Family BAGRIDAE Bleeker 1858 (Naked or Bagrid Catfishes)

Updated 28 Sept. 2024
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Bagrichthys Bleeker 1857 Bagrus, referring to Bleeker’s original placement of B. hypselopterus in that genus; ichthýs (ἰχθύς), fish

Bagrichthys hypselopterus (Bleeker 1852) high-finned, from hypsēlós (Gr. ὑψηλός), high, and pterus, from pterón (Gr. πτερόν) or ptéryx (πτέρυξ), fin, referring to long dorsal-fin spine, up to twice as high as the body

Bagrichthys macracanthus (Bleeker 1854) makrós (Gr. μακρός), long or large; acanthus (L.), from ákantha (Gr. ἄκανθα), thorn, referring to its dorsal-fin spine, longer than length of head

Bagrichthys macropterus (Bleeker 1854) big-finned, from makrós (Gr. μακρός), long or large, and pterus, from pterón (Gr. πτερόν) or ptéryx (πτέρυξ), fin, referring to its long adipose fin, four times longer than dorsal fin

Bagrichthys majusculus Ng 2002 Latin for somewhat greater, referring to relatively larger adipose-fin base and pectoral and dorsal fins when compared with B. macracanthus, its closest congener

Bagrichthys micranodus Roberts 1989 micro-, from mikrós (Gr. μικρός), small, referring to its small size (up to 125 mm); án– (ἄν), Greek privative, i.e., not, and odoús (Gr. ὀδούς), tooth, referring to “virtually toothless jaws”

Bagrichthys obscurus Ng 1999 Latin for dark (Ng said indistinct), referring to its uniform brown coloration

Bagrichthys vaillantii (Popta 1906) in honor of French zoologist Léon Vaillant (1834–1914), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle (Paris), who described this species in 1902 but used a preoccupied name

Bagroides Bleeker 1851oides, Neo-Latin from eī́dos (Gr. εἶδος), form or shape: Bagrus, i.e., a bagrid catfish

Bagroides melapterus Bleeker 1851 black-finned, from mélas (μέλας), black, and pterus, from pterón (Gr. πτερόν) or ptéryx (πτέρυξ), fin, referring to “violet-black” coloration on rayed dorsal, pectoral, ventral and anal fins, and “black-violet” border on caudal fin (translations)

Bagrus Bosc 1816 Latinization of bagre, per Marcgrave (or Markgraf, Historia Naturalis Brasiliae, 1648), a Portuguese word for catfish in Brazil, presumably first applied to the marine ariid Bagre bagre; another explanation is from the Dutch bagger, mud, referring to benthic habits of many catfishes

Bagrus bajad (Fabricius 1775) from bajâd, Arabic name for this catfish along the Nile River in Egypt [authorship often given as (Forsskål 1775)]

Bagrus caeruleus Roberts & Stewart 1976 Latin for dark blue (but used here to mean blue in general), referring to bluish color of back and sides

Bagrus degeni Boulenger 1906 in honor of Swiss ornithologist Edward Degen (1852–1923), who “utilized his leisure” while serving as an assistant to Prof. E. A. Minchin in Uganda and collected holotype

Bagrus docmak (Fabricius 1775) from docmak or doqmâk, Arabic name for this catfish along the Lower Nile river delta, Egypt [authorship often given as (Forsskål 1775)]

Bagrus filamentosus Pellegrin 1924 Latin for filamentous, referring to first branched dorsal-fin ray prolonged into a long filament and succeeding rays into shorter filaments; name may also refer to filaments sometimes present on pectoral fins

Bagrus lubosicus Lönnberg 1924icus (L.), belonging to: Lubosi River, Democratic Republic of the Congo, type locality

Bagrus meridionalis Günther 1894 Latin for southern, presumably referring to its distribution south of the nilotic B. bajad in the upper Shire River of Malawi

Bagrus orientalis Boulenger 1902 Latin for eastern, presumably referring to its occurrence along the Zanzibar coast of Tanzania in East Africa

Bagrus ubangensis Boulenger 1902 ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Ubangi River, Democratic Republic of the Congo, type locality

Bagrus urostigma Vinciguerra 1895 uro, from ourá (Gr. οὐρά), tail; stígma (Gr. στίγμα), mark or spot, referring to black spots on caudal fin

Batasio Blyth 1860 tautonymous with Pimelodus batasio Hamilton 1822 (see species)

Batasio affinis Blyth 1860 Latin for related, “Exceedingly like” B. buchanani (=B. batasio)

Batasio batasio (Hamilton 1822) batasio or batashi, local Bengali names for this catfish in India

Batasio convexirostrum Darshan, Anganthoibi & Vishwanath 2011 convexus (L.), rounded or curving out; rostrum (L.), snout, presumably referring to its rounded snout (not mentioned in description but clearly evident in photo of paratype) and/or to its overall convex dorsal profile [although formed as a noun, authors say name is an adjective]

Batasio dayi (Vinciguerra 1890) in memory of Francis Day (1830–1889), Inspector-General of Fisheries in India and author of “Fishes of India” (1889), an “illustrious naturalist” (translation), for his many valuable contributions to the ichthyology of India

Batasio elongatus Ng 2004 Latin for prolonged, referring to its relatively slender body and long snout

Batasio fasciolatus Ng 2006 diminutive of fasciatus (L.), banded, i.e., with small bands, referring to six vertical dark brown bars on head and body

Batasio feruminatus Ng & Kottelat 2008 Latin for welded, referring to contact between dorsal and adipose fins, unique in the genus

Batasio flavus Plamoottil 2015 Latin for yellow, referring to the color of its body and fins

Batasio fluviatilis (Day 1888) Latin for riverine or of a river, presumably referring to its type locality, described as a “stream”

Batasio macronotus Ng & Edds 2004 macro-, from makrós (Gr. μακρός), long or large; notus, from nṓtos (Gr. νῶτος), back, referring to its long adipose fin compared with B. batasio

Batasio merianiensis (Chaudhuri 1913) ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: presumably a variant spelling of Mariani, referring to Mariani Junction, Assam, India, type locality

Batasio pakistanicus Mirza & Jan 1989 icus (L.), belonging to: Pakistan, where it is endemic to the Indus River basin

Batasio procerus Ng 2008 Latin for high, long or tall, referring to its elongate caudal peduncle

Batasio sharavatiensis Bhatt & Jayaram 2004 ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Sharavati River, India, type locality

Batasio spilurus Ng 2006 spílos (Gr. σπίλος), mark or spot; urus, from ourá (Gr. οὐρά), tail, referring to distinct spot at base of caudal peduncle

Batasio tengana (Hamilton 1822) presumably local Bengali name for this species in India

Batasio tigrinus Ng & Kottelat 2001 Latin for tiger-like, referring to its striped coloration

Batasio travancoria Hora & Law 1941 ia (L. suffix), belonging to: Travancore, a former Hindu feudal kingdom, now Kerala, India, where this catfish occurs

Hemibagrus Bleeker 1862 hemi-, from hḗmisys (Gr. ἥμισυς), half, i.e., a genus resembling, closely related to, and/or previously referred to as Bagrus

Hemibagrus baramensis (Regan 1906)ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Baram River, Borneo, type locality

Hemibagrus bongan (Popta 1904) named for the Bongan River, central Borneo, type locality

Hemibagrus capitulum (Popta 1906) Latin for a little head, proposed as a “variety” of H. fortis with a slightly smaller head [date often incorrectly given as 1904]

Hemibagrus caveatus Ng, Wirjoatmodjo & Hadiaty 2001 Latin for caged, referring to dark vertical and horizontal stripes on sides, which resemble bars of a cage

Hemibagrus centralus Mai 1978 etymology not explained nor evident, probably a variant spelling of centralis (L.), central, perhaps referring to its type locality, Quang Bình Province, which is in central Vietnam

Hemibagrus divaricatus Ng & Kottelat 2013 Latin for spread apart, referring to relatively large distance between dorsal and adipose fins

Hemibagrus filamentus (Fang & Chaux 1949) variant spelling of filamentosus,Latin for filamentous, referring to filamentous extensions of first 3–4 branched rays of dorsal fin, their total height equal to length of head

Hemibagrus fortis (Popta 1904) Latin for strong, allusion not explained, possibly referring to its rugose head shield, characteristic of the genus

Hemibagrus gracilis Ng & Ng 1995 Latin for thin or slender, referring to proportionally more elongate body compared to H. planiceps, its closest congener

Hemibagrus guttatus (Lacepède 1803) Latin for spotted, referring to small blackish spots irregularly scattered on almost all parts of the body

Hemibagrus hainanensis (Tchang 1935) ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Hainan Island, China, where it is endemic

Hemibagrus hoevenii (Bleeker 1846) patronym not identified but almost certainly in honor of Bleeker’s Dutch colleague, zoologist Jan van der Hoeven (1801–1868), whom he had honored with several other names

Hemibagrus imbrifer Ng & Ferraris 2000 Latin for rainy, referring to arrangement of sensory pores in vertical columns on sides of body

Hemibagrus lacustrinus Ng & Kottelat 2013 Latin for belonging to or living in lakes or ponds, referring to Danau Singkarak, a tectonic lake, and its outflow, in central-west Sumatra, where it is endemic

Hemibagrus macropterus Bleeker 1870 big-finned, from makrós (Gr. μακρός), long or large, and pterus, from pterón (Gr. πτερόν) or ptéryx (πτέρυξ), fin, referring to its long adipose fin

Hemibagrus maydelli (Rössel 1964) in honor of German ecologist and biogeographer Gustav Adolf von Maydell (1919–1959), University of Hamburg, who collected holotype

Hemibagrus menoda (Hamilton 1822) local name for this species in Bangladesh

Hemibagrus microphthalmus (Day 1877) small-eyed, from micro-, from mikrós (Gr. μικρός), small, and ophthalmós (Gr. ὀφθαλμός), eye, presumably referring to eye diameter 1/6 length of head

Hemibagrus nemurus (Valenciennes 1840) thread-tailed, from nḗma (Gr. νῆμα), thread, and ourá (Gr. οὐρά), tail, presumably referring to thread-like extension of upper caudal-fin lobe

Hemibagrus olyroides (Roberts 1989)oides, Neo-Latin from eī́dos (Gr. εἶδος), form or shape: referring to superficial resemblance to (and possible relationship with) Olyra

Hemibagrus peguensis (Boulenger 1894) ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Pegu (now called Bago), referring to Bago Region of Myanmar, type locality

Hemibagrus planiceps (Valenciennes 1840) planus (L.), flat; –ceps (Neo-Latin), headed, referring to its “remarquable” flat head

Hemibagrus pluriradiatus (Vaillant 1892) pluris (L.), more; radiatus (L.), rayed, having more dorsal-fin rays than other species of Macrones (a catch-all genus of Indian bagrids, now a synonym of Sperata) known at the time

Hemibagrus punctatus (Jerdon 1849) Latin for spotted, referring to row of black spots on sides

Hemibagrus sabanus (Inger & Chin 1959)anus (L.), belonging to: Sabah, local name for North Borneo (Malaysia and Indonesia), where it is endemic

Hemibagrus semotus Ng & Kottelat 2013 Latin for pushed aside, referring to the relatively large distance between its dorsal and adipose fins

Hemibagrus spilopterus Ng & Rainboth 1999 spílos (Gr. σπίλος), mark or spot; ptera, from ptéryx (πτέρυξ), fin, referring to black spot on adipose fin

Hemibagrus variegatus Ng & Ferraris 2000 Latin for “of different sorts,” particularly colors, referring to irregular dark-brown markings on sides

Hemibagrus velox Tan & Ng 2000 Latin for fast, referring to its habitat (fast-flowing streams and rivers)

Hemibagrus vietnamicus Mai 1978 icus (L.), belonging to: described from mountain streams in northern Vietnam (also occurs in Laos)

Hemibagrus wyckii (Bleeker 1858) in honor of Herman Constantijn Van der Wijck (1815–1889), Knight of the Order of the Netherlands Lion, Regent of the Preanger Regencies, Java, Indonesia (type locality), who invited Bleeker to a fishing party in which the river was poisoned with “akar toeba” (a plant whose roots contain the ichthyocide rotenone) and large masses of stunned fishes were ladled from the water [a regency is a rural area, larger than a city; a regent is its leader, similar to a mayor]

Hemibagrus wyckioides (Fang & Chaux 1949) oides, Neo-Latin from eī́dos (Gr. εἶδος), form or shape: closely resembling M. wyckii

Hemileiocassis Ng & Lim 2000 hemi-, from hḗmisys (Gr. ἥμισυς), half, referring to its close resemblance to Leiocassis

Hemileiocassis panjang Ng & Lim 2000 Malay for long, referring to its elongate body shape

Hyalobagrus Ng & Kottelat 1998 hýalos (Gr. ὕαλος), glass, but here meaning transparent, referring to translucent body; Bagrus, type genus of Bagridae

Hyalobagrus flavus Ng & Kottelat 1998 Latin for yellow, referring to its coloration in life

Hyalobagrus leiacanthus Ng & Kottelat 1998 leī́os (Gr. λεῖος) smooth; acanthus (L.), from ákantha (Gr. ἄκανθα), thorn, referring to lack of serrations on anterior edge of pectoral spine

Hyalobagrus ornatus (Duncker 1904) Latin for adorned or decorated, referring to brown longitudinal stripe and black spots on translucent body

Leiocassis Bleeker 1857 leī́os (Gr. λεῖος) smooth; cassis (L.), metal helmet, referring to covering of skin and muscle on head

Leiocassis aculeata Ng & Hadiaty 2005 Latin for sharp-pointed or stinging, referring to large spines compared to L. micropogon

Leiocassis bekantan Ng & Tan 2018 Indonesian vernacular for the Proboscis Monkey Nasalis larvatus from Borneo (where type locality of this catfish is situated), distinguished by its enlarged and very prominent nose, alluding to prominent snout of this catfish when compared with congeners

Leiocassis collina Ng & Lim 2006 Latin for hilly, referring to hillstream habitat in northeast Borneo

Leiocassis micropogon (Bleeker 1852) micro-, from mikrós (Gr. μικρός), small; pṓgōn (Gr. πώγων), beard, referring to its eight slender barbels

Leiocassis poeciloptera (Valenciennes 1840) poecilio-, from poikílos (Gr. ποικίλος), varicolored, and ptera, from pterón (Gr. πτερόν) or ptéryx (πτέρυξ), fin (treated as an adjective, finned), presumably referring to broad black-brown bands on yellow fins

Leiocassis rudicula Ng & Hadiaty 2019 Latin for a wooden spoon or spatula, referring to distinct concavity on dorsolateral profile of head, which is reminiscent of a spoon

Leiocassis tenebrica Ng & Lim 2006 Latin for dark or gloomy, referring to its uniform brown coloration

Mystus Scopoli 1777 Latinization of mýstax (Gr. μύσταξ), moustache, dating to at least Belon’s De Aquatilibus (1553) to describe all fishes with whiskers

Mystus abbreviatus (Valenciennes 1840) Latin for shortened, possibly referring to its stocky body (“le corps trapu”)

Mystus alasensis Ng & Hadiaty 2005 ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Sungai Alas (Alas River), Aceh, Sumatra, only known area of occurrence

Mystus albolineatus Roberts 1994 albus (L.), white; lineatus (L.), lined, referring to white midlateral stripe or line that runs length of lateral-line canal

Mystus ankutta Pethiyagoda, Silva & Maduwage 2008 Sinhalese name for small catfishes

Mystus armatus (Day 1865) Latin for armed with a weapon, referring to its serrated to pectoral-fin spines, which inflict “much dreaded” wounds

Mystus armiger Ng 2004 arma (L.), weapons; –iger (L.), to have or bear, referring to large serrations on pectoral spines

Mystus atrifasciatus Fowler 1937 atri-, from ater (L.), black; fasciatus (L.), banded, referring to distinct, dark lateral band traversing the lateral line

Mystus bimaculatus (Volz 1904) bi-, from bis (L.), twice; maculatus (L.), spotted, referring to black spot behind gill opening, similar to the silurid catfish Callichrous (=Ompok) bimaculatus

Mystus bleekeri (Day 1877) in honor of Dutch Army surgeon and ichthyologist Pieter Bleeker (1819–1878), who reported this catfish as M. keletius in 1853

Mystus bocourti (Bleeker 1864) in honor of French zoologist and artist Marie Firmin Bocourt (1819–1904), who collected holotype and/or sent specimens to Bleeker for his review

Mystus canarensis Grant 1999 ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Canara, southern India, type locality [replacement name for Hara malabarica Day 1865, secondarily preoccupied in Mystus by Bagrus malabaricus Jerdon 1849]

Mystus carcio (Hamilton 1822) presumably local Bengali name for this species in India

Mystus castaneus Ng 2002 Latin for chestnut-brown, referring to color of body and dorsal surface of head

Mystus catapogon Plamoottil 2016 from katápṓgōn (Gr. κατάπώγων), long-bearded, referring to long maxillary (reaching beyond caudal-fin base) and mandibular (reaching ventral-fin base) barbels

Mystus cavasius (Hamilton 1822) Latinization of Kavasi, from Kavasi tenggara, local Hindi name for this species in India

Mystus celator Ng & Kottelat 2023 Latin for concealer or hider, referring to its close similarity to (and misidentification with) M. pulcher

Mystus cineraceus Ng & Kottelat 2009 Latin for ashen, referring to ash-like (gray) coloration

Mystus cyrusi Esmaeili, Sayyadzadeh, Zarei, Eagderi & Mousavi-Sabet 2022 in honor of Cyrus the Great (d. 530 BC), king of Persia (this catfish is endemic to southern Iran)

Mystus dibrugarensis (Chaudhuri 1913)ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Dibrugarh, Assam, India, type locality

Mystus falcarius Chakrabarty & Ng 2005ius (L.), adjectival suffix: falk (L.), scythe or sickle, referring to both markedly concave dorsoposterior margin of dorsal fin and crescent-shaped humeral mark

Mystus gulio (Hamilton 1822) Latinization of Guli, local Bengali name for this species in India

Mystus heoki Plamoottil & Abraham 2013 in honor of the “eminent scientist” Heok Hee Ng, National University of Singapore, for his many contributions to the taxonomy of catfishes

Mystus horai Jayaram 1954 in honor of Indian ichthyologist Sunder Lal Hora (1896–1955), Director, Zoological Survey of India, who collected holotype

Mystus impluviatus Ng 2003 of or referring to an impluvium (L.), a small court open to the sky (Ng says skylight, used as a noun), referring to second posterior fontanel on supraoccipital

Mystus indicus Plamoottil & Abraham 2013icus (L.), belonging to: India, where it occurs in the Manimala River drainage of Kerala

Mystus irulu Vijayakrishnan & Praveenraj 2022 Kannada (official language of the state of Karnataka, India, type locality) word meaning dark, referring to its uniformly black coloration

Mystus keletius (Valenciennes 1840) Latinization of kéléti, local Pondichery name for this catfish (and for M. cavasius) in India

Mystus keralai Plamoottil & Abraham 2014 of Kerala, India, where it occurs in the Manimala River drainage

Mystus leucophasis (Blyth 1860) leuco-, from leukós (Gr. λευκός), white; phásis (Gr. φάσις), appearance, referring to its “remarkable” coloring, “the head and fore-part of the body being bright silky-white above”

Mystus malabaricus (Jerdon 1849) icus (L.), belonging to: Malabar (i.e., southern India), where it occurs

Mystus menoni Plamoottil & Abraham 2013 in honor of “eminent scientist” Ambat Gopalan Kutty Menon (1921–2002), Zoological Survey of India, for his contributions to the taxonomy of freshwater fishes in India

Mystus misrai Anuradha 1986 patronym not identified but almost certainly in honor of Indian ichthyologist K. S. Misra (1900–1999), who, with Sunder Lal Hora, identified this catfish as M. halepensis colvillii (=pelusius) in 1943

Mystus montanus (Jerdon 1849) Latin for pertaining to mountains, allusion not explained, probably referring to its occurrence in hill or mountain streams

Mystus multiradiatus Roberts 1992 multi– (L.), many; radiatus (L.), rayed, referring to >40 gill rakers on first gill arch, more than any congener known at time except M. mysticetus

Mystus mysticetus Roberts 1992 generic name of baleen whales, referring to its numerous slender, baleen-like gill rakers

Mystus nanus Sudasinghe, Pethiyagoda, Maduwage & Meegaskumbura 2016 Latin for a dwarf, referring to its diminutive size when compared with M. vittatus, with which it had been misidentified

Mystus ngasep Darshan, Vishwanath, Mahanta & Barat 2011 local Manipuri name for this fish in Manipur, India

Mystus nigriceps (Valenciennes 1840) nigra (L.), dark or black; –ceps (Neo-Latin), headed, referring to its blackish head

Mystus oculatus (Valenciennes 1840) Latin for eyed, presumably referring to its large eyes, “almost a third of the length of the head and hardly a diameter between the two eyes” (translation)

Mystus pelusius (Solander 1794) etymology not explained, presumably derived from pēlós (Gr. πηλός), mud or mire, referring to its occurrence in muddy waters

Mystus prabini Darshan, Abujam, Kumar, Parhi, Singh, Vishwanath, Das & Pandey 2019 in honor of the late Prabin Kumar Mahanta, former Director of the Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research (Bhimtal, India), for his “substantial contribution to the development of the cold-water fisheries sector in the Himalayan regions of India”

Mystus pulcher (Chaudhuri 1911) Latin for beautiful, presumably referring to coloration, highlighted by two “conspicuous and intensely black circular blotches” on sides

Mystus punctifer Ng, Wirjoatmodjo & Hadiaty 2001 punctum (L.), spot; fero (L.), to have or bear, referring to its prominent humeral spot

Mystus rhegma Fowler 1935 rhêgma (Gr. ῥῆγμα), breach or fracture, referring to distinct notch (1/7 length of adipose fin) between dorsal and adipose fins

Mystus rubripinnis Vanarajan & Arunachalam 2018 rubrum (L.), red; pinnis, Neo-Latin adjective of pinna (L.), fin, i.e., finned, referring to brick-red color of fins in life (and remaining even after several years of preservation)

Mystus rufescens (Vinciguerra 1890) Latin for reddish, referring to its reddish-brown body coloration

Mystus seengtee (Sykes 1839) Marathi vernacular for this species in India, which, as Sykes explained in 1841, he adopted “so that naturalists who travel the country can always obtain” the species

Mystus singaringan (Bleeker 1846) from Ikan Singaringan, local Malay name for this species (ikan = fish)

Mystus tengara (Hamilton 1822) local Bengali name for this species in India

Mystus velifer Ng 2012 velum (L.), sail; fero (L.), to have or bear, referring to relatively elongate first dorsal-fin ray

Mystus vittatus (Bloch 1794) Latin for banded, referring to light-blue stripes on sides

Mystus wolffii (Bleeker 1851) in honor of Bleeker’s friend J. Wolff, military doctor, who collected holotype

Mystus zeylanicus Ng & Pethiyagoda 2013icus (L.), belonging to: Zeylan, an early Dutch name for Sri Lanka, where it is endemic

Olyra McClelland 1842 etymology not explained, presumably from ólyra (Gr. ὄλυρα), spelt, or Olyra Linneaus 1759, a genus of neotropical grasses, probably referring to similarity of some spelt or Olyra leaves (pointed at one end) to pointed upper caudal-fin lobe of O. longicaudata

Olyra astrifera Arunachalam, Raja, Mayden & Chandran 2013 aster (L.) or astér (Gr. αστέρ), star; fero (L.), to have or bear, referring to star-shaped dots all over body

Olyra burmanica Day 1872 ica (L.), belonging to: Burma (now Myanmar), where it is endemic

Olyra horae (Prashad & Mukerji 1929) patronym not identified but clearly in honor of Indian ichthyologist Sunder Lal Hora (1896–1955), Zoological Survey of India [although named after a man, “ae” is an acceptable way to form a genitive from nouns that end in “a”]

Olyra longicaudata McClelland 1842 longus (L.), long; caudata (L.), tailed, probably referring to middle rays of the tail “prolonged to a lengthened point”

Olyra parviocula Kosygin, Shangningam & Gopi 2018 parvus (L.), small; oculus (L.) eye (but unnecessarily feminized as ocula), referring to smaller eyes compared with congeners

Olyra praestigiosa Ng & Ferraris 2016 Latin for “full of deceitful tricks,” referring to the confusion surrounding its identity (previously reported under three different names)

Olyra saginata Ng, Lalramliana & Lalthanzara 2014 Latin for fattened, crammed or feasted, referring to relatively deep body compared with congeners from northeastern part of Indian subcontinent

Pseudomystus Jayaram 1968 pseudo-, from pseúdēs (Gr. ψεύδης), false, proposed as a subgenus of Leiocassis, with features that resemble Mystus and represent a “transitional stage in the evolution” of Pseudomystus from the “more generalized” Mystus

Pseudomystus bomboides Kottelat 2000oides, Neo-Latin from eī́dos (Gr. εἶδος), form or shape: Bombus, bumblebee genus, referring to its barred color pattern

Pseudomystus breviceps (Regan 1913) brevis (L.), short; –ceps (Neo-Latin), headed, presumably referring to head “nearly as broad as long,” compared with “longer than broad” on several other congeners

Pseudomystus flavipinnis Ng & Rachmatika 1999 flavus (L.), yellow; pinnis, Neo-Latin adjective of pinna (L.), fin, i.e., finned, referring to “uniformly yellow” caudal fin

Pseudomystus fumosus Ng & Lim 2005 Latin for smoky (authors say smoke, used as an adjective) referring to uniform grayish-brown body

Pseudomystus funebris Ng 2010 Latin for funereal (i.e., clothed in black), referring to its blackwater habitat

Pseudomystus heokhuii Lim & Ng 2008 in honor of ichthyologist Heok Hui Tan, National University of Singapore, who brought this species to the authors’ attention

Pseudomystus inornatus (Boulenger 1894) Latin for undecorated or unadorned, referring to its uniform dark-brown coloration

Pseudomystus leiacanthus (Weber & de Beaufort 1912) leī́os (Gr. λεῖος) smooth; acanthus (L.), from ákantha (Gr. ἄκανθα), thorn, referring to smooth (not serrated) dorsal-fin spine

Pseudomystus mahakamensis (Vaillant 1902)ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Mahakam River, eastern Kalimantan, Borneo, Indonesia, type locality

Pseudomystus moeschii (Boulenger 1890) in honor of Swiss geologist Casimir Moesch (also spelled Mösch, 1827–1899), who collected holotype

Pseudomystus myersi (Roberts 1989) in honor of Stanford University ichthyologist George S. Myers (1905–1985), Roberts’ teacher and himself a student of Asian fishes

Pseudomystus robustus (Inger & Chin 1959) Latin for of oak or oaken and, by extension, hard, firm or solid (but often used by ichthyologists to mean fat or stout), referring to its robust body shape

Pseudomystus rugosus (Regan 1913) Latin for wrinkled or shrivelled, “upper surface of head, behind the orbits, naked, rugose”

Pseudomystus siamensis (Regan 1913) ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Siam, or Thailand, where type locality (Bangpakong River, Chao Phraya basin) is situated (also, holotype “received in 1897 from the Royal Siamese Museum”)

Pseudomystus sobrinus Ng & Freyhof 2005 Latin for a cousin on the mother’s side, referring to its close resemblance to P. siamensis

Pseudomystus stenogrammus Ng & Siebert 2005 sténos (Gr. στένος), narrow; grammus, from grammḗ (Gr. γραμμή), line or stroke of the pen, referring to thin white line along lateral line

Pseudomystus stenomus (Valenciennes 1840) sténos (Gr. στένος), narrow; hṓmos (Gr. ὦμος), shoulder (humeral region?), allusion not explained nor evident

Pseudomystus tuberosus Ng & Tan 2024 Latin for full of humps, lumps and protuberances, referring to both the distinctively humpbacked appearance of this species, as well as its tuberculate head and flanks

Pseudomystus vaillanti (Regan 1913) in honor of French zoologist Léon Vaillant (1834–1914), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle (Paris), who reported this species as P. moeschii in 1902

Rama Bleeker 1858 tautonymous with Pimelodus rama Hamilton 1822

Rama chandramara (Hamilton 1822) etymology not explained, perhaps derived from Chandragupta Maurya (340–298 BC), founder of the Mauryan Empire and the first emperor to unify India into one state

Rama rama (Hamilton 1822) etymology not explained, possibly named for Rama, the seventh avatar of Vishnu (Hinduism), or perhaps a diminutive of Rama chandramara, which Hamilton said it “strongly resembles”

Sperata Holly 1939 [i]a– (L. suffix), belonging to: Maria Adolfine Sperat, Holly’s late mother-in-law, who had supported Holly’s studies with “great understanding” or “sympathy” (depending on the translation) [replacement name for Macrones Duméril 1856, preoccupied by Macrones Newman 1841 in Coleoptera]

Sperata acicularis Ferraris & Runge 1999 Latin for needle-like, referring to the long, slender supraoccipital spine that most readily distinguishes it from its congeners

Sperata aor (Hamilton 1822) aor (also spelled auri and arii), local Bengali name for this species in India

Sperata aorella (Blyth 1858) ella (L.), a diminutive suffix, referring to similarity (“Hitherto confounded”) to S. aor

Sperata aorides (Jerdon 1849) oides, Neo-Latin from eī́dos (Gr. εἶδος), form or shape: described as “nearly allied” to S. aor

Sperata lamarrii (Valenciennes 1840) in honor of French explorer and naturalist August Lamarre-Picquot (1785–1873, also spelled Lamare-Picquot), who collected holotype

Sperata seenghala (Sykes 1839) Marathi vernacular for this species in India, which, as Sykes explained in 1841, he adopted “so that naturalists who travel the country can always obtain” the species

Sundolyra Ng, Hadiaty, Lundberg & Luckenbill 2015 Sunda, referring to Sunda Shelf, southeast extension of continental shelf of Southeast Asia, where it occurs (northwestern Sumatra); Olyra, genus to which it is most similar

Sundolyra latebrosa Ng, Hadiaty, Lundberg & Luckenbill 2015 Latin for hidden or secret, referring to its cryptic nature and apparent rarity

Tachysurus Lacepède 1803 tachýs (Gr. ταχύς), swift; urus, from ourá (Gr. οὐρά), tail, referring to presumed agility of T. sinensis based on its “long and nimble” tail (translation)

Tachysurus adiposalis (Oshima 1919) scientific Neo-Latin for adiposal, referring to its long adipose fin, much longer than anal fin

Tachysurus albomarginatus (Rendahl 1928) albus (L.), white; marginatus (L.), edged or margined, referring to white edges on dorsal, pelvic and caudal fins

Tachysurus analis (Nichols 1930) Latin for anal, referring to longer anal fin compared to Leiocassis (=Pelteobagrus) ussuriensis

Tachysurus argentivittatus (Regan 1905) argentum (L.), silver; vittatus (L.), banded, referring to silver lateral band extending from opercle to base of caudal fin

Tachysurus aurantiacus (Temminck & Schlegel 1846) Latin for orange-colored, referring to its “bright orange-yellow” color (translation) in life

Tachysurus brachyrhabdion (Cheng, Ishihara & Zhang 2008) brachýs (Gr. βραχύς), short; rhabdíon (Gr. ῥαβδίον), barbel, referring to shorter maxillary barbel compared to other congeners with a truncate or slightly emarginated caudal fin

Tachysurus brashnikowi (Berg 1907) in honor of Russian ichthyologist and fisheries chief Vladimir Konstantinovich Bražnikov (or Brashnikov, 1870–1921), who organized several expeditions in the Amur River basin and collected holotype

Tachysurus brevianalis (Regan 1908) brevis (L.), short; analis (L.), anal, referring to shorter anal fin compared to Pseudobagrus aurantiacus, its presumed congener at the time

Tachysurus brevicaudatus (Wu 1930) brevis (L.), short; caudatus (L.), tailed, referring to shorter caudal peduncle compared to T. emarginatus

Tachysurus brevicorpus (Mori 1936) brevis (L.), short; corpus (L.), body, referring to its “rather short and compressed” body

Tachysurus brevirostris (Nguyen 2006) brevis (L.), short; rostris, Neo-Latin scientific adjective of rostrum (L.), snout, referring to its short and blunt snout, shorter than postorbital length [species inquirenda, provisionally included here]

Tachysurus crassilabris (Günther 1864) crassus (L.), thick; labris, plural of labrum (L.), lip, referring to its “soft and fleshy” upper lip

Tachysurus dumerili (Bleeker 1864) in honor of Bleeker’s friend August Duméril (1812–1870), French herpetologist and ichthyologist, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle (Paris), who kindly allowed Bleeker to describe it

Tachysurus emarginatus (Regan 1913) Latin for deprived of its edge (i.e., having a notched tip), referring to emarginate caudal fin [treated as a junior synonym of T. pratti by some workers]

Tachysurus eupogon (Boulenger 1892) eū́– (Gr. εὖ), well or very; pṓgōn (Gr. πώγων), beard, presumably referring to nasal barbels (“twice and a half as long as eye”), maxillary barbels (“a little longer than the head”), and/or outer mandibular barbels (“three fourths the length of the head, inner one half”)

Tachysurus fui (Miao 1934) in honor of Tung-sheng Fu, Honan Museum (no other information available)

Tachysurus gracilis (Li, Chen & Chan 2005) Latin for thin or slender, referring to its thin, elongate body

Tachysurus herzensteini (Berg 1907) in honor of Russian ichthyologist Solomon Markovich Herzenstein (1854–1894), who reported this species as a distinct form of Macrones (=Pelteobagrus) ussuriensis in 1887

Tachysurus hoi (Pellegrin & Fang 1940) in honor of Chinese ichthyologist and geneticist Ho Ting Chieh, National University of Wu Han (now Wuhan University), who collected holotype and presented it, along with other Chinese fishes, to the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle (Paris)

Tachysurus ichikawai (Okada & Kubota 1957) in honor of Japanese platyhelminthologist Atsuhiko Ichikawa (1904–1991), Hokkaido University, the junior author’s “venefactor” [sic, benefactor] in college

Tachysurus intermedius (Nichols & Pope 1927) Latin for intermediate, described as intermediate between T. fulvidraco and “one or more related ones on the mainland [of China] with short, slender barbels”

Tachysurus kaifenensis (Tchang 1934)ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Kaifeng, Henan, China, type locality

Tachysurus koreanus (Uchida 1990) anus (L.), belonging to: Korea, where it is endemic

Tachysurus kyphus (Mai 1978) etymology not explained, presumably a Latinization of Ky Phu stream, Dai Tu District, Thai Nguyen Province, northern Vietnam, type locality

Tachysurus lani Cheng, Shao, López & Zhang 2021 in honor of Jia-Hu Lan, a parataxonomist who collected type specimens, for his contributions to the understanding of freshwater fishes of Guangxi Province, China, based on his field surveys

Tachysurus latifrontalis Shao & Zhang 2022 latus (L.), broad or wide; frontis (L.), brow or forehead, referring to its relatively wide interorbital space

Tachysurus longibarbus (Cui 1990) longus (L.), long; barbis (scientific Neo-Latin), barbel, referring to longer barbels compared to T. crassilabris and T. tenuifurcatus

Tachysurus longispinalis (Nguyen 2006) longus (L.), long; spinalis (L.), of or belonging to the spine (but here meaning spiny), referring to long and sharp dorsal-fin spine, about 2/3 of head length [species inquirenda, provisionally included here]

Tachysurus medianalis (Regan 1904) media (L.), moderate or middle; analis (L.), anal, referring to its 17–18 anal-fin rays, relevance not evident, perhaps within the middle range compared with related species

Tachysurus microcrassirostris (Xiao 2010) micro-, from mikrós (Gr. μικρός), small; crassirostris, presumably referring to its shorter body (93–124 mm vs. 170–235 mm) compared with the similar T. crassilabris)

Tachysurus microps (Rendahl 1933) micro-, from mikrós (Gr. μικρός), small; ṓps (Gr. ὦψ), eye, referring to smaller eyes compared with T. crassilabris

Tachysurus nitidus (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874) Latin for shining, neat or elegant, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to its “reddish body, wine-colored towards the back” (translation)

Tachysurus nubilosus (Ng & Freyhof 2007) Latin for cloudy, referring to its color pattern (cream patches on a brown body)

Tachysurus nudiceps (Sauvage 1883) nudus (L.), bare or naked (i.e., ony or skinless); -ceps (Neo-Latin), headed, allusion not explained, possibly referring to the top of its head, which is granulated, with a very thin covering of skin

Tachysurus omeihensis (Nichols 1941) ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Omeihsien, Sichuan Province, China, type locality

Tachysurus ondon (Shaw 1930) etymology not explained; name does not appear to be a Greek or Latin word, does correspond with the Chinese vernacular (“angtang”), and does not match any area in China that we can find

Tachysurus pratti (Günther 1892) in honor of British naturalist and explorer Antwerp Edgar Pratt (1852–1924), who collected holotype

Tachysurus similis (Nichols 1926) Latin for like or similar, “close” to T. emarginatus but “probably with smaller barbels”

Tachysurus sinensis Lacepède 1803 ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Sinica (China), a Chinese catfish described from a Chinese painting

Tachysurus sinyanensis (Fu 1935) ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Sinyang (Xinyang), southern Honan (Henan) Province, China, type locality

Tachysurus spilotus Ng 2009 from spilōtós (Gr. σπιλωτός), marked or stained, referring to spots on bases of caudal-fin lobes

Tachysurus taiwanensis (Oshima 1919) ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Taiwan, where it is endemic

Tachysurus taeniatus (Günther 1873) Latin for banded, referring to broad blackish along the sides

Tachysurus tenuifurcatus (Nichols 1931) tenuis (L.), thin or slender, referring to similar elongate body shape compared to P. tenuis; furcatus (L.), forked, referring to “deeply forked” caudal fin

Tachysurus tenuis (Günther 1873) Latin for thin or slender, referring to “much elongate” body, “very short and thin” barbels, and/or “thin skin” covering smooth head

Tachysurus tokiensis (Döderlein 1887) ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Tokyo, Japan, type locality

Tachysurus tonkinensis (Nguyen 2006)ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Tonkin (exonym for northern Vietnam), said to occur in the northern plains of Vietnam [species inquirenda, provisionally included here]

Tachysurus trilineatus (Zheng 1979) tri– (L.), three; lineatus (L.), lined, referring to three yellowish lines on each side of body

Tachysurus truncatus (Regan 1913) Latin for truncate, presumably referring to its “slightly emarginate or truncate” caudal fin

Tachysurus ussuriensis (Dybowski 1872)ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Ussuri River, Russia, one of two Amur basin rivers where it was first collected

Tachysurus vachellii (Richardson 1846) in honor of Rev. George Harvey Vachell (1799–1839), chaplain to the British East India Company’s factory at Macau, China, and collector of botanical specimens for Kew Gardens, who “presented” holotype

Tachysurus virgatus (Oshima 1926) Latin for made of twigs (i.e., branched), Latin for made of twigs (i.e., branched), etymology not explained, possibly referring to bluish black band along lateral line, “forked at the caudal base, [with] each branch reaching the tip [of the] caudal lobe”

Tachysurus wuyueensis­­ Zhou, Yuan & Shao 2024ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: combination of Wu and Yue, two rival states that were bordered by the Qiantang-Jiang River (type locality) in southeast China more than 2000 years ago

Tachysurus yeni (Nguyen & Nguyen 2006) in honor of Vietnamese ichthyologist Mai Đinh Yên (1933–2020), who reported this catfish as a distinct population of Mystus gulio in 1978 [species inquirenda, provisionally included here]

Tachysurus zhangfei Shao, Cheng & Zhang 2021 UNAVAILABLE; ELECTRONIC PUBLICATION WITHOUT ZOOBANK REGISTRATION named for Zhang Fei, a character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms (14th century, attributed to Luo Guanzhong), one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature, referring to this fish’s blackish or brown body, reminiscent of Zhang Fei’s black face as depicted in Chinese opera [presumably a noun in apposition, without the patronymic “i”]