”

Labeo annectens Boulenger 1903 Latin for linking or joining, “completely connecting Labeo with Tylognathus, and showing that the latter genus can no longer be distinguished” [Tylognathus is now a synonym of Bangana]

Labeo ansorgii Boulenger 1907 in honor of English explorer and collector William John Ansorge (1850–1913), who collected holotype

Labeo baldasseronii Di Caporiacco 1948 in honor of Vincenzo Baldasseroni (1884–1963), Director, La Specola, Museum of Zoology and Natural History (Florence, Italy)

Labeo barbatulus (Sauvage 1878) diminutive of barbatus (L.), bearded, i.e., with a small beard, presumably referring to fringed barbels on upper and lower lips (although barbels appear to be shorter than two presumed congenerics described in same paper, Rohita sima and R. pectoralis, both now synonyms of L. chrysophekadion)

Labeo barbatus Boulenger 1898 Latin for bearded, referring to two pairs of well-developed barbels, much longer than eye in adults

Labeo bata (Hamilton 1822) presumably a local Bengali name for this species, as it was Hamilton’s practice to derive trivial names “from some of those used by the natives of India”

Labeo batesii Boulenger 1911 in honor of American farmer and amateur ornithologist George Latimer Bates (1863–1940), who collected specimens for the Natural History Museum (London) in Cameroon, including holotype of this species

Labeo boga (Hamilton 1822) presumably a local Bengali name for this species, as it was Hamilton’s practice to derive trivial names “from some of those used by the natives of India”

Labeo boggut (Sykes 1839) Marathi vernacular for this species in India, which, as Sykes explained in 1841, he adopted “so that naturalists who travel the country can always obtain” the species

Labeo bottegi Vinciguerra 1897 in honor of Italian Army officer Vittorio Bottego (1860–1897), who led expedition to Somalia (1895-1897), during which holotype was collected [Vincinguerra dropped the terminal “o” in Bottego’s name to adhere to a strict interpretation of the Latin genitive; he later regretted retaining the “o” in his 1895 description of Neobola bottegoi (Danionidae) and wished to emend the spelling]

Labeo boulengeri Vinciguerra 1912 in honor of Belgian-born British ichthyologist-herpetologist George A. Boulenger (1858–1937), British Museum (Natural History), whose works on African fishes are frequently cited by Vinciguerra

Labeo brachypoma Günther 1868 brachýs (Gr. βραχύς), short; pṓma (Gr. πῶμα), lid or cover, referring to its “very short” gill cover

Labeo caeruleus Day 1877 Latin for dark blue (but used here to mean blue in general), referring to “bluish” body coloration

Labeo calbasu (Hamilton 1822) derived from Kalbosu, local Bengali name for this species

Labeo camerunensis Trewavas 1974 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Cameroon, type locality

Labeo capensis (Smith 1841) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: the Cape Colony, referring to type locality in what is now South Africa

Labeo catla (Hamilton 1822) Bengali, Hindi and Punjabi vernacular for this species [sometimes placed in Catla and Gibelion, both treated here as synonyms of Labeo]

Labeo chariensis Pellegrin 1904 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Chari River, Chad, type locality

Labeo chrysophekadion (Bleeker 1849) chrysós (Gr. χρυσός), gold or golden; phekadion, presumably from phakoeidḗs (Gr. φακοειδής), lentiform (shaped like a lentil), referring to a golden spot on each scale on adults

Labeo congoro Peters 1852 congôro, indigenous name for this species in Mozambique

Labeo coubie Rüppell 1832 local name for this species among the native fishermen of Cairo, Egypt

Labeo curchius (Hamilton 1822) Latinization of Kurchi, local Bengali name for this species

Labeo curriei Fowler 1919 in honor of American entomologist Rolla P. Currie (1875-1960), who obtained the types

Labeo cyclopinnis Nichols & Griscom 1917 cyclo-, from kýklos (Gr. κύκλος), ring or circle; pinnis (scientific Neo-Latin), finned, probably referring to concave upper edge of dorsal fin and/or crescentic shape of caudal fin

Labeo cyclorhynchus Boulenger 1899 cyclo-, from kýklos (Gr. κύκλος), ring or circle; rhýnchos (Gr. ῥύγχος), snout, referring to large and rounded snout (“le museau est gros et arrondi”)

Labeo cylindricus Peters 1852 Latin for cylindrical, referring to its elongate cylindrical body (“corpore cylindrico elongato”)

Labeo degeni Boulenger 1920 in honor of Swiss ornithologist Edward Degen (1852–1922), who helped collect holotype and supplied a watercolor painting from which Boulenger described life coloration

Labeo dhonti Boulenger 1920 in honor of G. Dhont-De Bie, Belgian East African Expeditionary Force, who collected holotype

Labeo djourae Blache & Miton 1960 etymology not explained, perhaps referring to Djour (or Djoura), an area in Chad presumably at or near type locality

Labeo dussumieri (Valenciennes 1842) in honor of Jean-Jacques Dussumier (1792–1883), French voyager and merchant, whose account of this species is the basis of Valenciennes’ description

Labeo dyocheilus (McClelland 1839) dýo (Gr. δύο), two or double; cheī́los (Gr. χεῖλος), lip, referring to “pendulous structure of the snout descending so as to form the appearance of a second lip”

Labeo dyocheilus pakistanicus Mirza & Awan 1976 –icus, belonging to: Pakistan, where type locality (Qadh Wala Stream, Son-Sakesar Valley, Punjab) is situated

Labeo erythropterus Valenciennes 1842 red-finned, from erythrós (Gr. ἐρυθρός), red, and pterón (Gr. πτερόν) or ptéryx (πτέρυξ), fin, referring to red edging on anal and caudal fins

Labeo falcipinnis Boulenger 1903 falcis, genitive of falx (L.), sickle or scythe; pinnis (scientific Neo-Latin), finned, referring to falcate dorsal fin

Labeo filiferus Plamoottil & Zupancic 2017 filum (L.), thread; fero (L.), to have or bear, referring to its filamentous dorsal-fin ray, which reaches above caudal-fin base

Labeo fimbriatus (Bloch 1795) Latin for fringed, referring to its thick lips, deeply crenated or fringed around the margin

Labeo fisheri Jordan & Starks 1917 in honor of American biologist Walter Kenrick Fisher (1878–1953), Jordan’s colleague at Stanford University, who collected holotype with a cast net

Labeo forskalii Rüppell 1835 in honor of Swedish explorer and naturalist Peter Forsskål, also known as Petrus Forskål (1732–1763), who reported this species as a variety of Cyprinus niloticus (=Labeo vulgaris) in a posthumous 1775 publication

Labeo fuelleborni Hilgendorf & Pappenheim 1903 in honor of German physician and parasitologist Friedrich Fülleborn (1866–1933), who collected holotype during his travels as a doctor with the German Army in East Africa

Labeo fulakariensis Tshibwabwa, Stiassny & Schelly 2006 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Foulakari River, Republic of Congo, near where most of the type series was collected

Labeo gonius (Hamilton 1822) Latinization of Goni, local Bengali name for this species

Labeo greenii Boulenger 1902 in honor of scientific illustrator J. Green, for his contributions to Boulenger’s studies of Congolese fishes

Labeo gregorii Günther 1894 in honor of British geologist and explorer John Walter Gregory (1864–1932), who collected holotype

Labeo heladiva Sudasinghe, Ranasinghe, Goonatilake & Meegaskumbura 2018 historical Sinhala name for Sri Lanka, where this species is endemic

Labeo horie Heckel 1847 local name for this species in Assuan, Egypt

Labeo indramontri Smith 1945 in honor of English civil servant Francis Henry Giles (1869–1951), conferred with the Thai name Phya Indra Montri, president of the Siam Society, for his “untiring labors in extending the knowledge of the history, culture, and natural resources of Thailand” [presumably a noun in apposition without the genitive “i”

Labeo inornatus (Roberts 1997) Latin for undecorated or unadorned, referring to its dull-white or silvery coloration, with no distinctive markings other than a humeral spot

Labeo kawrus (Sykes 1839) Marathi vernacular for this species in India, which, as Sykes explained in 1841, he adopted “so that naturalists who travel the country can always obtain” the species1

Labeo kibimbi Poll 1949 Swahili name for this species

Labeo kirkii Boulenger 1903 in honor of John Kirk (1832–1922), Scottish physician, naturalist, explorer and administrator in Africa, who collected holotype

Labeo kontius (Jerdon 1849) etymology not explained, perhaps from kontós (Gr. κοντός), short, referring to its “blunt, truncated” muzzle and/or small head

Labeo lankae Deraniyagala 1952 of Lanka (“Island”), historical Hindu name for Sri Lanka, where this species is endemic

Labeo latebra Moritz & Neumann 2017 Latin for delitescence or seclusion, referring to its remaining unrecognized for such a long time, and because confirming its locality and occurrence was a challenge for more than 10 years

Labeo lineatus Boulenger 1898 Latin for lined, referring to dark green and pink stripes on sides of adults (young have dark stripes)

Labeo lividus Roberts & Stewart 1976 Latin for bluish or black and blue, presumably referring to “dull blue” back and sides compared with “pale-colored or dirty white” back and sides of the closely related L. barbatus

Labeo longipinnis Boulenger 1898 longus (L.), long; pinnis (scientific Neo-Latin), finned, referring to its high dorsal fin, long pectoral and anal fins, and large and deep caudal fin

Labeo lualabaensis Tshibwabwa 1997 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Lualaba River, Democratic Republic of the Congo, type locality

Labeo lukulae Boulenger 1902 of Lukula River at Lukula, Democratic Republic of the Congo, type locality

Labeo luluae Fowler 1930 of Lulua River, Democratic Republic of the Congo, type locality

Labeo lunatus Jubb 1963 Latin for lunate, referring to its crescent-shaped dorsal fin

Labeo macrostoma Boulenger 1898 macro-, from makrós (Gr. μακρός), long or large; stóma (Gr. στόμα), mouth, referring to wide mouth, 1⅔-2 times in length of head (including lips)

Labeo manasseeae Liyandja & Stiassny 2023 in honor of Manassée W. E. Liyandja, daughter of the senior author; she was born a few months prior to the expedition that led to the discovery of this species and is an “ongoing source of motivation” for her father

Labeo mbimbii Liyandja & Stiassny 2023 in honor of José Justin Mbimbi Mayi Munene, University of Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of the Congo), lead and Principal Investigator of the Lulua Project, which has resulted in the deposition of more than 5000 specimens representing over 200 species, includ­ing this and L. manasseeae, for his “outstanding work and commitment to biodiscovery and conservation” in the Kasai basin

Labeo meroensis Moritz 2007 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: ancient Nubian capital Meroe, positioned on the Nile between Shendi and Atbara, where types were collected

Labeo microphthalmus Day 1877  small-eyed, from mikrós (Gr. μικρός), small, and ophthalmós (Gr. ὀφθαλμός), eye, referring to small eyes, smaller in relation to length of head than 19 of the other 24 Labeo species Day included in his monograph

Labeo mokotoensis Poll 1939 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Mokoto chain of lakes, Kalondo, Albert National Park, Democratic Republic of the Congo, where type locality (Lake Ndaraga) is situated [possibly a junior synonym of L. parvus]

Labeo molybdinus Du Plessis 1963 scientific Neo-Latin for leaden, adopted from mólydos (Gr. μόλυβδος), lead, mirroring its vernacular name in South Africa, “leadfish,” referring to its dark-gray leaden color on back and sides

Labeo nandina (Hamilton 1822) Latinization of Nandin, local Bengali name for this species

Labeo nasus Boulenger 1899 Latin for nose, referring to its prominent pointed snout, which ends in a small transverse, slightly upturned appendage

Labeo nigrescens Day 1870 Latin for blackish, referring to deep-brown color, each scale with a black spot at its base

Labeo nigricans Boulenger 1911 Latin for swarthy or blackish, referring to its dark-brown or blackish coloration

Labeo nigripinnis Day 1877 niger (L.), black; pinnis (scientific Neo-Latin), finned, referring to black fins in adults, “not always so in the young”

Labeo niloticus (Linnaeus 1758) –ica (L.), belonging to: Nile River: Egypt, type locality

Labeo nunensis Pellegrin 1929 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Noun River, southern Cameroon, type locality

Labeo pangusia (Hamilton 1822) Latinization of Pangusiya, local Bengali name for this species

Labeo parvus Boulenger 1902 Latin for little, one of the smallest Labeo in Africa (13 cm)

Labeo pellegrini Zolezzi 1939 in honor of French zoologist Jacques Pellegrin (1873–1944), who confirmed the diagnoses of cyprinids described in Zolezzi’s paper

Labeo ercivali Boulenger 1912 in honor of British Game Ranger (later Warden) in Kenya, Arthur Blaynoy Percival (1875–1941), who collected holotype

Labeo pierrei (Sauvage 1880) in honor of “Pierre” (no other information given), who collected holotype; probably French botanist Jean Baptiste Louis Pierre (1833–1905), first director of Saigon Botanic Garden, who made many collections in tropical Asia

Labeo pietschmanni Machan 1930 patronym not identified but probably in honor of Machan’s Vienna colleague, Austrian ichthyologist Viktor Pietschmann (1881–1956)

Labeo polli Tshibwabwa 1997 in honor of Max Poll (1908–1991), the “greatest Belgian ichthyologist since G. A. Boulenger” (translation), for his significant contributions to the knowledge of Congolese fishes

Labeo porcellus (Heckel 1844) diminutive of porcus (L.), pig, i.e., a young or little pig, probably referring to its obtuse snout, which projects beyond lower jaw like that of a pig

Labeo potail (Sykes 1839) Marathi vernacular for this species in India, which, as Sykes explained in 1841, he adopted “so that naturalists who travel the country can always obtain” the species

Labeo quadribarbis Poll & Gosse 1963 quadri-, from quattuor (L.), four; barbis ((scientific Neo-Latin), barbel, referring to two pairs of visible (i.e., not hidden) barbels on each side of mouth

Labeo rajasthanicus Datta & Majumdar 1970 –icus (L.), belonging to: Rajasthan, India, type locality

Labeo rectipinnis Tshibwabwa 1997 rectus (L.), straight; pinnis (scientific Neo-Latin), finned, referring to straight (i.e., not concave) outline of dorsal fin

Labeo reidi Tshibwabwa 1997 in honor of British zoologist and zoo director Gordon McGregor Reid (b. 1948), who published a systematic revision of African Labeo in 1985

Labeo ricnorhynchus (McClelland 1839) ricno-, from rhiknós (Gr. ῥικνός), wrinkled; rhýnchos (Gr. ῥύγχος), snout, referring to its “thick and wrinkled” snout

Labeo rohita (Hamilton 1822) presumably a local name for this species in India, perhaps from rohita, Sanskrit word for red or ruddy, possibly referring to the reddish eyes and fins (except for dorsal) as noted in Hamilton’s description

Labeo rosae Steindachner 1894 in honor of Rosa Holub (1865–1958), who participated in the African explorations of her husband, Czech physician, cartographer and ethnographer Emil Holub (1847–1902), who collected holotype

Labeo roseopunctatus Paugy, Guégan & Agnèse 1990 roseo-, from roseus (L.), rose-colored; punctatus (L.), spotted, referring to lines of pink-orange spots on scales above and below lateral line (in living specimens)

Labeo rouaneti Daget 1962 in honor of Raymond Rouanet, Curator, Eaux et Forêts (Waters and Forests), for his role in facilitating Daget’s expeditions in Guinea and/or help collecting fishes

Labeo rubromaculatus Gilchrist & Thompson 1913 rubro, from ruber (L.), red; maculatus (L.), spotted, referring to 6–8 gold-red spots present on living specimens but quickly fade after death

Labeo ruddi Boulenger 1907 in honor of De Beers Mining Company co-founder Charles Dunell Rudd (1844–1916), who financed expedition that collected holotype

Labeo sanagaensis Tshibwabwa 1997 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Sangana River basin, Cameroon, type locality

Labeo seeberi Gilchrist & Thompson 1911 in honor of C. R. Seeber, Chief Constable at Clanwilliam, Western Cape, South Africa, and an angler, who sent fishes to Gilchrist in 1906, including the holotype of this one

Labeo senegalensis Valenciennes 1842 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place Senegal, type locality

Labeo shivamogaensis Arunachalam, Anusha & Sivakumar 2018 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Shivamoga (also known as Shimoga and Shivamogga), Karnataka, India, where type locality (Bhadra Reservoir of Bhadra River) is situated

Labeo simpsoni Ricardo-Bertram 1943 in honor of the late Charles Simpson, probably Charles “Chambeshi” Simpson (1870–1937), Nyasaland Superintendent of the African Lakes Corporation (a Scottish importer-exporter), nicknamed for the river that is the type locality of this species

Labeo sorex Nichols & Griscom 1917 Latin for shrew or shrew mouse, probably referring to its minute eyes (and perhaps its presumed burrowing habits)

Labeo stolizkae Steindachner 1870 in honor of Moravian paleontologist Ferdinand Stoliczka (note variant spelling, 1838–1874), who collected holotype [although named after a man, “ae” is, per Latin grammar, an acceptable way to form a genitive from nouns that end in “a”]

Labeo trigliceps Pellegrin 1926 Trigla, gurnard genus (Triglidae); –ceps (Neo-Latin), headed, referring to the gurnard-like appearance of its head

Labeo umbratus (Smith 1841) etymology not explained; could mean “covered” (referring to blotches or spots of “gallstone-yellow” on back and sides and/or “several small clusters of minute dots of a chocolate-red colour” on sides), and/or “shaded” (referring to pectoral, anal and ventral fins “shaded with brownish purple-red” and/or eyes “shaded with brownish orange”)

Labeo victorianus Boulenger 1901 –anus (L.), belonging to: Lake Victoria drainage, where it is endemic

Labeo vulgaris Heckel 1847 Latin for common, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to its common occurrence in Cairo based on the many specimens Heckel received

Labeo werneri Lohberger 1929 patronym not identified but probably in honor of Lohberger’s fellow Austrian and colleague, herpetologist Franz Werner (1867–1939)

Labeo worthingtoni Fowler 1958 L. intermedius Nichols & Griscom 1917 (=L. chariensis)

Labiobarbus van Hasselt 1823 combination of Labeo (“with 4 small barbels”) and Barbus (“a single dorsal fin of which the second ray is not serrated”) [translations; van Hasselt consistently used the spelling Labio-, therefore Labeobarbus Rüppell 1835 (Torinae) is not a junior homonym]

Labiobarbus fasciatus (Bleeker 1853) Latin for banded, referring to dark-violet spots at base of lateral line scales that form a band extending from head to tail

Labiobarbus festivus (Heckel 1843) Latin for pleasing, handsome or pretty, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to the blackish bands on its caudal-fin lobes

Labiobarbus lamellifer Kottelat 1995 lamella, diminutive of lamina (L.), a thin plate; –fer, from fero (L.), to have or bear, referring to outer gill rakers on first arch, which are flattened in a plane perpendicular to the gill arch

Labiobarbus leptocheilus (Valenciennes 1842) leptós (Gr. λεπτός), fine or thin; cheī́los (Gr. χεῖλος), lip, referring to its small, slightly fleshy lips

Labiobarbus ocellatus (Heckel 1843) Latin for having little eyes (ocelli), referring to blackish-violet spots, ringed by yellow, under scapular girdle and at caudal fin base

Labiobarbus sabanus (Inger & Chin 1962) –anus (L.), belonging to: Sabah, Malaysia, where type locality (Danau Bukit Garam, Kinabatangan District) is situated

Labiobarbus siamensis (Sauvage 1881) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Siam, or Thailand, referring to type localities in Petchaburi (Pexabury) and Bangkok

Labiobarbus spilopleura Smith 1934 spílos (Gr. σπίλος), mark or spot; pleurá (Gr. πλευρά), side, referring to diamond-shaped spot over pectoral fin

Lanlabeo Yao, He & Peng 2018 Lan, in honor of Jiahu Lan, Aquatic Bureau of Du’an (Guangxi Province, China), for his contributions to the discovery of fish diversity in southern China (he also collected holotype of L. duanensis); labeo, a labeonine cyprinid

Lanlabeo duanensis Yao, He & Peng 2018 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Du’an County, Guangxi Province, China, type locality

Linichthys Zhang & Fang 2005 in honor of ichthyologist Lin Ren-Duan, Chinese Academy of Sciences, senior author of type species, L. laticeps; ichthýs (Gr. ἰχθύς), fish

Linichthys laticeps (Lin & Zhang 1986) latus (L.), wide or broad; –ceps (Neo-Latin), headed, referring to broad and flattened head

Lobocheilos Bleeker 1854 lobus (L.), from lobós (Gr. λοβός), rounded projection or protuberance; cheī́los (Gr. χεῖλος), lip, referring to rostral cap covering most of upper lip of L. falcifer

Lobocheilos aurolineatus Ciccotto & Tan 2018 aureus (L.), golden; lineatus (L.), lined, referring to gold stripe along side in living specimens

Lobocheilos bo (Popta 1904) named for the Bö River, Kapuas River basin, Borneo, type locality

Lobocheilos erinaceus Kottelat & Tan 2008 Latin for hedgehog, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to large conical tubercles on tip of snout and rostral cap

Lobocheilos falcifer (Valenciennes 1842) falcis, genitive of falx (L.), sickle or scythe; –fer, from fero (L.), to have or bear, referring to falcate dorsal fin

Lobocheilos ixocheilos Kottelat & Tan 2008 ix, phonetic spelling of letter x, referring to “long-lasting uncertainties of the identity of the species” (i.e., its “x-factor”?); cheī́los (Gr. χεῖλος), lip, “a common suffix used in names of cyprinid genera”

Lobocheilos kajanensis (Popta 1904) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Kayan River, central Borneo, type locality

Lobocheilos lehat Bleeker 1858 Sundanese vernacular for this species in Java, Indonesia

Lobocheilos ovalis Kottelat & Tan 2008 Latin for oval, referring to the oval, vertically elongated black blotch at end of caudal peduncle (especially distinct in adults)

Lobocheilos rhabdoura (Fowler 1934) rhábdos (Gr. ῥάβδος), rod or wand (Fowler said streak); ourá (Gr. οὐρά), tail, referring to dark axial streak on tail ending in a dark blotch at caudal base

Lobocheilos schwanefeldii Bleeker 1854 in honor of Dutch military surgeon H. W. Schwanefeld, who collected holotype [originally spelled schwanenfeldii, regarded as a correctable misprint]

Lobocheilos tenura Kottelat & Tan 2008 tenuis (L.), thin or slender; ourá (Gr. οὐρά), tail, referring to its slender caudal peduncle

Lobocheilos terminalis Kottelat & Tan 2008 Latin for terminal, referring to almost terminal position of mouth

Lobocheilos unicornis Kottelat & Tan 2008 Latin for one-horned, i.e., a unicorn, referring to conspicuous anterodorsal projection on top of head on females larger than 130 mm SL

Longanalus Li 2006 longus (L.), long; analus, variant spelling of analis (L.), anal, referring to unique anal fin among Chinese labeonines, with seven soft rays instead of five

Longanalus macrochirous Li, Ran & Chen 2006 macro-, from makrós (Gr. μακρός), long or large; chirous, presumably variant spelling of cheirós (Gr. χειρός), genitive of cheír (χείρ), hand, homologous to the pectoral fin, which is well-developed and extends to pelvic-fin point

Mekongina Fowler 1937 –ina (L.), belonging to: Mekong River, referring to M. erythrospila described from the Mekong River drainage of Thailand

Mekongina bibarba Nguyen 2002 bi-, from bis (L.), twice; barba (L.), beard, referring to pair of barbels at corners of mouth, compared with absence of barbels on M. erythrospila

Mekongina erythrospila Fowler 1937 erythrós (Gr. ἐρυθρός), red; spílos (Gr. σπίλος), mark or spot, referring to bright vermilion spot on each scale

Mekongina lancangensis Yang, Chen & Yang 2008 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Lancang River tributary, Mengla County, Yunnan Province, China, type locality

Osteochilus Günther 1868 ostéon (Gr. ὀστέον), bone; cheī́los (Gr. χεῖλος), lip, referring to hard, sharp, chisel-like transverse edge on lower lip of O. melanopleurus

Subgenus Osteochilus

Osteochilus bellus Popta 1904 Latin for beautiful, presumably referring to its purple and purple-pink body color with pinkish fins and eight longitudinal spots

Osteochilus bleekeri Kottelat 2008 in honor of Dutch army surgeon and ichthyologist Pieter Bleeker (1819–1878), who reported this species as Rohita triporos (=O. [Neorohita] microcephalus) in 1852

Osteochilus borneensis (Bleeker 1856) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Borneo, type locality

Osteochilus brachynotopteroides Chevey 1934 –oides, Latinized suffix adopted from eī́dos (Gr. εἶδος), form or shape: referring to its similarity to O. brachynotopterus (=microcephalus)

Osteochilus chini Karnasuta 1993 in honor of Datuk (honorific title) Chin Phui-Kong (1923–ca. 2016), Malaysian ichthyologist, who helped collect holotype in 1956

Osteochilus enneaporos (Bleeker 1852) ennéa (Gr. ἐννέα), nine; póros (Gr. πόρος), presumably referring to eight pores or tubercles on snout (one central pore surrounded by eight others in a circle)

Osteochilus flavicauda Kottelat & Tan 2009 flavus (L.), yellow; cauda (L.), tail, referrng to its yellow caudal fin in life

Osteochilus harrisoni Fowler 1905 in honor of Alfred C. Harrison, Jr. (1869–1925), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (USA), explorer of Borneo and Sumatra, who collected holotype

Osteochilus ingeri Karnasuta 1993 in honor of American herpetologist-ichthyologist Robert F. Inger (1920–2019), Field Museum of Natural History (Chicago, USA), who collected holotype

Osteochilus jeruk Hadiaty & Siebert 1998 Bahasa Indonesian word for orange, referring to its bright-orange coloration in life

Osteochilus kahajanensis (Bleeker 1856) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Kahajan River, Borneo, type locality

Osteochilus kappenii (Bleeker 1856) in honor of Dutch health officer and military surgeon E. F. J. Van Kappen, who collected Bornean fishes for Bleeker

Osteochilus kelabau Popta 1904 indigenous name for this fish in central Borneo

Osteochilus kerinciensis Tan & Kottelat 2009 – ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Lake Kerinci, Sumatra, type locality

Osteochilus lini Fowler 1935 in honor of Chinese ichthyologist Lin Shu-Yen (1903–1974), for his “valuable studies on Chinese fishes”

Osteochilus melanopleurus (Bleeker 1852) mélanos (Gr. μέλανος), genitive of mélas (μέλας), black; pleurus, from pleurá (Gr. πλευρά), side, referring to large, blackish, vertical blotch on side of body above pectoral fin

Osteochilus partilineatus Kottelat 1995 partialis (L.), incomplete; lineatus (L.), lined, referring to its “irregular and partly incomplete striped pattern”

Osteochilus pentalineatus Kottelat 1982 penta-, from pénte (Gr. πέντε), five; lineatus (L.), lined, referring to five longitudinal stripes on body

Osteochilus repang Popta 1904 indigenous name for this fish in central Borneo

Osteochilus salsburyi Nichols & Pope 1927 in honor of Canadian-born American missionary and physician Clarence G. Salsbury (1885–1980), American Presbyterian Mission of Hainan, for his interest and aid in Nichols’ work

Osteochilus sarawakensis Karnasuta 1993 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Sarawak state, Borneo, East Malaysia, only known area of occurrence

Osteochilus scapularis Fowler 1939 Latin for scapular, referring to its dark shoulder blotch

Osteochilus schlegelii (Bleeker 1851) in honor of the “eminent” (translation) German ornithologist-herpetologist Hermann Schlegel (1804–1884)

Osteochilus serokan Hadiaty & Siebert 1998 Bahasa Indonesian word generally applied to members of Osteochilus

Osteochilus spilurus (Bleeker 1851) spílos (Gr. σπίλος), mark or spot; urus, from ourá (Gr. οὐρά), tail, referring to large black spot at caudal peduncle

Osteochilus striatus Kottelat 1998 Latin for furrowed or grooved (i.e., striped), referring to conspicuous dark longitudinal stripe along lateral line, ending on median caudal rays

Osteochilus waandersii (Bleeker 1853) in honor of Henri Louis van Bloemen Waanders (1821–1883), administrator of the tin mines of Banka (an island in Sumatra), to whom knowledge of this species, and other freshwater fishes from the island, are due

Subgenus Neorohita Fowler 1937 néos (Gr. νέος), new, i.e., a new subgenus for Rohita hasseltii (=O. vittatus), type species

Osteochilus intermedius Weber & de Beaufort 1916 Latin for intermediate, differing from O. vittatus in number of scales between lateral line and dorsal but resembling O. triporus (=microcephalus) in dorsal and caudal fin markings

Osteochilus microcephalus (Valenciennes 1842) small-headed, from mikrós (Gr. μικρός), small, and kephalḗ (Gr. κεφαλή), head, referring to its smaller head compared with Rohita hasseltii (=O. vittatus)

Osteochilus vittatoides Popta 1904 –oides, Latinized suffix adopted from eī́dos (Gr. εἶδος), form or shape: referring to its close similarity to O. vittatus

Osteochilus vittatus (Valenciennes 1842) Latin for striped, presumably referring to its single median stripe (description does not mention this character)

Paracrossochilus Popta 1904 para– (Gr. παρά), near, similar to Crossocheilus, from which it differs in the structure of the mouth

Paracrossochilus acerus Inger & Chin 1962 ἀ, Greek privative, i.e., without; cerus, from kéras (Gr. κέρας), horn, referring to absence of large rostral tubercles as seen on P. vittatus males

Paracrossochilus vittatus (Boulenger 1894) Latin for banded, presumably referring to blackish stripe along lateral line scales, and half of each adjoining scale separated from dark dorsal color by a light, metallic, iridescent streak

Parapsilorhynchus Hora 1921 para– (Gr. παρά), near, closely resembling Psilorhynchus Psilorhynchidae)

Parapsilorhynchus alluriensis Jadhav, Karuthapandi, Chandra, Jaiswal & Dinesh 2020 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Alluri Forest, Eastern Ghats, Visakhapatnam District, Andhra Pradesh, India, type locality

Parapsilorhynchus discophorus Hora 1921 disco-, from discus (L.), disc or circular plate; phorus, from phoreús (Gr. φορεύς), bearer or carrier, referring to small, rudimentary disc behind lower lip

Parapsilorhynchus elongatus Singh 1994 Latin for prolonged, referring to its long pectoral fins

Parapsilorhynchus odishaensis Baliarsingh, Kosygin & Swain 2017 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Odisha, India, type locality

Parapsilorhynchus prateri Hora & Misra 1938 in honor of Indian-born British naturalist Stanley Henry Prater (1890–1960), curator, Bombay Natural History Society, and editor of the Society’s journal, in which description was published

Parapsilorhynchus swaini Baliarsingh & Kosygin 2017 in honor of Saroj Kanta Swain (b. 1963), ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India), for encouragement and support of the authors’ study of this species

Parapsilorhynchus tentaculatus (Annandale 1919) -atus (L.), provided with: tentacule (L.), feeler, i.e., small tentacle,presumably referring to minute tubercles covering its lower lip

Paraqianlabeo Zhao, Sullivan, Zhang & Peng 2014 para– (Gr. παρά), near, referring to close similarity to Qianlabeo

Paraqianlabeo lineatus Zhao, Sullivan, Zhang & Peng 2014 Latin for lined, referring to longitudinal dark stripe along sides of body

Parasinilabeo Wu 1939 para– (Gr. παρά), near, presumed to be closely related to Sinilabeo

Parasinilabeo assimilis Wu & Yao 1977 Latin for similar, referring to similarity to and previous identification as P. (=Rectoris) mutabilis

Parasinilabeo longibarbus Zhu, Lan & Zhang 2006 longus (L.), long; barbus (L.), beard, distinguished from congeners by possessing a pair of well-developed maxillary barbels

Parasinilabeo longicorpus Zhang 2000 longus (L.), long; corpus (L.), body, referring to its elongated body, 14.7–18.9% SL

Parasinilabeo longiventralis Huang, Chen & Yang 2007 longus (L.), long; ventralis (L.), of the belly, referring to its longer pelvic (or ventral) fin compared with congeners

Parasinilabeo maculatus Zhang 2000 Latin for spotted, presumably referring to black marking below fifth lateral line scale and above pectoral fin

Parasinilabeo microps (Su, Yang & Cui 2001) micro-, from mikrós (Gr. μικρός), small; ṓps (Gr. ὦψ), eye, referring to relatively small eyes, about 20% of head length

Placocheilus Wu 1977 placo-, from plakós (Gr. πλακός), genitive of πλάξ (pláx), anything flat or wide, i.e., a plate; cheī́los (Gr. χεῖλος), lip, referring to lower lip modified into an oval (i.e., plate-like) adhesive disc

Placocheilus bibarbatus Nguyen 2002 bi-, from bis (L.), twice; barbatus (L.), bearded, described as only congener with a pair of barbels

Placocheilus caudofasciatus (Pellegrin & Chevey 1936) cauda (L.), tail; fasciatus (L.), banded, referring to two dark, semicircular marks on middle of each lobe of caudal fin

Placocheilus imbarbatus Nguyen 2002 im-, from in (L.), not; barbatus (L.), bearded, referring to lack of barbels compared with P. bibarbatus, described in the same publication

Prolixicheilus Zheng, Chen & Yang 2016 prolixus (L.), stretched out or long; cheī́los (Gr. χεῖλος), lip, referring to its broad lips

Prolixicheilus longisulcus (Zheng, Chen & Yang 2010) longus (L.), long; sulcus (L.), furrow or groove, referring to longer postlabial grooves compared with Pseudogyrinocheilus prochilus, its presumed congener at the time

Protolabeo Zhang, Zhao & An 2010 prṓtos (Gr. πρῶτος), first, referring to the “relatively primitive structure” (translation) of its mouth in the subfamily; Labeo, a labeonine cyprinid

Protolabeo protolabeo Zhang, Zhao & Liu 2010 as for genus

Pseudocrossocheilus Zhang & Chen 1997 pseudo-, from pseúdēs (Gr. ψεύδης), false, i.e., although this genus may resemble Crossocheilus, such an appearance is false

Pseudocrossocheilus bamaensis (Fang 1981) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Bama County, Guangxi Province, China, where type locality (Panyang River) is situated

Pseudocrossocheilus liuchengensis (Liang, Liu & Wu 1987) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Liu Cheng County, Guangxi Province, China, type locality

Pseudocrossocheilus longibullus (Su, Yang & Cui 2003) longus (L.), long; bullus, unnecessary masculinization of bulla (L.), bubble, referring to its elongate air bladder

Pseudocrossocheilus nigrovittatus (Su, Yang & Cui 2003) nigro-, from niger (L.), black; vittatus (L.), banded, referring to black longitudinal stripe on side

Pseudocrossocheilus papillolabrus (Su, Yang & Cui 2003) papillo, from papilla (L.), bud; labrus, unnecessary masculinization of labra (L.), lip, referring to lower lip densely covered with papillae, the width of papillate area larger than other species of Sinocrossocheilus (its original genus)

Pseudocrossocheilus tridentis (Cui & Chu 1986) tri– (L.), three; dentatus (L.), toothed, referring to three rows of lower pharyngeal teeth instead of two

Pseudogyrinocheilus Fang 1933 pseudo-, from pseúdēs (Gr. ψεύδης), false, i.e., although this genus may resemble Gyrinocheilus (Gyrinocheilidae, but then placed in Cyprinidae), such an appearance is false

Pseudogyrinocheilus prochilus (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874) pro– (L.), in front of; chilus, from cheī́los (Gr. χεῖλος), lip, referring to its thick lips, which, when mouth is fully opened, form a seemingly protactile sucking disc

Pseudoplacocheilus Li, Zhou, Sun & Yun 2024 pseudo-, from pseúdēs (Gr. ψεύδης), false, i.e., although the gular disc of this genus is similar in external shape to that of Placocheilus (original genus of P. cryptonemus), the “fine structure is not exactly the same”

Pseudoplacocheilus cryptonemus (Cui & Li 1984) crypto-, from kryptós (Gr. κρυπτός), secret or hidden; nḗma (Gr. νῆμα), thread, presumably referring to the absence of barbels

Ptychidio Myers 1930 ptychós (Gr. πτυχός), genitive of ptýx (πτύξ), layer or fold, presumably referring to extrusible, fimbriated upper lip that folds over lower lip when mouth is closed; ídios (Gr. ἴδιος), one’s own, personal or individual, referring to mouth structure, which is “closely approached by no known Cyprinid”

Ptychidio jordani Myers 1930 in honor of American ichthyologist David Starr Jordan (1851–1931), Chancellor Emeritus of Stanford University, “in slight appreciation of his friendship and many kindnesses to the writer”

Ptychidio longibarbus Chen & Chen 1989 longus (L.), long; barbus (L.), beard, having the longest barbels among its congeners

Ptychidio macrops Fang 1981 macro-, from makrós (Gr. μακρός), long or large; ṓps (Gr. ὦψ), referring to its larger eye (and greater interorbital distance) compared with P. jordani

Qianlabeo Zhang & Chen 2004 Qian, a short appellation of Guizhou Province, China, where Q. striatus was collected; Labeo, a labeonine cyprinid

Qianlabeo striatus Zhang & Chen 2004 Latin for grooved or furrowed (i.e., striped), referring to longitudinal dark stripe along side of body

Rectoris Lin 1935 rectus (L.), straight; oris (L.), mouth, referring to “very slightly arched” mouth and/or straight lower jaw of R. posehensis

Rectoris longibarbus Zhu, Zhang & Lan 2012 longus (L.), long; barbus (L.), beard, referring to pair of well-developed maxillary barbels

Rectoris longifinus Li, Mao & Lu 2002 longus (L.), long; finus, latinization of Anglo-Saxon fin, referring to longer fins compared with R. posehensis

Rectoris luxiensis Wu & Yao 1977 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Luxi County, Hunan, China, type locality

Rectoris mutabilis (Lin 1933) Latin for variable (per Lin), allusion not explained, possibly referring to how this “Chinese species differs from that [Epalzeorhynchos kalopterus] of the [Indo-Australian] Archipelago” and perhaps other species then placed in Epalzeorhynchos

Rectoris posehensis Lin 1935 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Poseh, Kwangsi, China, type locality

Schismatorhynchos Bleeker 1855 schísma (Gr. σχίσμα),split or cleft; rhýnchos (Gr. ῥύγχος), snout, referring to cleft snout of S. heterorhynchos

Schismatorhynchos endecarhapis Siebert & Tjakrawidjaja 1998 éndeka (Gr. ένδεκα), eleven; rhapís (Gr. ῥαπίς), rod, referring to modal number (11) of branched rays in dorsal fin

Schismatorhynchos heterorhynchos (Bleeker 1854) héteros (Gr. ἕτερος), different; rhýnchos (Gr. ῥύγχος), snout, referring to deep horizontal cleft in snout

Schismatorhynchos holorhynchos Siebert & Tjakrawidjaja 1998 hólos (Gr. ὅλος), whole or entire; rhýnchos (Gr. ῥύγχος), snout, referring to the absence of deep cleft in snout, as in sister species, S. heterorhynchos

Semilabeo Peters 1881 semi-, from semis (L.), half, i.e., similar to Labeo

Semilabeo notabilis Peters 1881 Latin for remarkable or notable, allusion not explained, but based on Peters’ illustration perhaps referring to recessed papillae at end of snout and/or to broad, papillose lips ending in a bib-like point

Semilabeo obscurus Lin 1981 Latin for dark or dusky, presumably referring to its color pattern, lacking distinct stripes or bands

Sinigarra Zhang & Zhou 2012 Sino-, Sinica (China), only country where it occurs; Garra, generic name used for labeonin species that usually possess a lower lip modified into a mental adhesive disc and three rows of pharyngeal teeth, referring to presence of a similar disc-like structure

Sinigarra napoensis Zhang & Zhou 2012 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Napo County, Guangxi Province, China, where it is endemic [spelling corrected from napoense]

Sinilabeo Rendahl 1933 Sino-, Sinica (China), where type species, S. hummeli (reported as Varicorhinus [=Bangana] tungting), is endemic; Labeo, “according to its shape in a morphological line with the genus Labeo” (translation)

Sinilabeo hummeli Zhang, Kullander & Chen 2006 in honor of David Hummel (1893-1984), Swedish physician and explorer who collected first specimen (now paratype) from upper Yangtze River basin as part of Sino-Swedish expedition (1927–1935) to China in 1930

Sinilabeo longibarbatus Chen & Zheng 1988 longus (L.), long; barbatus (L.), bearded, referring to its long barbels

Sinocrossocheilus Wu 1977 Sino-, Sinica (China), being Chinese species that share the fringed upper lip of Crossocheilus

Sinocrossocheilus guizhouensis Wu 1977 -ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Guizhou Province, China, where type locality (Wujiang River system) is situated

Sinocrossocheilus labiatus Su, Yang & Cui 2003 Latin for large-lipped, referring to wider center of lower lip compared with S. guizhouensis [spelling emended from labiata to reflect correct gender]

Speolabeo Kottelat 2017 spéos (Gr. σπέος), cave or cavern, referring to its habitat; labeo, a labeonine cyprinid

Speolabeo hokhanhi Tao, Cao, Deng & Zhang 2018 in honor of Ho Khanh, who discovered many caves in Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park, Vietnam; he served as guide for the 2014 survey in cave where type was collected and provided detailed information about the site

Speolabeo musaei (Kottelat & Steiner 2011) of the musaeum (L.), cave, referring to its cave habitat in central Laos

Stenorynchoacrum Huang, Yang & Chen 2014 sténos (Gr. στένος), narrow; rhýnchos (Gr. ῥύγχος), snout; acrum, from ákros (Gr. ἄκρος), highest point (authors say “extremities of the body (snout, ears or trotters”), referring to ventral margin of rostral cap, which is narrow and undeveloped

Stenorynchoacrum xijiangensis Huang, Yang & Chen 2014 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Xi Jiang drainage, Guangxi Province, China, type locality

Supradiscus Li, Zhou, Sun & Yun 2024 supra– (L.), above; discus, from dískos (Gr. δίσκος), any flat circular plate, referring to the mouth having an overlapping disc

Supradiscus incisorbis (Zheng, Yang & Chen 2016) incisus (L.), notched; orbis (L.), circle or disc, referring to median notch on posterior edge of oral sucking disc

Supradiscus micropulvinus (Zhou, Pan & Kottelat 2005) micro-, from mikrós (Gr. μικρός), small; pulvinus (L.), cushion or small pillow, referring to small central pad of oral sucking disc

Tariqilabeo Mirza & Saboohi 1990 in honor of Zafarullah Khan Tariq, Deputy Director, Department of Plant Protection, Government of Pakistan, who collected specimens of T. macmahoni used in the authors’ study; labeo, originally proposed as a subgenus of Labeo

Tariqilabeo adiscus (Annandale 1919) ἀ, Greek privative, i.e., without; discus (L.), disc or circular plate, presumably referring to “very imperfectly differentiated” disc (i.e., lower lip modified to form an adhesive disc), compared with congeners then placed in Discognathus (=Garra)

Tariqilabeo bicornis (Wu 1977) bi-, from bis (L.), twice; cornis (L.), horn, referring to pair of fleshy rostral flaps on tip of snout

Tariqilabeo burmanicus (Hora 1936) –icus (L.), belonging to: Burma (Myanmar), being a “Burmese form” of T. latius

Tariqilabeo diplochilus (Heckel 1838) double-lipped, from diplóos (Gr. διπλόος) or diploū́s (διπλοῦς), double or twofold, and cheī́los (Gr. χεῖλος), lip, referring to upper lip, which consists of two fleshy folds that cover mouth when it is closed

Tariqilabeo latius (Hamilton 1822) Latinization of Lati, native Bengali name from this species (a name that apparently confused McClelland in 1838: “By giving a Latin termination to Lati … [Hamilton-]Buchanan has rendered it the most inappropriate that could be invented. So far from it being broad [=latius], it is the longest proportioned form among the Paeonominae, and is in fact a true representative of the anguilliform fishes.”)

Tariqilabeo macmahoni (Zugmayer 1912) patronym not identified, probably in honor of British diplomat and Indian Army officer Arthur Henry McMahon (1862–1949), who asked Zugmayer to establish a collection of marine fishes for a national museum in Quetta, Pakistan [note Latinization of “Mc” to “Mac”]

Tariqilabeo periyarensis (Menon & Jacob 1996) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Periyar River, Thanikkudy (Thekkady), Kerala State, South India, type locality

Tariqilabeo wattanah (Sykes 1839) Marathi vernacular for this species in India, which, as Sykes explained in 1841, he adopted “so that naturalists who travel the country can always obtain” the species

Thynnichthys Bleeker 1859 thýnnos (Gr. θύννος), tunny, referring to how head shape of T. thynnoides somewhat resembles the head of the scombrid Thynnus thunnina (=Euthynnus alletteratus); ichthýs (Gr. ἰχθύς), fish

Thynnichthys polylepis Bleeker 1860 polý (Gr. πολύ), many; lepίs (Gr. λεπίς), scale, referring to more numerous longitudinal and transverse scales than T. thynnoides

Thynnichthys sandkhol (Sykes 1839) Marathi vernacular for this species in India, which, as Sykes explained in 1841, he adopted “so that naturalists who travel the country can always obtain” the species

Thynnichthys thynnoides (Bleeker 1852) –oides, Latinized suffix adopted from eī́dos (Gr. εἶδος), form or shape: thýnnos (Gr. θύννος), tunny, referring to how head shape somewhat resembles the head of the scombrid Thynnus thunnina (=Euthynnus alletteratus)

Thynnichthys vaillanti Weber & de Beaufort 1916 in honor of French zoologist Léon Vaillant (1834–1914), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle (Paris), who observed differences between this species and T. thynnoides in 1902

Vinagarra Nguyen & Bui 2010 Vina, short for Vietnam, where all species (except for V. findolabium) are endemic; Garra, referring to previous placement in that genus

Vinagarra elongata Nguyen & Bui 2010 Latin for prolonged, referring to its longer, more slender body compared with V. laichowensis

Vinagarra findolabium (Li, Zhou & Fu 2008) findo (L.), cleave or split; labium (L.), lip, referring to posterior edge of oral sucking disc with a median fissure, divided into two lamellae

Vinagarra laichowensis (Nguyen & Doan 1969) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Lai Chau Province, Vietnam, type locality

Vinagarra tamduongensis Nguyen & Bui 2010 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Tam Duong district, Lai Chau Province, Vietnam, type locality

Zuojiangia Zheng, He, Yang & Wu 2018 –ia (L. suffix): belonging to: Zuojiang River, Jingxi County, Guangxi Province, China, type locality

Zuojiangia jingxiensis Zheng, He, Yang & Wu 2018 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Jingxi County, Guangxi Province, China, where type locality (Zuojiang River) is situated