Revised 15 Nov. 2024
PDF version (with illustrations and additional information)
Trout Barbs
Subfamily CHEDRINAE Bleeker 1863
Barilius Hamilton 1822 Latinization of barila, local Bengali name for B. barila
Barilius barila (Hamilton 1822) local Bengali name for this species
Barilius evezardi Day 1872 in honor of Col. George C. Evezard (1826–1901), Bombay Staff Corps, who assisted in or facilitated the collection of natural history specimens in Puna, India
Barilius mesopotamicus Berg 1932 –icus (L.), belonging to: Mesopotamia, referring to its distribution in the Tigris and Euphrates river systems
Barilius modestus Day 1872 Latin for moderate, modest or unassuming, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to its less-vivid coloration compared with Opsarius bicirratus (=Barilius vagra)
Barilius naseeri Mirza, Rafiq & Awan 1986 in memory of the authors’ late professor, Khan Naseerud-Din Ahmad, former head of the Department of Zoology, Government College, Lahore, Pakistan
Barilius pakistanicus Mirza & Sadiq 1978 –icus (L.), belonging to: Pakistan; described as a Pakistani subspecies of B. vagra
Barilius shariensis Fowler 1949 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Shari (or Chari) River system, Chad, type locality
Barilius torsai Kumari, Munivenkatappa, Sinha, Borah & Das 2019 of the Torsa River, tributary in the Brahmaputra River system, West Bengal, India, type locality
Barilius vagra (Hamilton 1822) local Bengali name for this species
Bengala Gray 1834 name dates from a plate with no written description, but it undoubtedly refers to Bengal, or India, where B. elanga is endemic [sometimes misspelled Bengana]
Bengala elanga (Hamilton 1822) Elanga, Assamese name for this “beautiful fish pretty common in the rivers and ponds of Bengal”
Cabdio Hamilton 1822 derived from Kavdi, “one of many names” along the Ganges River “given to the most common species”
Cabdio crassus Lalramliana, Lalronunga & Singh 2019 Latin for stout or thick, referring to its stout or thick body compared with congeners
Cabdio jaya (Hamilton 1822) local name for this species in Bihar and Upper Pradesh, India
Cabdio morar (Hamilton 1822) presumably a Latinization of morur, local name for this fish along the Ganges River drainage
Cabdio occidentalis Jouladeh-Roudbar, Lalramliana, Vatendoust, Ghanavi & Freyhof 2023 Latin for western, the western-most species of the genus
Cabdio ukhrulensis (Selim & Vishwanath 2001) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Ukhrul District, Manipur, India, type locality
Chelaethiops Boulenger 1899 Chela (Danioninae), a similar genus from India; Aethiops, from the Greek aíthōn (Gr. αἴθω) burn, and ṓps (Gr. ὦψ), face or countenance, possibly referring to Aethiopia, a classical term for Sub-Saharan Africa, referring to Congo River-basin distribution of C. elongatus, i.e., an “Aethiopian” Chela
Chelaethiops bibie (Joannis 1835) presumably Arabic vernacular for this species used along the Nile River
Chelaethiops congicus (Nichols & Griscom 1917) –icus (L.), belonging to: referring to its distribution in the Congo River system
Chelaethiops elongatus Boulenger 1899 Latin for prolonged, referring to its elongate body and/or elongate anal and pectoral fins
Chelaethiops minutus (Boulenger 1906) Latin for little or small, referring to its small size, up to 2.6 cm TL
Chelaethiops rukwaensis (Ricardo 1939) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Lake Rukwa, Tanzania, where it is endemic
Engraulicypris Günther 1894 engraulís, ancient Greek name (ἐγγραυλίς) of the European Anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus, often used a standard suffix for anchovies, referring to anchovy-like shape and color of E. sardinella (and presumably its shoaling and zooplanktivory as well); cypris, a common suffix for small cyprinoid genera, derived from Cyprinus (Common Carp)
Engraulicypris bredoi Poll 1945 in honor of Belgian entomologist Hans J. Brédo (1903–1991), who collected holotype
Engraulicypris brevianalis (Boulenger 1908) brevis (L.), short; analis (L.), anus or anal fin, referring to smaller number of anal-fin rays (14 instead of 18–20) among known presumed congeners in Neobola
Engraulicypris gariepinus Barnard 1943 –inus (L.), belonging to: Gariep River (meaning “Great Water,” now known as Orange River), Namibia, type locality
Engraulicypris howesi Riddin, Bills & Villet 2016 in honor of Gordon J. Howes (1938–2013), Natural History Museum (London), whose studies of the osteology of the Danioninae laid the foundations of their modern classification (Howes also described Mesobola, now a junior synonym of Engraulicypris)
Engraulicypris ngalala Riddin, Villet & Bills 2016 name of any, small, compressed, silvery fish (including Engraulicypris and two African [Alestiidae] tetras, Brycinus and Hemigrammopetersius) in the Cyao language spoken in the Niassa region of northern, where this species occurs
Engraulicypris sardella (Günther 1868) presumably a diminutive of Sardina, a sardine, referring to its anchovy-like shape and color (and possibly its shoaling behavior and zooplanktivory as well)
Engraulicypris spinifer Bailey & Matthes 1971 spina (L.), thorn; -ifer, from fero (L.), to have or bear, referring to numerous minute spiny tubercles on both sexes, appearing chiefly on head and sometimes along upper side of proximal part of first pectoral ray
Leptocypris Boulenger 1900 leptós (Gr. λεπτός), thin or slender, presumably referring to “elongate, slightly compressed” (translation) body of L. modestus; cypris, a common suffix for small cyprinoid genera, derived from Cyprinus (Common Carp)
Leptocypris crossensis Howes & Teugels 1989 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Cross River system, Guinea, type locality
Leptocypris guineensis (Daget 1962) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Guinea, where type locality (Konkouré, at bridge on road Kindia-Télimélé) is situated
Leptocypris konkoureensis Howes & Teugels 1989 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Konkouré River, Badi, Guinea, type locality
Leptocypris lujae (Boulenger 1909) in honor of Luxembourgian botanist-entomologist Édouard-Pierre Luja (1875–1953), resident of Kasai, Zaire (now Democratic Republic of the Congo, type locality), who collected holotype [although named after a man, “ae” is, per Latin grammar, an acceptable way to form a genitive from grammatically masculine nouns that end in “a”]
Leptocypris modestus Boulenger 1900 Latin for moderate, modest or unassuming, allusion not explained, possibly referring to its generic anchovy-like shape and silvery coloration
Leptocypris niloticus (Joannis 1835) –icus (L.), belonging to: Nile River at Thebes, Egypt, type locality
Leptocypris taiaensis Howes & Teugels 1989 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Taia (or Taye) River at Njala, Sierra Leone, type locality
Leptocypris weeksii (Boulenger 1899) in honor of John Henry Weeks (1861–1924), Baptist missionary, ethnographer, explorer and diarist, who collected holotype at his mission station in Monsembe, upper Congo River, Zaire (now Democratic Republic of the Congo)
Leptocypris weynsii (Boulenger 1899) in honor of Belgian explorer Auguste F. G. Weyns (1854–1944), who collected holotype
Luciosoma Bleeker 1855 lucius (L.), pike; sṓma (Gr. σῶμα), body, referring to elongate, pike-like shape of L. setigerum
Luciosoma bleekeri Steindachner 1878 in honor of Dutch army surgeon and ichthyologist Pieter Bleeker (1819–1878), who proposed this genus in 1855
Luciosoma pellegrinii Popta 1905 patronym not identified but clearly in honor of French zoologist Jacques Pellegrin (1873–1944), who described many Southeast Asian freshwater fishes
Luciosoma setigerum (Valenciennes 1842) seta or saeta (L.), hair or bristle; -igerum (L.), to have or bear, probably referring to long, filamentous (i.e., hair-like) outer ray of ventral fins
Luciosoma spilopleura Bleeker 1855 spílos (Gr. σπίλος), mark or spot; pleurá (Gr. πλευρά), side, referring to row of rounded dark spots along side of body
Luciosoma trinema (Bleeker 1852) tri– (L.), three; nḗma (Gr. νῆμα), thread, referring to thread-like extensions on anal and pelvic fins
Malayochela Bănărescu 1968 Malayo-, Malayan, proposed as a subgenus of Chela (Danioninae), “restricted to countries inhabited by people speaking languages of the Malayan family”
Malayochela maassi (Weber & de Beaufort 1912) in honor of German anthropologist Alfred Maass (1889–1936), who led an expedition to Sumatra, during which holotype was collected
Nematabramis Boulenger 1894 nḗmatos (Gr. νήματος), threaded, referring to long maxillary barbel; abramis, probably referring to similar body shape of N. everetti to the Old World leuciscid Abramis brama
Nematabramis alestes (Seale & Bean 1907) alestḗs (Gr. ἀλεστής), miller or grinder, a curious choice since the authors describe its pharyngeal teeth as “without evident grinding surface”
Nematabramis borneensis Inger & Chin 1962 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Borneo, described as a Bornean subspecies of N. everetti
Nematabramis everetti Boulenger 1894 patronym not identified but clearly in honor of Alfred Hart Everett (1848–1898), naturalist, British civil servant and administrator in Borneo, who collected holotype
Nematabramis steindachnerii Popta 1905 patronym not identified but clearly in honor of Austrian ichthyologist Franz Steindachner (1834–1919)
Neobola Vinciguerra 1895 néos (Gr. νέος), i.e., a new genus closely allied to Bola (=Raiamas)
Neobola bottegoi Vinciguerra 1895 in honor of Italian Army officer Vittorio Bottego (1860–1897), who led expedition to Somalia (1895–1897), during which holotype was collected [Vinciguerra later wished to drop the terminal “o” in Bottego’s name to adhere to a strict interpretation of the Latin genitive, but the original spelling stands]
Neobola fluviatilis (Whitehead 1962) Latin for “of a river,” referring to occurrence over sandy beaches in Athi River, Kenya
Neobola kinondo Bart, Schmidt, Nyingi & Gathua 2019 Ameru word for silver, referring to bright silver color of sides (Ameru is a Banti ethnic group from Meru region of Kenya, where this species is endemic to the Tana River)
Neobola moeruensis (Boulenger 1915) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Lake Moero (or Mweru), Democratic Republic of the Congo, type locality
Neobola stellae (Worthington 1932) in honor of Worthington’s wife Stella (1905–1978), a member of the expedition during which holotype was collected, for “greatly” assisting with her husband’s fish research
Opsaridium Peters 1854 –idium, Latin diminutive connoting resemblance: Opsarius, which O. zambezense resembles
Opsaridium boweni (Fowler 1930) in honor of ornithologist Wilfrid Wedgwood Bowen (1899–1987), who collected holotype and several others obtained by the Gray African Expedition
Opsaridium engrauloides (Nichols 1923) –oides, Neo-Latin from eī́dos (Gr. εἶδος), form or shape: engraulís, ancient Greek name (ἐγγραυλίς) of the European Anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus, often used a standard suffix for anchovies, but in this case probably referring to Engraulicypris,described as “more or less intermediate” between that genus and Barilius (its original genus)
Opsaridium leleupi (Matthes 1965) in honor of entomologist Narcisse Leleup (1912–2001), Institut pour la Recherche Scientifique en Afrique Centrale, who collected holotype
Opsaridium loveridgii (Norman 1922) in honor of British herpetologist-ornithologist Arthur Loveridge (1891–1980), who presented holotype to the British Museum (Natural History)
Opsaridium maculicauda (Pellegrin 1926) macula (L.), spot; cauda (L.) tail, referring to small oval black spot at end of caudal peduncle
Opsaridium microcephalum (Günther 1864) small-headed, from mikrós (Gr. μικρός), small, and kephalḗ (Gr. κεφαλή), head, referring to small head, contained 5½ times in SL
Opsaridium microlepis (Günther 1864) micro-, from mikrós (Gr. μικρός), small; lepίs (Gr. λεπίς), scale, referring to its smaller (and more numerous) scales compared with O. microcephalum
Opsaridium peringueyi (Gilchrist & Thompson 1913) patronym not identified but clearly in honor of French entomologist Louis Peringuey (1855–1924), director of the South African Museum, in whose publication this species was described
Opsaridium splendens Taverne & De Vos 1997 Latin for splendid, presumably referring to its coloration: 10–13 dark transverse bars on a silvery body
Opsaridium tweddleorum Skelton 1996 –orum, commemorative suffix (L.), plural: in honor of Denis (b. 1949) and Sharon Tweddle, husband and wife, for their contributions (e.g., study specimens, color slides) to the study of Malawi fishes
Opsaridium ubangiense (Pellegrin 1901) –ense, Latin suffix denoting place: Ubangi River, Central African Republic, type locality
Opsaridium zambezense (Peters 1852) –ense, Latin suffix denoting place: lower Zambezi River system, Mozambique, type locality
Opsarius McClelland 1838 according to McClelland, derived from a Greek word meaning “small fish” (allusion not explained), probably opsárion (Gr. ὀψάριον), a little fish used as a relish that complements the staple part of a meal
Opsarius ardens (Knight, Rai, D’Souza & Vijaykrishnan 2015) Latin for glowing or burning, referring to flame-like colors of mature males
Opsarius arunachalensis (Nath, Dam & Kumar 2010) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Arunachal Pradesh, India, where type locality (Agari River mouth, D’Ering Memorial Wildlife Sanctuary) is situated
Opsarius bakeri (Day 1865) in honor of British missionary Henry Baker, Jr. (1819–1878), who “obtained several specimens” from Mundikyum, Cochin, India
Opsarius barna (Hamilton 1822) local Bengali name for this species
Opsarius barnoides (Vinciguerra 1890) –oides, Neo-Latin from eī́dos (Gr. εἶδος), form or shape: O. barna, which Vinciguerra had initially confused with this species
Opsarius bernatziki (Koumans 1937) in honor of Austrian anthropologist, photographer and travel writer Hugo Bernatzik (1897–1953), who collected holotype
Opsarius bendelisis (Hamilton 1807) Latinization of Bendelisi, Telugu (official language of Andhra Pradesh, India) name for this fish
Opsarius canarensis Jerdon 1849 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Canara, southern India, type locality
Opsarius caudiocellatus (Chu 1984) cauda (L.), tail; ocellatus (L.), having little eyes, referring to black, round spot at caudal-fin base
Opsarius chatricensis (Selim & Vishwanath 2002) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Chatrickong River, Ukhrul District, Manipur, India, type locality
Opsarius cocsa (Hamilton 1822) Latinization of Khoksa, local Bengali name for this species
Opsarius cyanochlorus (Plamoottil & Vineeth 2020) cyano-, from kýanos (Gr. κύανος), dark blue; chlōrós (Gr. χλωρός), green, referring to its blue-green mid-lateral bands
Opsarius dimorphicus (Tilak & Husain 1990) di-, from dýo (Gr. δύο), two; morphicus, scientific Neo-Latin adjective derived from morphḗ (Gr. μορφή), shape or form, referring to its sexually dimorphic scales (mature males possess anterior scales studded with fine tubercles)
Opsarius dogarsinghi (Hora 1921) in honor of Sardar Dogar Singh, State Overseer, Manipur, India, who gave Hora “material assistance” in the collection of specimens (including holotype of this one), and helped arrange survey tours
Opsarius gatensis (Valenciennes 1844) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Mountains of Gates, India, type locality
Opsarius howesi (Barman 1986) in honor of Gordon J. Howes (1938–2013), Natural History Museum (London), for his contributions to the systematics of bariline fishes
Opsarius infrafasciatus (Fowler 1934) infra (L.), underneath or below; fasciatus (L.), banded, referring to dark transverse bars that extend below lateral line
Opsarius kamjongensis (Arunkumar, Thoibi & Jajo 2023) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Kamjong District, Manipur, India, where type locality (Taret-lok River at Lunbung) is situated
Opsarius kanaensis Arunkumar & Moyon 2017 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Kana River, Sajik-Tampak, Chakpikarong, Chandel District, Manipur, India, type locality
Opsarius koratensis (Smith 1931) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Korat District, eastern Thailand, type locality
Opsarius lairokensis (Arunkumar & Tombi Singh 2000) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Lairok Maru, Moreh, Chandel district, Manipur, India, type locality
Opsarius maculatus McClelland 1839 Latin for spotted, referring to “sides marked with several rows of green spots”
Opsarius malabaricus Jerdon 1849 –icus (L.), belonging to: Malabar (i.e., southern India), type locality
Opsarius ngawa (Vishwanath & Manojkumar 2002) Nga-wa, its local name in Manipur, India (Nga = fish; wa = swift movement of shoal)
Opsarius ornatus (Sauvage 1883) Latin for adorned or decorated, presumably referring to 12 steel-blue transverse bands across silvery body
Opsarius profundus (Dishma & Vishwanath 2012) Latin for deep, referring to its great body depth at dorsal-fin origin
Opsarius putaoensis Qin, Maung & Chen 2019 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Putao plain, Kachin State, northern Myanmar, type locality
Opsarius radiolatus (Günther 1868) Latin for radiated, referring to its scales with numerous distinct radiating striae
Opsarius pulchellus (Smith 1931) diminutive of pulcher (L.), beautiful, referring to its vivid coloration (e.g., red-edged dorsal fin, orange belly, 10 blackish vertically elongate spots, and orange anal, ventral and pectoral fins)
Opsarius sajikensis Moyon & Arunumar 2019 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Sajik-Tampak, Yu River basin, Manipur, India, type locality, an “important” border area of Manipur and Myanmar [misspelled as “sakaiensis” in the publication’s title]
Opsarius shacra (Hamilton 1822) presumably a local Bengali name, as it was Hamilton’s practice to derive trivial names “from some of those used by the natives of India”
Opsarius siangi Kumari, Borah, Nair & Suresh 2024 of the Siang River, Arunachal Pradesh, India, type locality
Opsarius signicaudus (Tejavej 2012) signum (L.), flag or sign; caudus, unnecessarily masculinized spelling of cauda (L.), tail, referring to large, elongated blotch at caudal-fin base
Opsarius tileo (Hamilton 1822) local Bengali name (also spelled tilei) for this species
Raiamas Jordan 1919 Latinization of Rajah mas, local name for R. bola among anglers of India
Raiamas ansorgii (Boulenger 1910) in honor of English explorer and collector William John Ansorge (1850–1913), who collected holotype
Raiamas batesii (Boulenger 1914) in honor of American farmer and amateur ornithologist George Latimer Bates (1863–1940), who collected specimens for the Natural History Museum (London) in Cameroon, including holotype of this species
Raiamas bola (Hamilton 1822) variant of Bhola, local Bengali vernacular for this species
Raiamas brachyrhabdotos Manda, Snoeks, Manda & Vreven 2018 brachýs (Gr. βραχύς), short; rhabdōtós (Gr. ῥαβδωτός), striped, referring to short predorsal bars on flanks, which are thin, covering between 1–2 scales, located above lateral line
Raiamas buchholzi (Peters 1876) in honor of German physician, zoologist and explorer Reinhold Buchholz (1837–1876), who discovered this species
Raiamas christyi (Boulenger 1920) in honor of Cuthbert Christy (1863– 1932), English physician (specializing in sleeping sickness), zoologist, explorer, and Director of the Congo Museum (Tervuren, Belgium), who collected holotype
Raiamas guttatus (Day 1870) Latin for spotted or speckled, referring to two rows of blue spots along sides
Raiamas intermedius (Boulenger 1915) Latin for intermediate, described as intermediate between R. longirostris and Leptocypris weeksii
Raiamas kheeli Stiassny, Schelly & Schliewen 2006 in honor of American attorney and labor mediator Theodore W. Kheel (1914–2010), for his “enduring support for nature conservation and sustainable development around the globe” (in 1991, Kheel founded the Nurture Nature Foundation to help resolve the conflict between environmental protection and economic development)
Raiamas levequei Howes & Teugels 1989 in honor of French ichthyologist-hydrobiologist Christian Lévêque, ORSTOM (Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique d’Outre-Mer), who collected holotype
Raiamas longirostris (Boulenger 1902) longus (L.), long; rostris, Neo-Latin scientific adjective of rostrum (L.), snout, referring to its acutely pointed snout, projecting slightly beyond lower jaw, more than ⅓ length of head
Raiamas marqueti Manda, Snoeks, Manda & Vreven 2018 in honor of Jean-Pierre Marquet, former technical assistant of the BTC (Belgian Technical Cooperation) project PRODEPAAK (Projet de Développement de la Pêche Artisanale et de l’Aquaculture au Katanga, 2008–2013), for his “remarkable” efforts in fish collecting, and who provided logistical support for the Katanga Expedition 2012, during which holotype was collected
Raiamas moorii (Boulenger 1900) in honor of John Edmund Sharrock Moore (1870–1947), British biologist and Tanganyika expedition leader, who discovered this species
Raiamas nigeriensis (Daget 1959) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Upper Niger River near Bamako, Mail, type locality
Raiamas salmolucius (Nichols & Griscom 1917) salmo (L.), trout, allusion not explained, possibly referring to the parr-like markings on its sides; lucius (L.), pike (Esocidae), allusion not explained, possibly referring to the pike-like length of its head
Raiamas scarciensis Howes & Teugels 1989 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Little Scarcies River, Sierra Leone, type locality
Raiamas senegalensis (Steindachner 1870) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Dagana, Senegal, type locality
Raiamas steindachneri (Pellegrin 1908) in honor of Austrian ichthyologist-herpetologist Franz Steindachner (1834–1919), director of the Imperial Natural History Museum of Vienna (now Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, where Pellegrin spent a “charming” holiday), for whom “science is indebted for the knowledge of so many interesting kinds of fishes, particularly from Senegal” (translation)
Rastrineobola Fowler 1936 rastrum (L.), rake, referring to its long, lanceolate gill rakers; Neobola, a related genus
Rastrineobola argentea (Pellegrin 1904) Latin for silvery, referring to silvery coloration on flanks and sides of head
Salmostoma Swainson 1839 salmo (L.), trout, allusion not explained, perhaps alluding to Swainson’s treatment of cyprinoid fishes as a subfamily of Salmonidae; stóma (Gr. στόμα), mouth, perhaps referring to “large” and “wide” mouth of Cyprinus (Salmotoma) oblongus (=S. bacaila)
Salmostoma acinaces (Valenciennes 1844) Latin for scimitar or a short, straight sword, presumably referring to the sabre-like shape of its body
Salmostoma bacaila (Hamilton 1822) local name for this species in India, perhaps derived from the Marathi bacāḷī, the lower chap or jaw (of beasts), referring to its trout-like mouth and lower jaw
Salmostoma balookee (Sykes 1839) Marathi vernacular for this species in India, which, as Sykes explained in 1841, he adopted “so that naturalists who travel the country can always obtain” the species
Salmostoma belachi Jayaraj, Krishna Rao, Ravichandra Reddy, Shakuntala & Devaraj 1999 vernacular name for this species in India, from Kannada word for blanched, referring to its coloration (bright silver over dorsal profile, white below lateral line)
Salmostoma boopis (Day 1874) bo-, from boū́s (βοῦς), bull (metaphorically used to mean big); opis, from ṓps (Gr. ὦψ), eye, probably referring to its large eyes, which are ½ length of head
Salmostoma horai (Silas 1951) in honor of Indian ichthyologist Sunder Lal Hora (1896–1955), Director, Zoological Survey of India
Salmostoma novacula (Valenciennes 1840) Latin for sharp knife or razor, referring to its knife-like shape
Salmostoma orissaense Bănărescu 1968 –ense, Latin suffix denoting place: Orissa Province, India, type locality
Salmostoma punjabense (Day 1872) –ense, Latin suffix denoting place: Punjab, Pakistan, type locality, and/or to Punjab region of India and Pakistan, where it is endemic [Day misspelled the name as panjabensis; corrected spelling is in prevailing usage]
Salmostoma phulo (Hamilton 1822) derived from Phul chela, local Bengali name for this species
Salmostoma sardinella (Valenciennes 1844) diminutive of Sardina, a sardine, which it resembles
Salmostoma sladoni (Day 1870) patronym not identified, probably in honor of Maj. Edward Sladen (1827–1890, note apparent misspelling); Day named a clupeiform (Pellona sladeni = Ilisha novacula) after Sladen that same year, describing him as “Political Resident at the court of the King of Burma, who greatly assisted me in collecting specimens, as well as in acquiring information on the fishes of that mismanaged but magnificent country”
Salmostoma untrahi (Day 1869) local Oriya (also spelled Ooriah) name for this species in Orissa, India
Securicula Günther 1868 diminutive of securus (L.), ax or hatchet with a broad edge, referring to knife- or blade-like shape of body
Securicula gora (Hamilton 1822) Latinization of Ghora, from Ghora Chela, local Bengali name for this species
Thryssocypris Roberts & Kottelat 1984 thrysso, from thríssa (Gr. θρίσσα), a kind of anchovy, often used as a standard suffix for clupeids, referring to anchovy-like appearance; cypris, a common suffix for small cyprinoid genera, derived from Cyprinus (Common Carp)
Thryssocypris ornithostoma Kottelat 1991 órnith- (Gr. ὄρνιθ-), stem of órnis (Gr. ὄρνις), bird; stóma (Gr. στόμα), mouth, referring to its beak-like snout
Thryssocypris smaragdinus Roberts & Kottelat 1984 smarágdinos (Gr. σμαράγδινος), emerald green, referring to color of upper half of head and body in life
Thryssocypris tonlesapensis Roberts & Kottelat 1984 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Tonle Sap, a large permanent backwater of the lower Mekong, into which the two known localities (Prek Tamen in Cambodia, and Prek Tasom in Vietnam) flow
Thryssocypris wongrati Grudpan & Grudpan 2012 in honor of Prachit Wongrat, Kasetsart University (Bangkok, Thailand), the authors’ first teacher in ichthyology
Rasborines
Subfamily RASBORINAE Günther 1868
Amblypharyngodon Bleeker 1860 amblýs (Gr. ἀμβλύς), blunt; phárynx (Gr. φάρυγξ), throat; odon, Latinized and grammatically adjusted from the Greek nominative ὀδούς (odoús), tooth, referring to molar-like pharyngeal teeth of A. mola, with flat or concave crowns
Amblypharyngodon atkinsonii (Blyth 1860) patronym not identified but probably in honor of Irish entomologist Edwin Thomas Atkinson (1840–1890), who joined the Indian Civil Service in 1862 and made many natural history collections in India and Southeast Asia
Amblypharyngodon chulabhornae Vidthayanon & Kottelat 1990 in honor of Princess Chulabhorn Mahidol (b. 1957) of Thailand, for her “interest and patronage of research and development in science and technology, including biology and fisheries”
Amblypharyngodon grandisquamis Jordan & Starks 1917 grandis (L.), large; squamis, Neo-Latin scientific adjective of squama (L.), scale, referring to its “much larger” scales compared with A. melettinus
Amblypharyngodon melettinus (Valenciennes 1844) –inus (L.) adjectival suffix: resembling mélettine, name for a fish, presumably Argentina sphyraena (Argentinidae), a herring smelt from the French coasts of Saintonge and Brittany
Amblypharyngodon microlepis (Bleeker 1853) micro-, from mikrós (Gr. μικρός), small; lepís (Gr. λεπίς), scale, presumably referring to smaller number of longitudinal and transverse scales compared with A. mola
Amblypharyngodon mola (Hamilton 1822) presumably a local Bengali name, as it was Hamilton’s practice to derive trivial names “from some of those used by the natives of India”
Boraras Kottelat & Vidthayanon 1993 anagram of Rasbora, referring to their reversed ratio of abdominal and caudal vertebrae
Boraras brigittae (Vogt 1978) in honor of Vogt’s wife, Brigitte
Boraras maculatus (Duncker 1904) Latin for spotted, referring to large black spot on side between thorax and dorsal fin, and small black spots near caudal and anal fins
Boraras merah (Kottelat 1991) Indonesian word for red, referring to its reddish-brown ground coloration
Boraras micros Kottelat & Vidthayanon 1993 from mikrós (Gr. μικρός), small, reaching just 13.3 mm SL
Boraras naevus Conway & Kottelat 2011 Latin for spot or blemish, referring to blotch on side of body, much larger on males
Boraras urophthalmoides (Kottelat 1991) –oides, Latinized suffix adopted from eī́dos (Gr. εἶδος), form or shape: referring to its misidentification as Rasbora urophthalma (a species inquirenda, not a Rasbora, tentatively a Puntius-like cyprinid) in Brittan’s 1954 revision of Rasbora and subsequent aquarium literature
Brevibora Liao, Kullander & Fang 2010 brevis (L.), short; bora, short for Rasbora, from which Brevibora is split, referring fewer predorsal vertebrae compared with other rasborines
Brevibora cheeya Liao & Tan 2011 named for Cheeya (chee, short; ya, honorable title for respected person), taller of two Chinese deities who hunt ghosts for Yama, referring to its relatively larger size compared with B. dorsiocellata
Brevibora dorsiocellata (Duncker 1904) dorsi-, from dorsalis (Neo-Latin), dorsal; ocellata (L.), having little eyes, i.e., eyespots, referring to large black spot on dorsal fin
Brevibora exilis Liao & Tan 2014 Latin for thin or meager, referring to its slenderer body compared with congeners
Horadandia Deraniyagala 1943 hora dandia, Sinhalese for “false Rasbora,” referring to its “kinship” with rasborines (based on mouth shape and absence of lateral line)
Horadandia atukorali Deraniyagala 1943 in honor of Vicky “‘Athu” Atukorale (a male), Sri Lankan naturalist who first drew Deraniyagala’s attention to this fish
Horadandia brittani Remi Devi & Menon 1992 in honor of American ichthyologist Martin R. Brittan (1922–2008), who provided specimens, biometric data and literature, and for critically reviewing the authors’ manuscript
Kottelatia Liao, Kullander & Fang 2010 –ia (L. suffix), belonging to: Swiss ichthyologist Maurice Kottelat (b. 1957), author of numerous rasborine taxa
Kottelatia brittani (Axelrod 1976) in honor of American ichthyologist Martin R. Brittan (1922–2008), monographer, reviser of Rasbora (original genus) and “close personal friend”
Pectenocypris Kottelat 1982 pecten (L.) comb, referring to numerous gill rakers of P. korthausae; cypris, a common suffix for small cyprinoid genera, derived from Cyprinus (Common Carp)
Pectenocypris balaena Roberts 1989 Latin for whale, referring to its numerous baleen whale-like gill rakers
Pectenocypris korthausae Kottelat 1982 in honor of German aquarist Edith Korthaus (1923–1987), editor of Das Aquarium, who helped collect holotype
Pectenocypris micromysticetus Tan & Kottelat 2009 micro-, from mikrós (Gr. μικρός), small; mystus, from mýstax (Gr. μύσταξ), moustache; cetus (L.), from kḗtos (Gr. κῆτος), whale, referring to its numerous gill rakers, which resemble the baleen plates of mysticete whales
Pectenocypris nigra Wibowo, Ahnelt & Kertamihardja 2016 Latin for black, referring to its blackish coloration in life
Pectenocypris rubra Ahnelt, Wibowo & Prianto 2019 Latin for red, referring to its coloration in life
Rasbora Bleeker 1859 presumably tautonymous with Cyprinus rasbora Hamilton 1822, its local Bengali name (although Bleeker designated R. cephalotaenia as the type of the genus)
Rasbora adisi Sudasinghe, Pethiyagoda, Hettiarachchige, Ranasinghe, Raghavan, Dahanukar & Meegaskumbura 2020 mysterious or enigmatic in Sinhala, referring to its cryptic nature (i.e., discovered via molecular analysis)
Rasbora amplistriga Kottelat 2000 amplus (L.), large; striga (L.), furrow or groove (i.e., stripe), referring to dark lateral stripe from upper extremity of gill opening to caudal-fin base
Rasbora api Lumbantobing 2010 word for fire in Bahasa, Indonesia, referring to vermilion coloration of dorsal and caudal fins and orange-yellowish markings on living specimens, “a pigmentation pattern appearing like fire”
Rasbora aprotaenia Hubbs & Brittan 1954 etymology not explained, presumably a– (Gr. ἀ), negative prefix, e.g., without; pro– (L.), forward or in front of; taenia, from tainía (Gr. ταινία), band or ribbon, referring to absence of lateral band in front of dorsal fin origin
Rasbora argyrotaenia (Bleeker 1849) argýreios (Gr. ἀργύρειος), silver; taenia, from tainía (Gr. ταινία), band or ribbon, referring to silvery streak or band along sides, more distinct in young specimens than in old ones
Rasbora armitagei Silva, Maduwage & Pethiyagoda 2010 in honor of David Armitage, retired British civil servant and aquarist (specializing in anabantoid fishes), for his efforts to “explore, conserve, breed and build awareness” of tropical freshwater fishes, including those of Sri Lanka, where this one occurs
Rasbora arundinata Lumbantobing 2014 Latin for reed-like, referring to its black midlateral stripe, which resembles the leaf of a reed
Rasbora ataenia Plamoottil 2016 a– (Gr. ἀ), negative prefix, e.g., without; taenia, from tainía (Gr. ταινία), band or ribbon, referring to the absence of a lateral color stripe, unlike the related R. dandia
Rasbora atranus Kottelat & Tan 2011 ater (L.), black, anus (L.), anal, referring to black mark along anterior part of anal-fin base
Rasbora atridorsalis Kottelat & Chu 1988 ater (L.), black; dorsalis (Neo-Latin), dorsal, referring to black spot at tip of dorsal fin
Rasbora aurotaenia Tirant 1885 aurum (L.), gold; taenia, from tainía (Gr. ταινία), band or ribbon, referring to golden-yellow line or stripe across upper half of body
Rasbora baliensis Hubbs & Brittan 1954 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Bali, Indonesia, where type locality (Lake Bratan, also known as Benau Beratan) is situated
Rasbora bankanensis (Bleeker 1853) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Bangka (or Banka), Indonesia, type locality
Rasbora bindumatoga Lumbantobing 2014 derived from Bindu Matoga in the two native languages of northern Sumatra, Mandailing and Toba, where this species occurs; the term is commonly used as the name of a traditional ornament with a rectangle outline, here referring to rectangular shape of black subdorsal blotch
Rasbora borapetensis Smith 1934 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Bung Borapet, Nakorn-Sawan, central Thailand, type locality
Rasbora borneensis Bleeker 1860 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Borneo, where it is endemic
Rasbora bunguranensis Brittan 1951 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Bunguran Island, between Borneo and Malaya, where it is endemic
Rasbora calliura Boulenger 1894 pretty-tailed, from kállos (Gr. κάλλος), beauty, and ourá (Gr. οὐρά), tail, probably referring to its “much elongate” caudal lobes, edged in black
Rasbora caudimaculata Volz 1903 cauda (L.), tail; maculata (L.), spotted, referring to black tips of caudal-fin lobes
Rasbora caverii (Jerdon 1849) of the Kaveri (also spelled Cavery) River, India, type locality
Rasbora cephalotaenia (Bleeker 1852) cephalo-, from kephalḗ (Gr. κεφαλή), head; taenia, from tainía (Gr. ταινία), band or ribbon, referring to black lateral band that begins at point of snout (and continues to end of caudal fin)
Rasbora chrysotaenia Arnold 1936 chrysós (Gr. χρυσός), gold; taenia, from tainía (Gr. ταινία), band or ribbon, referring to metallic green-gold to red-gold stripe from upper lip, through eye, over opercle, down side to caudal fin base [name often credited to Ahl 1937, but Arnold made the name available in an aquarium publication before Ahl’s description was published]
Rasbora cryptica Kottelat & Tan 2012 Latinized from kryptós (Gr. κρυπτός), secret or hidden, from referring to its having been mistaken for R. volzii
Rasbora dandia (Valenciennes 1844) etymology not explained, presumably a Latinization of dandiya, Sri Lankan name for members of the genus Rasbora
Rasbora daniconius (Hamilton 1822) Latinization of Danikoni, local Bengali vernacular for this species
Rasbora dies Kottelat 2008 Latin for a day, allusion not explained nor evident (multiple requests to Kottelat explain the name have not been answered)
Rasbora dorsinotata Kottelat 1988 dorsalis (Neo-Latin), dorsal; notatus (L.), marked or stained, referring to black blotch at tip of dorsal fin
Rasbora dusonensis (Bleeker 1850) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Duson (or Banjer River), Borneo, type locality
Rasbora einthovenii (Bleeker 1851) in honor of Jacob Einthoven (1825–1866), Dutch East Indian Army surgeon and public health civil servant, who collected or provided holotype
Rasbora elegans Volz 1903 Latin for fine, select, or elegant, allusion not explained, possibly referring to its elegant coloration, particularly the two dark patches on its sides
Rasbora ennealepis Roberts 1989 ennéa (Gr. ἐννέα), nine; lepίs (Gr. λεπίς), scale, referring to characteristic number of predorsal scales
Rasbora everetti Boulenger 1895 in honor of Alfred Hart Everett (1848–1898), British civil servant and administrator, naturalist and zoological collector, who collected holotype
Rasbora gerlachi Ahl 1928 in honor of German aquarist Fritz Gerlach, who apparently received live specimens from a collector in Africa and then provided one or more of them (or captive-bred specimens) to Ahl
Rasbora haru Lumbantobing 2014 derived from the name of an old kingdom in the area currently known as Deli (Sumatra), where this species occurs
Rasbora hobelmani Kottelat 1984 in honor of Paul Hobelman, teacher of English, for his “hospitality, friendship, help and enduring [Kottelat] for several weeks of fieldwork” in Thailand
Rasbora hosii Boulenger 1895 in honor of Charles Hose (1863-1929), British colonial administrator, zoologist and ethnologist, who collected holotype
Rasbora hubbsi Brittan 1954 in honor of American ichthyologist Carl L. Hubbs (1894–1979), Scripps Institution of Oceanography, “for making available his fine library and for sharing his unequaled knowledge of cyprinid fishes”
Rasbora jacobsoni Weber & de Beaufort 1916 in honor of Dutch businessman and amateur entomologist Edward Jacobson (1870–1944), who collected holotype
Rasbora johannae Siebert & Guiry 1996 in memory of British politician Joan Helen Vickers (1907–1994), British Conservative London Councillor and MP and later chairman of the Anglo-Indonesian Society, “a long-time advocate of Indonesian culture”
Rasbora kalbarensis Kottelat 1991 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Kal. Bar., abbreviation for Kalimantan Barat, Borneo, type locality
Rasbora kalochroma (Bleeker 1851) kállos (Gr. κάλλος), beauty; chrṓma (Gr. χρῶμα), skin or color, referring to rosy-red coloration on upper half of body and deep-red fins
Rasbora kluetensis Lumbantobing 2010 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Kluet River basin, Sumatra, Indonesia, where it is endemic
Rasbora kobonensis Chaudhuri 1913 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Kobo, Abor Hills, Assam, India, type locality
Rasbora kottelati Lim 1995 in honor of Swiss ichthyologist Maurice Kottelat (b. 1957), for “his help and outstanding contributions to Southeast Asian ichthyology”
Rasbora labiosa Mukerji 1935 Latin for large-lipped, referring to its “peculiar” lower lip, “more fleshy and flabby” than upper lip, projecting beyond lower jaw and “partly deflected upwards over the upper lip”
Rasbora lacrimula Hadiaty & Kottelat 2009 diminutive of lacrima (L.), a tear, referring to teardrop shape of blotch on caudal peduncle
Rasbora lateristriata (Bleeker 1854) lateralis (L.), of the side; striatus (L.), furrowed or grooved (i.e., striped), referring to dark lateral stripe extending from opercle to caudal base
Rasbora laticlavia Siebert & Richardson 1997 Latin for having a broad purple stripe, a “liberal allusion” to a very broad, diffuse swath of melanophores that contribute to the anterior part of its lateral stripe
Rasbora leptosoma (Bleeker 1855) leptós (Gr. λεπτός), thin; sṓma (Gr. σῶμα), body, referring to its thin, elongate body shape
Rasbora maninjau Lumbantobing 2014 named for Lake Maninjau, a crater lake in central western Sumatra, type locality
Rasbora marinae Tan & Kottelat 2020 in honor of Marina Wong, Curator of Natural History (retired), Brunei National Museum, for her contributions to the knowledge of the natural history of Southeast Asia and her generous help in organizing fieldwork in Brunei for the senior author and team
Rasbora meinkeni de Beaufort 1931 in honor of German aquarist and amateur ichthyologist Herrmann Meinken (1896–1976), who gave de Beaufort a breeding pair of this species on which description is based
Rasbora microcephala (Jerdon 1849) small-headed, from mikrós (Gr. μικρός), small, and kephalḗ (Gr. κεφαλή), head, referring to small head, 1/5 SL [often spellled microcephalus]
Rasbora myersi Brittan 1954 in honor of Stanford University ichthyologist George S. Myers (1905–1985), Brittan’s former major professor, for “valuable” assistance and for making available the extensive collections of ichthyologist-lichenologist Albert W. Herre (1868-1962) and many bibliographic materials, “many of them extremely rare”
Rasbora naggsi Silva, Maduwage & Pethiyagoda 2010 in honor of malacologist Fred Naggs (Natural History Museum, London), for his support of biodiversity exploration and research in Sri Lanka
Rasbora neilgherriensis Day 1867 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Neilgherry (locally spelled Nilgiri) Hills, Western Ghats, India, where it is endemic
Rasbora nematotaenia Hubbs & Brittan 1954 nḗmatos (Gr. νήματος), threaded; taenia, from tainía (Gr. ταινία), band or ribbon, allusion not explained, possibly referring to its thin, pale or weakly developed lateral band
Rasbora nodulosa Lumbantobing 2010 Latin for having small nodes or knots, referring to the nodule-like shape of cephalic tubercles on males
Rasbora notura Kottelat 2005 blotch-tailed, from nota (L.), mark or blotch, and ourá (Gr. οὐρά), tail, referring to large diamond-shaped blotch at end of caudal peduncle and base of caudal fin
Rasbora ornata Vishwanath & Laisram 2005 Latin for adorned or decorated, referring to its “beautiful” coloration (dusky fins, creamish body with dark blue longitudinal stripe extending from snout to end of median caudal rays, lateral and dorsal scales edged by a row of spots on each scale)
Rasbora patrickyapi Tan 2009 in honor of Patrick Yap Boon Hiang, Aquaculture Technologies of Singapore, freshwater fish enthusiast and exporter and long-time supporter of the Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, who generously donated much fish material to Tan’s research
Rasbora paucisqualis Ahl 1935 paucus (L.), few or scanty; squalis, presumably a misprint for squamis, Neo-Latin scientific adjective of squama (L.), scale, referring to large and, hence, fewer, scales compared with most other rasboras
Rasbora paviana Tirant 1885 –ana (L.), belonging to: Auguste Jean-Marie Pavie (1847–1925), French colonial civil servant and diplomat, Tirant’s friend and “tireless explorer of the southern and western provinces of Cambodia” (translation)
Rasbora philippina Günther 1880 –ina (L.), belonging to: Philippines, where it is endemic to Mindanao Island
Rasbora pycnopeza Wilkinson & Tan 2018 pyknós (Gr. πυκνός), thick or dense; péza (Gr. πέζα), border or edge, referring to thick distal black margin of dorsal fin
Rasbora rasbora (Hamilton 1822) local Bengali vernacular for this species
Rasbora reticulata Weber & de Beaufort 1915 Latin for net-like or netted, referring to how three longitudinal series of lateral scales, with corresponding blackish patches, connect to form a reticulate pattern
Rasbora rheophila Kottelat 2012 rhéos (Gr. ῥέος), stream; phila, from phílos (Gr. φίλος), fond of, referring to its fast-flowing, hillstream habitat
Rasbora rubrodorsalis Donoso-Büchner & Schmidt 1997 rubro-, from ruber (L.), red; dorsalis (Neo-Latin), dorsal, referring to bright-red blotch on dorsal fin
Rasbora rutteni Weber & de Beaufort 1916 in honor of Dutch geologist Louis Martin Robert Rutten (1884–1946), who collected holotype
Rasbora sarawakensis Brittan 1951 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Sarawak state, Borneo, East Malaysia, type locality
Rasbora semilineata Weber & de Beaufort 191 6semi-, from semis (L.), half; lineata (L.), lined, presumably referring to black line on posterior half of body
Rasbora septentrionalis Kottelat 2000 Latin for northern, being one of the most northern-ranging species of Rasbora
Rasbora simonbirchi Britz & Tan 2018 in honor of the late Simon Birch (1921–1995), Prime Warden of the Fishmongers’ Company (London, 1970–1971), an “enthusiastic supporter of ichthyological explorations and taxonomic research, who was instrumental in securing funding for the collecting trip during which this species was discovered”
Rasbora spilotaenia Hubbs & Brittan 1954 spílos (Gr. σπίλος), mark or spot; taenia, from tainía (Gr. ταινία), band or ribbon, referring to lateral stripe connected by mid-lateral and peduncular blotches
Rasbora steineri Nichols & Pope 1927 in honor of Rev. John Franklin Steiner (1884–1957), American Presbyterian Mission in Hainan, China, for his interest in the authors’ work
Rasbora subtilis Roberts 1989 Latin for fine or delicate, referring to its slender form and delicate coloration
Rasbora sumatrana (Bleeker 1852) –ana (L.), belonging to: Sumatra, where it is endemic
Rasbora tawarensis Weber & de Beaufort 1916 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Lake Tawar, Sumatra, Indonesia, type locality
Rasbora taytayensis Herre 1924 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Taytay, Palawan, Philippines, near type locality
Rasbora tobana Ahl 1934 –ana (L.), belonging to: Toba Lake, Sumatra, Indonesia, type locality
Rasbora tornieri Ahl 1922 patronym not identified but probably in honor of Ahl’s colleague, German herpetologist and paleontologist Gustav Tornier (1858–1938)
Rasbora trifasciata Popta 1905 tri– (L.), three; fasciata (L.), banded, allusion uncertain, possibly referring to combination of two brown longitudinal bands on sides and one longitudinal line (the axial streak)
Rasbora trilineata Steindachner 1870 tri– (L.), three; lineata (L.), lined, referring to three lines or stripes: (1) a short, blackish line on sides along base of anal fin; (2) narrow, dark, mid-lateral stripe on sides; (3) black stripe along middle of back
Rasbora truncata Lumbantobing 2010 Latin for truncate, referring to truncated lateral line system, i.e., an incomplete lateral line and a truncated cephalic line
Rasbora tubbi Brittan 1954 in honor of John Allan Tubb (1913-1985), Director of Fisheries, Crown Colony of North Borneo, who collected holotype
Rasbora tuberculata Kottelat 1995 Latin for tuberculate, being the only known species of Rasbora with well-developed tubercles (on back in front of dorsal fin, caudal peduncle, dorsal fin, and upper lobe of caudal fin)
Rasbora vaillantii Popta 1905 patronym not identified but almost certainly in honor of French zoologist Léon Vaillant (1834–1914), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle (Paris)
Rasbora volzii Popta 1905 patronym not identified but clearly in honor of Swiss zoologist Walter Volz (1875–1907), Natural History Museum of Bern, who had published three papers on Sumatran fishes in 1903 and 1904
Rasbora vulcanus Tan 1999 named for Vulcanus, God of fire, referring to its fiery red color and the volcanic geographic nature of Painan, West Sumatra, where it occurs
Rasbora vulgaris Duncker 1904 Latin for common or ordinary, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to its similarity to R. elegans and R. buchanani (=rasbora), and/or to its ordinary (i.e., unspectacular) coloration
Rasbora wilpita Kottelat & Pethiyagoda 1991 named for the Wilpita estate, which borders Welihena Forest Preserve, Parusella, Sri Lanka, type locality
Rasboroides Brittan 1954 -oides, Latinized suffix adopted from eī́dos (Gr. εἶδος), form or shape: Rasbora, from which it differs in having an extra anal-fin ray
Rasboroides pallidus (Deraniyagala 1958) Latin for pale, referring to “Pale orange upper rim of orbit”
Rasboroides vaterifloris (Deraniyagala 1930) vater, from Vateria acuminata, a tree; floris, genitive of flos (L.), blossom, referring to its bright orange flower, which resembles this minnow’s orange dorsal and caudal fins [as noted in Pethiyagoda’s Freshwater Fishes of Sri Lanka (1991), the flower of V. acuminata is cream or white, never bright orange; Deraniyagala may have confused V. acuminata (locally called hal) with sal, the cannonball tree (Couroupita guianensis), which has an orange flower]
Rasbosoma Liao, Kullander & Fang 2010 Rasbo, short for Rasbora; sṓma (Gr. σῶμα), body, referring to its overall similarity to Rasbora, from which it was split
Rasbosoma spilocerca (Rainboth & Kottelat 1987) spílos (Gr. σπίλος), mark or spot; cercus, from kérkos (Gr. κέρκος), tail, referring to large spot on caudal fin
Trigonopoma Liao, Kullander & Fang 2010 trígōnos (Gr. τρίγωνος), triangular; pṓma (Gr. πῶμα), lid or cover, referring to triangular shape of opercle
Trigonopoma gracile (Kottelat 1991) Latin for thin or slender, presumably referring to its caudal peduncle, more slender than presumed congeners in Rasbora
Trigonopoma pauciperforatum (Weber & de Beaufort 1916) paucus (L.), few or scanty; perforatum (L.), pierced with holes or pores, referring to only five perforated scales on lateral line
Trigonostigma Kottelat & Witte 1999 trígōnos (Gr. τρίγωνος), triangular; stígma (Gr. στίγμα), mark or spot, referring to black triangular blotch on side
Trigonostigma espei (Meinken 1967) in honor or ornamental fish importer-exporter Heinrich Espe, who sent specimens to Meinken to investigate whether they were a distinct species or a color morph of T. heteromorpha
Trigonostigma hengeli (Meinken 1956) in honor of Dutch ornamental fish importer-exporter J. van Hengel, who sent specimens to Meinken for identification
Trigonostigma heteromorpha (Duncker 1904) héteros (Gr. ἕτερος), other (i.e., different); morpha, from morphḗ (Gr. μορφή), form or shape, presumably referring to higher and deeper shape compared with more streamlined shape of Rasbora (original genus)
Trigonostigma somphongsi (Meinken 1958) in honor of the Somphongs Aquarium Company, Bangkok, “which has supplied the German aquarium fish hobby with many beautiful fish novelties and will, it is hoped, provide even more” (translation)
Trigonostigma truncata Tan 2020 Latin for truncate or cut off, referring to caudal apex of the axine not reaching base of caudal fin
Danios
Subfamily DANIONINAE Bleeker 1863
Betadevario Pramod, Fang, Rema Devi, Liao, Indra, Jameela Beevi & Kullander 2010 bḗta (Gr. βήτα), second letter (β) of the Greek alphabet, i.e., a “second Devario” (similar to that genus); beta also refers to Indian aquarist Beta Mahatvara, “who made great efforts to make the material available for this study”
Betadevario ramachandrani Pramod, Fang, Rema Devi, Liao, Indra, Jameela Beevi & Kullander 2010 in honor of Alappat Ramachandran (b. 1957), School of Industrial Fisheries, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, India, for his contributions to fisheries and seafood production management and studies on indigenous ornamental fishes
Chela Hamilton 1822 one of two local Bengali names for C. cachius (the other is Kachhi)
Chela cachius (Hamilton 1822) Latinization of Kachhi, one of two local Bengali names for this species (the other is Chela)
Chela macrolepis Knight & Rema Devi 2014 macro-, from makrós (Gr. μaκρóς), long or large; lepίs (Gr. λεπίς), scale, referring to larger scales compared with C. atpar (=cachius)
Danio Hamilton 1822 from Dhani (dhan = paddy), local Bengali name, probably referring to the smallness of their size and/or to their being found in grassy jungles in the edges of rivers and lakes (per Talwar & Jhingran, 1991, Inland Fishes of India and Adjacent Countries)
Danio absconditus Kullander & Britz 2015 Latin for disguised, secret or hidden, referring to its color pattern, which strongly resembles that of barred species of Devario, and to its relatively late discovery and recognition as a species
Danio aesculapii Kullander & Fang 2009 of Aesculapius, ancient Greek god of medicine, who was equipped with a staff with one or two snakes wrapped around it, referring to it snakeskin pattern and “snakeskin” epithet used in the European aquarium trade
Danio albolineatus (Blyth 1860) albus (L.), white; lineatus (L.), lined, referring to light band from caudal fin base that extends forward and tapers beyond commencement of dorsal fin
Danio annulosus Kullander, Rahman, Norén & Mollah 2015 Neo-Latin for ringed, referring to color pattern on sides, which resembles a series of dark rings
Danio assamila Kullander 2015 combination of Assam, area of India where it occurs, and ending of dangila, i.e., the Danio dangila of Assam
Danio catenatus Kullander 2015 Latin for chained, referring to the chain-like color pattern on its sides
Danio choprae Hora 1928 in honor of Indian ichthyologist Bashambhar Nath Chopra (1898–1966), who collected holotype [although named after a man, “ae” is an acceptable way to form a genitive from grammatically masculine nouns that end in “a”; Hora, believing he had incorrectly formed the name, emended it to choprai in a subsequent publication but his original (and unintentionally correct) spelling stands]
Danio concatenatus Kullander 2015 con– (L. prefix), together or with; catenatus (L.), chained, i.e., linked together, referring to chain-like color pattern on sides
Danio dangila (Hamilton 1822) local Bengali name for this species
Danio dichromatus Britz & Kullander 2024 di- (Gr. prefix), from dýo (δύο), two; chrṓmatos (Gr. χρῶματος), genitive of chrṓma (χρῶμα), color, i.e., of two colors, referring to the names “Blue Hikari” (adult female) and “Yellow Hikari” (adult male) used in the aquarium hobby for this species
Danio erythromicron (Annandale 1918) erythrós (Gr. ἐρυθρός), red, presumably referring to scarlet color that suffuses entire surface of living specimens; micron, presumably from mikrón (Gr. μικρόν), small, referring to its small size (up to 20 mm)
Danio feegradei Hora 1937 in honor of Lieut. Egbert Stanley Feegrade (1884–?), physician and Special Malaria Officer, Public Health Department of Burma, who collected holotype
Danio flagrans Kullander 2012 Latin for flaming, blazing, burning or glowing, referring to red-to-orange color of living specimens; name also inspired by vernacular epithet Glowlight Danio applied to both this species and D. choprae
Danio htamanthinus Kullander & Norén 2016 -inus (L.), belonging to: Htamanthi, village near type locality on the middle Chindwin River, Myanmar
Danio jaintianensis (Sen 2007) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Jaintia Hills district, Meghalaya, India, type locality
Danio kerri Smith 1931 in honor of Arthur Francis George Kerr (1877–1942), Irish physician and “botanist of the Siamese government,” who collected holotype
Danio kyathit Fang 1998 Burmese word for leopard (kyar, tiger; thit, “which can mean different”), referring to its spotted color pattern
Danio margaritatus (Roberts 2007) Latin for adorned with pearls, referring to pearl-like spots on sides
Danio meghalayensis Sen & Dey 1985 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Meghalaya, India, type locality
Danio nigrofasciatus (Day 1870) nigro-, from niger (L.), black; fasciatus (L.), banded, referring to dark band along sides and second dotted narrow band below it
Danio pulcher Smith 1931 Latin for beautiful, referring to its vivid coloration, including green, “chrome yellow,” orange, “Antwerp blue,” “sky-blue,” indigo, vermillion, and scarlet
Danio quagga Kullander, Liao & Fang 2009 from the Zebra Equus quagga, referring to 4–5 dark stripes along sides, similar to the zebra and the Zebrafish D. rerio
Danio rerio (Hamilton 1822) presumably a local Bengali name, as it was Hamilton’s practice to derive trivial names “from some of those used by the natives of India”
Danio roseus Fang & Kottelat 2000 Latin for rosy or pink, referring to color of sexually active males
Danio sysphigmatus Kullander 2015 genitive of sýphigma (Gr. σύσφιγμα), chain, referring to chain-like color pattern on sides
Danio tinwini Kullander & Fang 2009 in honor of the authors’ friend, U Tin Win (1944–2014), Managing Director at the Hein Aquarium, Myanmar, “dedicated aquarist, knowledged collector, and exporter of aquarium fish from Myanmar”
Danio tweediei Brittan 1956 in honor of naturalist-archaeologist Michael W. F. Tweedie (1907–1993), Director, Raffles Museum and Library (Singapore), who provided specimens to Brittan, for his many contributions to the natural history of Malaya
Danionella Roberts 1986 –ella (L.), a diminutive suffix, i.e., a small Danio, referring to small adult size of D. translucida (10–12 mm)
Danionella cerebrum Britz, Conway & Rüber 2021 Latin for brain, referring to the fact that it has one of the smallest adult brains among vertebrates, thereby making it a promising new model species for neurophysiological studies (since the brain is covered by skin, not a skull, it allows researchers to study neurophysiological questions by deep imaging the fish’s brain activity in vivo)
Danionella dracula Britz, Conway & Rüber 2009 referring to the long tooth-like fangs in jaws of males, inspired by Count Dracula in Bram Stoker’s 1897 novel
Danionella mirifica Britz 2003 Latin for wonderful or marvelous, alluding to the highly unusual sexual dimorphism of its Weberian apparatus
Danionella priapus Britz 2009 Priapus, Greek god of fertility, referring to conical projection of genital papilla in males, which superficially resembles the penis of mammals
Danionella translucida Roberts 1986 Latin for translucent, referring to its almost perfectly transparent coloration (except for eyes)
Devario Heckel 1843 tautonymous with Cyprinus devario Hamilton 1822 (Latinization of Debari, local Bengali name for this species)
Devario acrostomus (Fang & Kottelat 1999) sharp- or point-mouthed, from ákron (Gr. ἅκρον), summit, top or peak, and stóma (Gr. στόμα), mouth, referring to its “sharp pointed” mouth
Devario acuticephalus (Hora 1921) sharp-headed, from acutus (L.), sharp or pointed, and kephalḗ (Gr. κεφαλή), head, referring to “sharp and pointed head” [often incorrectly spelled acuticephala]
Devario aequipinnatus (McClelland 1839) aequalis (L.), equal or uniform; pinnatus (L.), finned, referring to dorsal and anal fins being of equal size
Devario affinis (Blyth 1860) Latin for related, referring to its close resemblance to Perilampus lineolatus (=Devario aequipinnatus)
Devario ahlanderi Kullander & Noren 2022 in honor of Erik Åhlander, “long time” Senior Assistant in the ichthyology and herpetology collections of the Swedish Museum of Natural History, where he has been a “key person” in the “successful development and operation of ichthyology”
Devario annandalei (Chaudhuri 1908) in honor of British zoologist-anthropologist Thomas Nelson Annandale (1876–1924), Director, Indian Museum (Calcutta), who collected holotype
Devario anomalus Conway, Mayden & Tang 2009 Latin for uneven or irregular, referring to irregular vertical bars on anterior half body
Devario apogon (Chu 1981) ἀ-, Greek privative i.e., without; pṓgōn (Gr. πώγων), beard, referring to absence of barbels
Devario apopyris (Fang & Kottelat 1999) apopyrís (Gr. ἀποπυρίς), a small fish or fry, being one of the small-barred species of Danio (original genus) species
Devario assamensis (Barman 1984) –ensis, suffix denoting place: Assam, India, type locality [treated as a junior synonym of D. aequipinnatus by some workers]
Devario browni (Regan 1907) in honor of geologist J. Coggin Brown (1884–1962), Geological Survey of India, who collected holotype
Devario chrysotaeniatus (Chu 1981) chrysós (Gr. χρυσός), gold; taeniatus (L.), banded, referring to golden stripes or streaks on sides
Devario coxi Kullander, Rahman, Norén & Mollah 2017 three etymologies: 1) of Cox’s Bazar, a town in Bangladesh, near type locality; 2) in honor of Hiram Cox (1760–1799), British diplomat for whom Cox’s Bazar was named; 3) referring to gene fragment used to identify this species, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1, often shortened to COXI
Devario deruptotalea Ramananda & Vishwanath 2014 deruptus (L.), broken; talea (L.), a slender staff, rod, stick, stake or bar, referring to broken bars of color on sides
Devario devario (Hamilton 1822) Latinization of Debari, local Bengali name for this species
Devario fangae Kullander 2017 in honor of the late Fang Fang (1962–2010), Chinese ichthyologist and Kullander’s wife, the “proper discoverer” of this species, who singled it out as new, “recognizing her deep personal interest in the freshwater fishes of Myanmar,” where it occurs
Devario fangfangae (Kottelat 2000) in honor of Chinese ichthyologist Fang Fang (1962–2010), author of several papers on the systematics of Danio (original genus), in appreciation of her help
Devario fraseri (Hora 1935) in honor of Albert Glen Leslie Fraser (1887–?), medical officer and amateur herpetologist, for obtaining specimens of this species and that of Rasbora labiosa (Rasborinae)
Devario gibber (Kottelat 2000) Latin for gibbous or humpbacked, referring to small hump on nape
Devario horai (Barman 1983) in honor of the late Sunder Lal Hora (1896–1955), “eminent” ichthyologist and former Director of the Zoological Survey of India
Devario interruptus (Day 1870) Latin for interrupted, referring to how lateral line ends opposite base of ventral fin
Devario kakhienensis (Anderson 1879) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Kakhyen Hills, western Yunnan border between China and Myanmar, type locality
Devario kysonensis (Nguyen, Nguyen & Mua 2010) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Ky Son district, Nghe An Province, Vietnam, type locality
Devario laoensis (Pellegrin & Fang 1940) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Laos, type locality
Devario leptos (Fang & Kottelat 1999) leptós (Gr. λεπτός), slender or thin, referring to its slender body shape
Devario malabaricus (Jerdon 1849) –icus (L.), belonging to: Malabar (i.e., southern India), type locality
Devario manipurensis (Barman 1987) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Manipur, India, type locality
Devario memorialis Sudasinghea, Pethiyagoda & Meegaskumbura 2020 Latin for belonging to memory or remembrance, in memory of those who perished in the disastrous landslide at Aranayake, Ma Oya basin, Sri Lanka, type locality, in May 2016, while the authors’ fieldwork was in progress
Devario micronema (Bleeker 1863) micro-, from mikrós (Gr. μικρός), small; nḗma (Gr. νῆμα), thread, presumably referring to its slender rostral barbel (“cirris gracilibus”)
Devario monticola Batuwita, de Silva & Udugampala 2017 montis (L.), mountain, –cola (L.), dweller or inhabitant, referring to the hill country of Agarapatana, Nuwara Eliya District, Sri Lanka, type locality [replacement name for Danio lineolatus Bleeker 1863, secondarily preoccupied in Devario by Leuciscus lineolatus Blyth 1858]
Devario myitkyinae Kullander 2017 of Myitkyina, northern Myanmar, type locality, where it appears to be the only representative of the genus
Devario naganensis (Chaudhuri 1912) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Naga Hills, Manipur, India, type locality
Devario neilgherriensis (Day 1867) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Neilgherry (locally spelled Nilgiri) Hills, India, type locality
Devario ostreographus (McClelland 1839) ostrinus (L.), purple; graphus, from gráphos (Gr. γράφος), mark, referring to distinct purple stripes on sides [treated as a junior synonym of D. aequipinnatus by some workers]
Devario pathirana (Kottelat & Pethiyagoda 1990) in honor of Sri Lankan aquarium-fish breeder and exporter Ananda Pathirana, for calling the authors’ attention to this fish [presumably a noun in apposition, without the genitive “i”]
Devario pullatus Kottelat 2020 Latin for clothed in black or soiled garments, or in mourning, referring to its blackish appearance when first collected
Devario quangbinhensis (Nguyen, Le & Nguyen 1999) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Quang Bình Province, Vietnam, type locality
Devario regina (Fowler 1934) Latin for queen, dedicated to Her Majesty Rambaibarni (1904–1984), Queen of Siam
Devario salmonatus (Kottelat 2000) scientific Neo-Latin for salmon-like, “with the colour of salmon flesh” (belly, pelvic, anal and caudal fins of breeding males are described as “salmon-orange”)
Devario shanensis (Hora 1928) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: northern Shan States, Myanmar, type locality
Devario sondhii (Hora & Mukerji 1934) in honor of geologist Ved Pall Sondhi (1903–1989), Geological Survey of India, who collected holotype
Devario spinosus (Day 1870) Latin for thorny, referring to sharp spine pointing forwards above anterior superior margin of orbit, and a broader and less sharp spine before center of anterior orbital margin
Devario strigillifer (Myers 1924) strigilla, full of striga (L.), furrow or groove (i.e., stripe or streak); –ifer, from fera (L.), to have or bear, allusion not explained, presumably referring to color pattern of “blue and yellow lines breaking up anteriorly into spots and streaks”
Devario subviridis Kottelat 2020 Latin for greenish, referring to appearance of living and recently collected specimens
Devario xyrops Fang & Kullander 2009 xyrón (Gr. ξυρόν), razor; ṓps (Gr. ὦψ), eye, referring to sharp, exposed bony margin of supraorbital and wide infraorbital process
Devario yuensis (Arunkumar & Tombi Singh 1998) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Yu River system, near border areas of Manipur, India and Myanmar, type locality
Inlecypris Howes 1980 Inle, referring to Inlé Lake basin, South Shan States, Myanmar, type locality of I. auropurpureus, type species; cypris, a common suffix for small cyprinoid genera, derived from Cyprinus (Common Carp)
Inlecypris auropurpurea (Annandale 1918) auro, from aurum (L.), gold; purpureus (L.), purple, referring to its dorsal coloration: “suffused with deep purple, the vertical bars and caudal stripe are bright ultramarine blue surrounded with a halo of gold”
Inlecypris jayarami (Barman 1985) in honor of ichthyologist Kottore Chidambaram Jayaram (b. 1926), Deputy Director, Zoological Survey of India, and “one of the prominent workers of the fishes of India of the present decade”
Inlecypris maetaengensis (Fang 1997) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Nam Mae Taeng River, Thailand, type locality
Laubuka Bleeker 1859 presumably tautonymous with Cyprinus laubuca Hamilton 1822 (no species mentioned), Latinization of Layubuka, local Bengali name for that species [often spelled Laubuca dating to Bleeker 1860, but original spelling has priority]
Laubuka caeruleostigmata Smith 1931 caeruleus (L.), dark blue (but often used to mean blue in general); stigmata (L.), marks or spots, referring to blue spot on top of head behind eyes
Laubuka fasciata (Silas 1958) Latin for banded, referring to broad, dark lateral stripe running from just behind eye to just in front of caudal fin base
Laubuka hema Sudasinghe, Pethiyagoda & Meegaskumbura 2020 Sanskrit for gold, referring to golden hue of live specimens
Laubuka khujairokensis (Arunkumar 2000) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Khujairok hill stream, tributary of the Yu River, Manipur, India, type locality
Laubuka lankensis (Deraniyagala 1960) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Sri Lanka, where it is endemic
Laubuka latens Knight 2015 Latin for hidden (i.e., its identity hidden), referring to its having been overlooked in earlier ichthyofaunal surveys due to its having been confused with L. laubuca
Laubuka laubuca (Hamilton 1822) Latinization of Layubuka, local Bengali name for this species
Laubuka parafasciata Lalramliana, Vanlalhlimpuia & Singh 2017 pará (Gr. παρά), near, referring to its similarity to L. fasciata, both having a broad, dark brown midlateral stripe on body
Laubuka siamensis Fowler 1939 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Siam (Thailand), where type locality (waterfall at Trang) is situated
Laubuka tenella Kullander, Rahman, Norén & Mollah 2018 diminutive of tener (L.), tender or delicate, referring to its small size (up to 47.4 mm SL) and “soft, delicate consistency of fresh specimens”
Laubuka trevori Knight 2015 in honor of Trevor Menezes (1957–2010), “for his enthusiasm and support to aquarium-fish hobbyists in exploring the Cauvery and Tunga River systems [of southern India]; he died during one such expedition”
Laubuka varuna Pethiyagoda, Kottelat, Silva, Maduwage & Meegaskumbura 2008 Sinhalese for western, its distribution restricted to the west-flowing Kelani and Kalu drainages of Sri Lanka
Microdevario Fang, Norén, Liao, Källersjö & Kullander 2009 micro-, from mikrós (Gr. μικρός), small, referring to their miniature size; Devario, referring to their relationship with that genus
Microdevario gatesi (Herre 1939) in honor of American-born biologist Gordon E. Gates (1897–1987), “distinguished” lumbricologist of Judson College (Rangoon), without whose aid Herre’s visit to Rangoon “would have been of little avail”
Microdevario kubotai (Kottelat & Witte 1999) in honor of Katsuma Kubota, Managing Director, Siam Pet Fish Trading Co. (Bangkok, Thailand), for “his help in conducting several projects, assistance in the field, and the gift of numerous specimens”
Microdevario microphthalma (Jiang, Chen & Yang 2008) micro-, from mikrós (Gr. μικρός), small; ophthalmós (Gr. ὀφθαλμός), eye, referring to smaller eyes compared with congeners and Microrasbora rubescens
Microdevario nanus (Kottelat & Witte 1999) Latin for dwarf (a noun, but authors treat it as an adjective), referring to its small size, up to 15.2 mm SL
Microrasbora Annandale 1918 micro-, from mikrós (Gr. μικρός), small, i.e., a diminutive species closely allied to Rasbora
Microrasbora rubescens Annandale 1918 Latin for reddish, referring to orange-scarlet color of sides, ventral surface of head, and caudal, anal and sometimes dorsal fins of both sexes
Neochela Silas 1958 néos (Gr. νέος), new, proposed as a subgenus of Chela
Neochela dadiburjori (Menon 1952) in honor of Bombay (Mumbai) aquarist Sam J. Dadiburjor, who collected, bred and “brought this interesting fish to the notice of science”
Flying Barbs
Subfamily ESOMINAE Tan & Armbruster 2018
Esomus Swainson 1839 etymology not explained, perhaps e-, from ex (L.), out of or from, and somus, from sṓma (Gr. σῶμα), body, perhaps referring to long maxillary barbels of E. danrica, which reach ventral fin and thus can be described as extending out from the body
Esomus ahli Hora & Mukerji 1928 in honor of German ichthyologist-herpetologist Ernst Ahl (1898-1945), who reported this species as E. malabaricus in 1923
Esomus altus (Blyth 1860) Latin for high, presumably referring to its deeper body compared with E. danricus
Esomus bengalensis Bhakat & Sinha 2020 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: West Bengal, India, where it occurs
Esomus caudiocellatus Ahl 1924 cauda (L.), tail; ocellatus (L.), having little eyes, referring to black ocellus with golden border at base of caudal fin
Esomus danrica (Hamilton 1822) local Bengali name for this species
Esomus longimanus (Lunel 1881) longus (L.), long; manus (L.), hand, referring to its long pectoral-fin ray, which sometimes reaches to anal fin
Esomus malayensis (Matte & Reichelt 1908) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: either the Malay Peninsula or Archipelago (location given as Hinterindien, or Indo-China) [senior secondary homonym of Esomus malayensis Ahl 1924, which appears to be a distinct species]
Esomus metallicus Ahl 1924 Latin for metallic, allusion not explained, presumably referring to its silvery coloration and/or narrow, shiny, but barely visible, silver stripe on side
Esomus nimasowi Abujam, Gogoi, Das, Das & Biswas 2021 UNAVAILABLE; ELECTRONIC PUBLICATION WITHOUT ZOOBANK REGISTRATION in honor of Gibji Nimasow, Rajiv Gandhi University (Arunachal Pradesh, India), for his “constant encouragement and interest in fishery related works”
Esomus thermoicos (Valenciennes 1842) thermós (Gr. θερμός), hot; oī́kos (Gr. οἶκος), house or dwelling-place, referring to its type locality, a warm spring (reported at 40˚C) in Cania (now Kanniya), Sri Lanka