Updated 22 Sept. 2023
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Caenotropus Günther 1864 etymology not explained, possibly caeno-, from kainós (Gr. καινός), new or recent, and trópos (Gr. τρόπος), turn or direction, if so, allusion not evident; caeno- could be from caenum (L.), mud, which, when combined with trópos, could refer to the fish’s head-down swimming position, but it is doubtful Günther knew of this behavior

Caenotropus labyrinthicus (Kner 1858) Latin for labyrinthine, referring to similarity of last gill arch to those of labyrinth fishes of the genus Anabas (Anabantiformes: Anabantidae)

Caenotropus maculosus (Eigenmann 1912) Latin for spotted, referring to dark spots on scales and/or conspicuous black spot on tip of anterior dorsal-fin rays

Caenotropus mestomorgmatos Vari, Castro & Raredon 1995 mestós (Gr. μεστός), full; omorgmatos (Gr. ὀμόργματος), genitive of ómorgma (ὄμοργμα), that which is wiped off or swept away (i.e., spot, stain or dirt), referring to numerous spots of dark pigmentation on body

Caenotropus schizodon Scharcansky & Lucena 2007 schizo-, from schízō (Gr. σχίζω), to part or divide; odon, Latinized and grammatically adjusted from the Greek nominative ὀδούς (odoús), tooth, referring to its bifid premaxillary teeth

Chilodus Müller & Troschel 1844 cheilos, lip; odus, tooth, presumably referring to single row of minute teeth on both jaws

Chilodus fritillus Vari & Ortega 1997 Latin for a dice-box (authors say dice or spotted), referring to regular pattern on spots on body

Chilodus gracilis Isbrücker & Nijssen 1988 Latin for thin or slender, referring to slender body shape, body depth 3.3-3.6 in SL

Chilodus punctatus Müller & Troschel 1844 Latin for spotted, referring to dark spot on each scale of sides and dorsum

Chilodus zunevei Puyo 1946 in honor of M. (probably Monsieur) Zunêve, service agent, Eaux et Forêts (Waters and Forests), French Guiana, who provided holotype