Updated 24 April 2024
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Annamia Hora 1932 –ia (L. suffix), belonging to: Annam, a French protectorate encompassing the central region of present-day Vietnam, type locality of A. normani

Annamia normani (Hora 1931) in honor of English ichthyologist J. R. (John Roxborough) Norman (1898–1944), British Museum (Natural History), who loaned holotype to Hora

Annamia thuathienensis Nguyen 2005 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Thua Thiên Province, Huê, Vietnam, type locality [species inquirenda, provisionally included here]

Bashimyzon Gong & Zhang 2024 Bashi, local name (Zhuang language) of the Damingshan Mountain, Guangxi, China, type locality of B. damingshanensis; myzon, latinized from mýzō (Gr. μύζω), to suck (borrowed from Gastromyzon), referring to suctorial disc formed on ventrum by enlarged pectoral fins, suprapelvic flaps and fused pelvic fins

Bashimyzon cheni Gong & Zhang 2024 in honor of ichthyologist Chen Yiyu (b. 1944), Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Wuhan), for his “great” contribution to Chinese freshwater fish research; in particular, he discovered and named the type species of Erromyzon and Yaoshania, both close relatives of Bashimyzon

Bashimyzon damingshanensis (Xiu & Yang 2017) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Damingshan Mountain, headwaters of Pearl River drainage, Guangxi, China, type locality

Beaufortia Hora 1932 –ia (L. suffix), belonging to: Dutch zoologist Lieven Ferdinand de Beaufort (1879–1968), for helping Hora during his work at the Zoölogisch Museum, Amsterdam

Beaufortia buas (Mai 1978) etymology not explained, presumably referring to Búa River, northern Vietnam, presumed type locality [species inquirenda, provisionally included here]

Beaufortia cyclica Chen 1980 presumably from kýklos (Gr. κύκλος), round or circular, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to its “oval disc-shaped body” (translation)

Beaufortia daon (Mai 1978) etymology not explained, presumably referring to Da River system, Lai Châu, Vietnam, type locality [placed in Pseudogastromyzon by some workers]

Beaufortia elongata (Mai 1978) Latin for prolonged, presumably referring to its compressed body and slender caudal peduncle [species inquirenda placed in Pseudogastromyzon by some workers, provisionally included here]

Beaufortia huangguoshuensis Zheng & Zhang 1987 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: upstream of Huangguoshu Falls, Guizhou Province, China, type locality

Beaufortia intermedia Tang & Wang 1997 Latin for intermediate, presumably referring to how it shares characters with both B. kweichowensis and B. szechuanensis

Beaufortia kweichowensis (Fang 1931) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Kweichow (now Guizhou) Province, China, type locality

Beaufortia leveretti (Nichols & Pope 1927) in honor of Rev. William J. Leverett (1870–1929), American Presbyterian Mission of Hainan, “who contributed in no small degree to the success of [the authors’] ichthyological work in Hainan”

Beaufortia liui Chang 1944 in honor of herpetologist Cheng-chao Liu (1900–1976), West China Union University, who led expedition during which holotype was collected

Beaufortia loos (Mai 1978) etymology not explained, probably referring to Lô River, Vietnam, presumed type locality [species inquirenda placed in Pseudogastromyzon by some workers, provisionally included here]

Beaufortia niulanensis Chen, Huang & Yang 2009 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Niulan Jiang River, Yunnan Province, China, where it is endemic

Beaufortia pingi (Fang 1930) in honor of zoologist Chih Ping (1886–1965), Director, Biological Laboratory of Nanking (now Nanjing), for his “zeal in encouraging the development of zoological science” in China

Beaufortia polylepis Chen 1982 polý (Gr. πολύ), many; lepίs (Gr. λεπίς), scale, having more lateral-line scales than B. pingi

Beaufortia szechuanensis (Fang 1930) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Szechuan (now Sichuan) Province, China, where type locality, Omei-shien (Mount Emei), is situated

Beaufortia yunnanensis (Li, Lu & Mao 1998) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Yunnan Province, China, where it is endemic

Beaufortia zebroida (Fang 1930) -oida, from eí̄dos (Gr. εἶδος), form or shape: a zebra, presumably referring to >20 fine blackish vertical patches on back

Engkaria Tan 2021 Latinization of Engkari, referring to Engkari River, Lupar River basin, southern Sarawak, Malaysia, only known area of occurrence

Engkaria eubranchus (Roberts 1991) eū́– a Greek (εὖ) intensive (well or very); branchos, from bránchia (Gr. βράγχια), gills, referring to large gill opening, extending to pectoral-fin origin, larger than those of its presumed congeners in Hypergastromyzon

Erromyzon Kottelat 2004 erro (L.), to err or make an error, referring to erroneous generic placement of type species (E. sinensis) in Protomyzon; myzon, latinized from mýzō (Gr. μύζω), to suck (borrowed from Gastrymyzon), referring to suctorial disc formed on ventrum by enlarged pectoral fins, suprapelvic flaps and fused pelvic fins

Erromyzon compactus Kottelat 2004 Latin for stocky, referring to its more compact body compared with E. sinensis

Erromyzon kalotaenia Yang, Kottelat, Yang & Chen 2012 kalós (Gr. καλός), beautiful; taenia, from tainía (Gr. ταινία), stripe or bar, referring to 9–12 squarish brown blotches on flank

Erromyzon sinensis (Chen 1980) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Sinica (China), described as a Chinese representative of the largely Bornean genus Protomyzon

Erromyzon yangi Neely, Conway & Mayden 2007 in honor of Yang Jun-Xing, Deputy Director of the Kunming Institute of Zoology (Yunnan, China), who allowed the authors to review his draft manuscript on Chinese Erromyzon

Formosania Oshima 1919 –ia (L. suffix), belonging to: Formosa (Taiwan), referring to distribution of F. gilberti (=lacustris)

Formosania chenyiyui (Zheng 1991) in honor of ichthyologist Chen Yiyu (b. 1944), Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Wuhan), who first recognized this species as distinct in 1980

Formosania davidi (Sauvage 1878) in honor of Armand David (1826–1900), Lazarist missionary Catholic priest and biologist, who collected many specimens in China, including holotype of this one

Formosania fascicauda (Nichols 1926) fascia (L.), band; cauda (L.), tail, referring to four “bold black” bands across tail

Formosania fasciolata (Wang, Fan & Chen 2006) diminutive of fasciatus (L.), banded, i.e., with small bands, referring to 18–22 gray-brown bars or stripes on sides

Formosania galericula (Zhang & Wang 2011) diminutive of galerum (L.), small hat, cap or bonnet, allusion not explained, possibly referring to irregularly shaped bright-gold spots on head and behind eye

Formosania immaculata Sun, Zhou & Yang 2023 im-, from in (L.), not; maculata (L.), spotted, referring to its lack of blotches or stripes, unique in the genus

Formosania lacustris (Steindachner 1908) Latin for relating to or associated with lakes (lacustrine), referring to its abundance in Sun Moon Lake (Lake Candidus), Taiwan

Formosania paucisquama (Zheng 1981) paucus (L.), few; squama (L.), scale, having fewer lateral line scales than known congeners

Formosania stigmata (Nichols 1926) Latin adjectival form of stígma (Gr. στίγμα) or stigmḗ (στιγμή), marked, referring to irregular bold, dark blotches above and below lateral line and on caudal-fin lobes

Formosania tengi (Watanabe 1983) in honor of the late Teng Huo-to (1911–1978), ichthyologist and former president of the Taiwan Fisheries Research Institute, Keelung [treated as a junior synonym of F. lacustris by some workers]

Formosania tinkhami (Herre 1934) in honor of Canadian entomologist Ernest R. Tinkham (1904–1987), Lingnan University (Canton, China), who collected holotype

Gastromyzon Günther 1874 gastḗr (Gr. γαστήρ), belly; myzon, latinized from mýzō (Gr. μύζω), to suck, referring to suctorial disc formed on ventrum by enlarged pectoral fins, suprapelvic flaps and fused pelvic fins

Gastromyzon aequabilis Tan 2006 Latin for uniform, referring to its plain body color compared with the bar pattern of G. danumensis

Gastromyzon aeroides Tan & Sulaiman 2006 Latin for sky-blue, referring to its blue dorsal, anal and caudal fins in life

Gastromyzon auronigrus Tan 2006 aurum (L.), gold; nigra (L.), black, referring to its distinctive gold-and-black coloration

Gastromyzon bario Tan 2006 named for Bario plateau and the indigenous people of the Kelabit highlands, north Sarawak, Borneo, where this loach occurs

Gastromyzon borneensis Günther 1874 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Borneo, where it is endemic

Gastromyzon contractus Roberts 1982 Latin for drawn together, referring to the overlapping or nearness of its fins

Gastromyzon cornusaccus Tan 2006 cornu (L.), end; saccus (L.), bag, referring to postoral pouches at corners posterior to lower lip

Gastromyzon cranbrooki Tan & Sulaiman 2006 in honor of Gathorne Gathorne-Hardy (b. 1933), 5th Earl of Cranbrook, British zoologist and environmentalist, for his contributions to the study of biodiversity in Southeast Asia

Gastromyzon crenastus Tan & Leh 2006 presumably a misspelling of crenatus (L.), notched, referring to white blotches and bars on its dark-colored body

Gastromyzon ctenocephalus Roberts 1982  comb-headed, from ktenós (Gr. κτενός), comb, and kephalḗ (Gr. κεφαλή), head, referring to ctenoid tubercles on head of mature males

Gastromyzon danumensis Chin & Inger 1989 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Danum Valley Conservation Area, Lahad Datu District, Sabah, Malaysia, type locality

Gastromyzon embalohensis Rachmatika 1998 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Embaloh River system, West Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia, type locality

Gastromyzon extrorsus Tan 2006 Latin for outwardly directed, referring to its occurrence only in coastal river basins draining from west side of Crocker Range, Sabah, Borneo

Gastromyzon farragus Tan & Leh 2006 Latin for mixed, referring to the presence of both bars (on dorsum) and spots (on sides)

Gastromyzon fasciatus Inger & Chin 1961 Latin for banded, referring to 8–10 cream bars on dorsum and two cream bars on dorsal fin base

Gastromyzon ingeri Tan 2006 in honor of American biologist Robert F. Inger (1920–2019), Field Museum of Natural History, for his contributions to the ichthyology and herpetology of Borneo

Gastromyzon introrsus Tan 2006 Latin for inwardly directed, referring to occurrence only from interior river basins draining from east side of Crocker Range, Sabah, Borneo

Gastromyzon katibasensis Leh & Chai 2003 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Katibas River (Sarawak, Indonesia), which drains part of the Lanjak-Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary, where it occurs

Gastromyzon lepidogaster Roberts 1982 lepídos (Gr. λεπίδος), genitive of lepίs (λεπίς), scale; gastḗr (Gr. γαστήρ), belly, referring to abdomen “more or less extensively covered with small scales”

Gastromyzon megalepis Roberts 1982 mégas (Gr. μέγας), big; lepίs (Gr. λεπίς), scale, referring to its relatively large scales

Gastromyzon monticola (Vaillant 1889) montis (L.), mountain, –cola (L.), dweller or inhabitant, referring to its occurrence in northwest- and north-draining rivers of Mount Kinabulu, Borneo

Gastromyzon ocellatus Tan & Ng 2004 Latin for having little eyes (ocelli), referring to the eye-like patterns on its sides

Gastromyzon ornaticauda Tan & Martin-Smith 1998 ornatus (L.), embellished; cauda (L.), tail, referring to unique color pattern on caudal fin

Gastromyzon pariclavis Tan & Martin-Smith 1998 par (L.), even; clavis (L.), bar, referring to evenly spaced bars on body

Gastromyzon praestans Tan 2006 Latin for distinguished or superior, referring to its distinctive body color and pattern

Gastromyzon psiloetron Tan 2006 psilós (Gr. ψιλός), bare, uncovered or smooth; ḗtron (Gr. ἦτρον), abdomen, referring to its scaleless belly with scaled pelvic fin area, compared with fully scales belly and ventrum of G. lepidogaster

Gastromyzon punctulatus Inger & Chin 1961 diminutive of punctum (L.), spot, i.e., having tiny spots, referring to numerous small light spots on back and anterior half of body

Gastromyzon ridens Roberts 1982 Latin for laughing or smiling, referring to its “peculiar countenance” caused by the extension of the sublacrimal groove onto the side of its head

Gastromyzon russulus Tan 2006 diminutive of russus (L.), red, referring to its red fins in life

Gastromyzon scitulus Tan & Leh 2006 Latin for beautiful or elegant, referring to its pretty body pattern and coloration in life

Gastromyzon spectabilis Tan 2006 Latin for notable or showy, referring to its distinctive coloration and body pattern in life

Gastromyzon stellatus Tan 2006 Latin for studded with stars, referring to numerous yellow spots on its black body, like stars in a night sky

Gastromyzon umbrus Tan 2006 artificial Neo-Latin for shadowy (classical Latin would be umbrosus), referring to its dusky body coloration; since loach occurs at the “throat” of the Hog’s head of Borneo island, name also refers to shadow cast on the “throat” area by the “chin” area

Gastromyzon venustus Tan & Sulaiman 2006 Latin for charming or beautiful, referring to its distinctive coloration in life

Gastromyzon viriosus Tan 2006 Latin for robust and strong, referring to its thick-set body

Gastromyzon zebrinus Tan 2006 derived from the Amharic zebra, referring to its zebra-like color pattern (dark bars on a light body)

Glaniopsis Boulenger 1899 glanis, ancient name for a silurid catfish (probably Silurus aristotelis) dating to Aristotle, probably used here as a general term for catfish; ópsis (Gr. ὄψις), appearance, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to catfish-like appearance of a nasal barbel of G. hanitschi, distinguishing it from Homaloptera (Balitoridae)

Glaniopsis denudata Roberts 1982 Latin for nude or uncovered, referring to its extremely reduced squamation, allowing myotomal muscles masses to be seen externally

Glaniopsis gossei Roberts 1982 in honor of Belgian ichthyologist Jean-Pierre Gosse (1924–2001), who collected holotype and much of the material reported on in Roberts’ paper

Glaniopsis hanitschi Boulenger 1899 in honor of German-born entomologist Richard Hanitsch (1860–1940), Raffles Museum (Singapore), who collected holotype

Glaniopsis multiradiata Roberts 1982 multi– (L.), many; radiatus (L.), rayed, referring to more numerous pectoral- and pelvic-fin rays than its congeners

Hypergastromyzon Roberts 1989 hypér (Gr. ὑπέρ), beyond, over, above or very, referring to larger pectoral and pelvic fins compared with Gastromyzon and Neogastromyzon

Hypergastromyzon abditus Tan 2021 Latin for hidden or concealed, referring to its cryptic coloration and ability to blend into its environs

Hypergastromyzon humilis Roberts 1989 Latin for on the ground or low, referring to its dorso-ventrally depressed body

Hypergastromyzon sambas Tan 2021 named for the Sambas River basin, Kalimantan Barat, Borneo, where it inhabits upstream tributaries

Katibasia Kottelat 2004 –ia (L. suffix), belonging to: Katibas River, Sarawak, Borneo, type locality of K. insidiosa

Katibasia insidiosa Kottelat 2004 Latin for cunning, insidious or sly, referring to its misleading Protomyzon-like appearance

Labigastromyzon Tang & Chen 1996 labeo (L.), one with large lips, presumably referring to club-shaped adhesive apparatus on lips of L. fangi, almost totally covered with taste buds, i.e., a Gastromyzon with large lips

Labigastromyzon changtingensis (Liang 1942) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Changting, Fukien (now Fujian) Province, China, type locality

Labigastromyzon fangi (Nichols 1931) in honor of Ping-Wen Fang (1903–1944), Metropolitan Museum of Natural History and Biological Laboratory of the Science Society of China, “who has described several handsome new species of these interesting fishes”

Liniparhomaloptera Fang 1935 in honor of of Lin Shu-Yen (1903–1974), for his ichthyological works of South China, including description of type species, L. disparis, originally placed in Parhomaloptera, i.e., Lin’s Parhomaloptera

Liniparhomaloptera disparis (Lin 1934) Latin for unlike or dissimilar, “referring to the color of the fish,” presumably to how it differs in coloration from Parhomaloptera microstoma, its presumed congener at the time

Liniparhomaloptera macrostoma Wu, Xiu & Yang 2016 large-mouthed, from makrós (Gr. μaκρóς), long or large, and stóma (Gr. στόμα), mouth, referring to its relatively larger mouth when compared with congeners

Liniparhomaloptera monoloba (Mai 1978) mónos (Gr. μόνος), alone or only, i.e., one; loba, from lobus (L.), lobe, referring to lobed upper lip (lower lip unlobed)

Liniparhomaloptera obtusirostris Zheng & Chen 1980 obtusus (L.), blunt; rostris, Neo-Latin scientific adjective of rostrum (L.), snout, referring to blunt snout compared with sharper snout of L. disparis

Liniparhomaloptera qiongzhongensis Zheng & Chen 1980 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Qiongzhong Xian, Hainan Island, China, type locality

Neogastromyzon Popta 1905 néos (Gr. νέος), new, i.e., a new genus related to Gastromyzon

Neogastromyzon brunei Tan 2006 named for the Sultanate of Brunei Darussalam (where this loach occurs) and the indigenous Brunei tribe of Borneo

Neogastromyzon chini Tan 2006 in honor of Malaysian ichthyologist Datuk (honorific title) Chin Phui-Kong (1923–2016), for his contributions to the ichthyology of Sabah and Sarawak

Neogastromyzon crassiobex Tan 2006 crassus (L.), thick; obex (L.), bar, referring to thick cream-colored bars on body

Neogastromyzon kottelati Tan 2006 in honor of Swiss ichthyologist Maurice Kottelat (b. 1957), for his “extensive” contributions to the freshwater ichthyology of Asia and Europe

Neogastromyzon nieuwenhuisii Popta 1905 in honor of Anton Willem Nieuwenhuis (1854–1953), Dutch medical officer, ethnographer and explorer, who traveled extensively in Borneo and collected holotype

Neogastromyzon pauciradiatus (Inger & Chin 1961) paucus (L.), few; radiatus (L.), rayed, referring to low pelvic-fin-ray count as compared with N. nieuwenhuisii

Paraprotomyzon Pellegrin & Fang 1935 pará (Gr. παρά), near, referring to similarity of elongate gill opening and separated ventral fins of P. multifasciatus to that of Protomyzon

Paraprotomyzon bamaensis Tang 1997 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Bama County, Guangxi, China, type locality

Paraprotomyzon lungkowensis Xie, Yang & Gong 1984 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Lungkow stream, Mount Shengnongjia, Hubei Province, China, type locality

Paraprotomyzon multifasciatus Pellegrin & Fang 1935 multi– (L.), many; fasciatus (L.), banded, referring to 12–17 obliquely vertical dark brown bands surrounding body

Paraprotomyzon niulanjiangensis Lu, Lu & Mao 2005 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Niulanjiang, Zhanyi County, Yunnan Province, China, type locality

Parhomaloptera Vaillant 1902 pará (Gr. παρά), near, referring to its similarity to Homaloptera

Parhomaloptera microstoma (Boulenger 1899)  small-mouthed, from mikrós (Gr. μικρός), small, and stóma (Gr. στόμα), mouth, “its width barely one fourth that of the head”

Plesiomyzon Zheng & Chen 1980 plḗsios (Gr. πλήσιος), near; myzon, latinized from mýzō (Gr. μύζω), to suck (borrowed from Gastromyzon), presumably referring to its placement as the most primitive genus among gastromyzontid fishes

Plesiomyzon baotingensis Zheng & Chen 1980 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Boating Xian, Hainan Island, China, type locality

Protomyzon Hora 1932 prṓtos (Gr. πρῶτος), first; myzon, latinized from mýzō (Gr. μύζω), to suck (borrowed from Gastromyzon), presumably reflecting Hora’s hypothesis that P. whiteheadi may have evolved from Nemacheilus-like ancestors under influence of swift currents

Protomyzon aphelocheilus Inger & Chin 1962 smooth-lipped, from aphelḗs (Gr. ἀφελής), smooth, simple or artless, and cheí̄los (Gr. χεῖλος), lip, referring to unpapillated lower lip

Protomyzon borneensis Hora & Jayaram 1952 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Borneo (northern Borneo), where it is endemic

Protomyzon griswoldi (Hora & Jayaram 1952) in honor of John Augustus “Gus” Griswold, Jr. (1912–1991), American ichthyologist, aviculturist and ornithologist “whose collection has enabled us to elucidate several points in the taxonomy and systematics of the Gastromyzonid fishes of Borneo”

Protomyzon whiteheadi (Vaillant 1894) in honor of John Whitehead (1860–1899), English explorer, naturalist and bird collector, who collected holotype

Pseudogastromyzon Nichols 1925 pseudo-, from pseúdēs (Gr. ψεύδης), false, i.e., although this genus may resemble Gastromyzon (e.g., expanded pectoral and ventral fins), such an appearance is false

Pseudogastromyzon cheni Liang 1942 in honor of vertebrate zoologist Jianshen (“Johnson”) T. F. Chen (1898–1988), Director, National Taiwan Museum (Taipei), for his contributions to Chinese ichthyology

Pseudogastromyzon fasciatus (Sauvage 1878) Latin for banded, referring to dark, broad, transverse bands on brown body

Pseudogastromyzon laticeps Chen & Zheng 1980 latus (L.), wide or broad; –ceps (Neo-Latin), headed, referring to wide head, its width twice depth at pectoral base

Pseudogastromyzon myersi Herre 1932 in honor of Stanford University ichthyologist George S. Myers (1905–1985), for providing “much assistance” to Herre’s study of Chinese fishes

Sewellia Hora 1932 –ia (L. suffix), belonging to: Lieut.-Col. R. B. Seymour Sewell (1880–1964), Director, Zoological Survey of India, for “encouragement and facilities received for carrying out studies on the torrential [fish] populations of India”

Sewellia albisuera Freyhof 2003 albus (L.), white; suere (L.), to sew, referring to white skin around lateral line pore, resembling a sewn line

Sewellia analis Nguyen & Nguyen 2005 Neo-Latin for anal, allusion not explained, possibly referring to placement of anus closer to anal fin than to ventral-fin edge (compared with medial placement of anus on S. media, described in same publication)

Sewellia breviventralis Freyhof & Serov 2000 brevis (L.), short; ventralis (L.), of the belly, referring to short pelvic (or ventral) fin, reaching 5–40% of distance between anus and anal-fin origin

Sewellia diardi Roberts 1998 in honor of Pierre-Médard Diard (1794– 1863), French naturalist-explorer of Indo-China and Indonesia, perhaps first person to collect freshwater fishes in what is now Vietnam, including specimens of Sewellia ca. 1821

Sewellia elongata Roberts 1998 Latin for prolonged, being the longest species of Sewellia known at the time

Sewellia hypsicrateae Endruweit & Nguyen 2016 named after Hypsicratea, Queen of Pontus (flourished 63 BC), known for her extraordinary combat skills and masculine strength, referring to overall muscular appearance of this species

Sewellia lineolata (Valenciennes 1846) Latin for marked with fine lines, referring to four parallel longitudinal stripes along sides

Sewellia marmorata Serov 1996 Latin for marbled, referring to marble color pattern on upper part of head and dorsal surface

Sewellia media Nguyen & Nguyen 2005 Latin for middle, allusion not explained, possibly referring to placement of anus half-way between anal fin and ventral-fin edge (compared to posterior placement of anus on S. analis, described in same publication)

Sewellia monolobata (Nguyen & Nguyen 2005) mónos (Gr. μόνος), alone or only, i.e., one; lobata (L.), lobed, referring to single-lobed (i.e., undivided) chin

Sewellia patella Freyhof & Serov 2000 Latin for a roundish bowl, vessel or basin, referring to the form of its sucking disk and its general resemblance to the gastropod genus Patella

Sewellia pterolineata Roberts 1998 ptero-, from pterón (Gr. πτερόν or ptéryx (πτέρυξ), fin or wing; lineatus (L.), lined, referring to five bold stripes parallel to fin margins on pectoral fins

Sewellia speciosa Roberts 1998 Latin for beautiful or showy, referring to its “showy and very contrasting coloration”

Sewellia trakhucensis Nguyen & Nguyen 2005 -ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Trà Khúc River, Son Hà, Quang Ngai Province, Vietnam, type locality

Vanmanenia Hora 1932 –ia (L. suffix), belonging to: Hora’s friend, Johan Van Manen (1877–1943), the “illustrious” General Secretary of the Asiatic Society of Bengal

Vanmanenia caldwelli (Nichols 1925) in honor of Harry R. Caldwell (1876–1971), American Methodist missionary to China, hunter and naturalist, who collected holotype

Vanmanenia caobangensis Nguyen 2005 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Cao Bang, Cao Bang Province, Vietnam, type locality

Vanmanenia crassicauda Kottelat 2000 crassus (L.), thick; cauda (L.), tail, referring to its stout caudal peduncle

Vanmanenia gymnetrus Chen 1980 gymnós (Gr. γυμνός), bare or naked; ḗtron (Gr. ἦτρον), abdomen, referring to larger scaleless region of abdomen compared with congeners

Vanmanenia hainanensis Chen & Zheng 1980 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Hainan Island, China, type locality

Vanmanenia homalocephala Zhang & Zhao 2000 level-headed, from homalós (Gr. ὁμαλός), even or level, and kephalḗ (Gr. κεφαλή), head, allusion not explained, presumably referring to its flat, compressed head

Vanmanenia intermedia (Fang 1935) Latin for intermediate, described as representing a “transitional stage in evolution from Vanmanenia to Formosania”

Vanmanenia lineata (Fang 1935) Latin for lined, presumably referring to two dark brownish, dorso-lateral stripes extending from head to caudal base

Vanmanenia maculata Yi, Zhang & Chen 2014 Latin for spotted, referring to dark brown marks on body

Vanmanenia marmorata Deng & Zhang 2021 Latin for marbled, referring to irregular marbled markings on body

Vanmanenia microcephala Li, Zhou & Che 2019 small-headed, from mikrós (Gr. μικρός), small, and kephalḗ (Gr. κεφαλή), head, referring to smaller head compared with other members of the “barred” species group

Vanmanenia microlepis Nguyen 2005 micro-, from mikrós (Gr. μικρός), small; lepίs (Gr. λεπίς), scale, referring to its small scales, covered by skin [questionably a synonym of V. crassicauda, provisionally included here]

Vanmanenia monofasciodorsala Nguyen 2005 mónos (Gr. μόνος), alone or only, i.e., one; fascio, presumably alternate spelling of fascia (L.), band; dorsala, presumably alternate spelling of dorsalis (L.), of the back, referring to dark band on dorsal fin [questionably a synonym of V. serrilineata, provisionally included here]

Vanmanenia multiloba (Mai 1978) multi– (L.), many; loba, from lobus (L.), lobe, referring to its lobate, or papillated, lips [species inquirenda, provisionally included here]

Vanmanenia nahangensis Nguyen 2005 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Nà Hang, Tuyên Quang Province, Vietnam, type locality [species inquirenda, provisionally included here]

Vanmanenia orcicampus Kottelat 2017 orcis (L.), jars; campus (L.), plain or field, referring to type locality, Plain of Jars, central Laos, type locality

Vanmanenia pingchowensis (Fang 1935) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: mountain streams in Pingchowhsien, southern Kweichow (now Guizhou) Province, China, type locality

Vanmanenia polylepis Pan, Liu & Zheng 1983 polý (Gr. πολύ), many; lepίs (Gr. λεπίς), scale, referring to more lateral line scales (137–146) compared with P. pingchowensis (87–98)

Vanmanenia pseudostriata Zhu, Zhao, Liu & Niu 2019 pseudo-, from pseúdēs (Gr. ψεύδης), false, i.e., although this species is “most similar” to V. striata, such an appearance is false

Vanmanenia serrilineata Kottelat 2000 serra (L.), saw; lineata (L.), lined, referring to its saw-toothed midlateral stripe

Vanmanenia stenosoma (Boulenger 1901) sténos (Gr. στένος), narrow; sṓma (Gr. σῶμα), body, presumably referring to “feebly depressed” body

Vanmanenia striata Chen 1980 Latin for furrowed or grooved (i.e., striped), referring to irregular vertical bands on sides

Vanmanenia tetraloba (Mai 1978) tetrá (Gr. τετρά), four; loba, from lobus (L.), lobe, referring to four lobes on lower lip

Vanmanenia trifasciodorsala Nguyen 2005 tri– (L.), three; fascio, presumably alternate spelling of fasci (L.), band; dorsala, presumably alternate spelling of dorsalis (L.), of the back, referring to three dark bands on dorsal fin [questionably a synonym of V. serrilineata, provisionally included here]

Vanmanenia ventrosquamata (Mai 1978) ventro-, from venter (L.), belly, or ventralis (L.), of the belly; squamata (L.), scaled, referring to scales on belly (but not breast) [species inquirenda, provisionally included here]

Vanmanenia xinyiensis Zheng & Chen 1980 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Xinyi Xian, Guangdong, China, type locality

Yaoshania Yang, Kottelat, Yang & Chen 2012 –ia (L. suffix), belonging to: Dayaoshan Mountain, Jinxiu County, Guangxi, China, type locality of Y. pachychilus

Yaoshania pachychilus (Chen 1980) pachýs (Gr. παχύς), thick or stout; chilus, from cheí̄los (Gr. χεῖλος), lip, referring to broader, thicker lips compared with presumed congeners in Protomyzon (original genus)