COMMENTS
v. 22.1 – 16 March 2024 view/download PDF
Family SALMONIDAE Salmonids
17 genera/subgenera • 300 species/subspecies
Subfamily COREGONINAE Whitefishes
Coregonus Linnaeus 1758 Artedi’s 1738 name for C. lavaretus: core, pupil of eye; gonia, angle, referring to how front part of pupil projects at an acute angle
Subgenus Coregonus
Coregonus acrinasus Selz, Dönz, Vonlanthen & Seehausen 2020 acer, pointed; nasus, nose, referring to pointed snout when viewed in the sagittal plane
Coregonus albellus Fatio 1890 latinization of the local names Albele and Albuli in Switzerland, derived from albus, white, root of the name Weissfische (whitefish)
Coregonus albula (Linnaeus 1758) whitish, referring to its silvery coloration
Coregonus alpinus Fatio 1885 alpine, referring to its occurrence in an alpine lake in Switzerland, Lake Thun, type locality (also occurs in Lake Brienz)
Coregonus anaulorum Chereshnev 1996 name coined by Kaganowsky in 1933 but not made available until 1996; etymology not explained, possibly –orum, commemorative suffix, plural, referring to the Anaouls (or Anauls), a sedentary subtribe of the Yukaghir tribe of northern Siberia, who reportedly lived as fishers and hunters in the Anadyr River basin (where this salmonid occurs) in the 17th century
Coregonus arenicolus Kottelat 1997 arena, sand; colere, to inhabit, referring to its local name, sandfelchen (sand whitefish), along Lake Constance (Konstanz) in Switzerland, Germany and Austria, where it naturally occurs (introduced elsewhere)
Coregonus atterensis Kottelat 1997 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Lake Attersee, Austria, where it appears to be endemic
Coregonus austriacus Vogt 1909 Austrian, referring to country where it occurs in Lake Attersee (may also occur in Lake Wolfgangsee)
Coregonus baerii Kessler 1864 in honor of Karl Ernst von Baer (1792-1876), Baltic-German Russian biologist who recommended that Kessler join the commission to study the fishes of St. Petersburg Province, during which this species was discovered
Coregonus baicalensis Dybowski 1874 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Russia’s Lake Baikal, where it is endemic
Coregonus baunti Mukhomediyarov 1948 of Baunt Administrative district, home of the Tsipo-Tsipikan lakes, Vitim River system, Siberia, Russia, where this whitefish occurs
Coregonus bavaricus Hofer 1909 Bavarian, referring to its occurrence in Lake Ammersee, Upper Bavaria, Germany, where it is endemic
Coregonus bezola Fatio 1888 latinization of its local name, besoule or bezoule, at Lake Borget, France, where it is now extinct
Coregonus brienzii Selz, Dönz, Vonlanthen & Seehausen 2020 of Lake Brienz, Switzerland, the only endemic whitefish species known from this lake
Coregonus candidus Goll 1883 shining white, referring to its pale livery, “almost devoid of pigmentation” (translation), except during the summer, when it may take on a light bluish tint
Coregonus chadary Dybowski 1869 local name for this whitefish (also spelled khadary) in the Burjatskaja Republic of Russia (now the Republic of Buryatia, a federal subject of Russia)
Coregonus clupeaformis (Mitchill 1818) clupea, Latin for herring but often applied to shad; forma, shape, “more like a shad than any other fish” in general form and color
Coregonus clupeoides Lacepède 1803 -oides, having the form of: clupea, Latin for herring, referring to its herring-like appearance as demonstrated by its common name in Scotland (type locality) at time of description, “freshwater herring”
Coregonus confusus Fatio 1885 confused or mixed together, allusion not explained; proposed as a subspecies of C. annectus (=suidteri) from Lake Morat, Switzerland, Fatio tentatively considered rare individuals from nearby lakes Neuchâtel and Bienne as hybrids between it and the local species, which could have hybridized (i.e., mixed together) when the original hydrography and environment of the lakes were modified in 1868-78
Coregonus danneri Vogt 1908 in honor of fisheries inspector H. Danner (Linz, Austria), who collected type
Coregonus duplex Fatio 1890 double, but probably used here to mean duplicitous; proposed as one of four subspecies of C. schinzii (=fera), referring to the “different [taxonomic] assessments” caused by this species’ “misleading forms” (translation)
Coregonus fatioi Kottelat 1997 in honor of Swiss zoologist Victor Fatio (1838-1906), who wrote a standard reference work on Swiss vertebrates (1890) in which he described this species as C. wartmanni alpinus in 1890, a name preoccupied by his own C. alpinus (1885)
Coregonus fera Jurine 1825 local name for several species of Coregonus in Switzerland and France, including this one, dating back to at least Rondelet in the 1550s [extinct]
Coregonus fluviatilis Isachenko 1925 of a river, described as a “purely” (translation) river-adapted relative of C. lavaretus and C. pidschian
Coregonus fontanae Schulz & Freyhof 2003 in honor of German poet Theodor Fontane (1819-1898), who published several books reflecting his love for the state of Brandenburg, and dedicated his last book to the people and landscape around Lake Stechlin, Germany, where this species is endemic
Coregonus gutturosus (Gmelin 1818) goitered or strumose, derived from its German name, Kropf-Maräne (Struma Whitefish), presumably referring to its small head and high body so that throat appears to be hypertrophied with a vague resemblance to a goiter or struma (Ronald Fricke, pers. comm.) [extinct]
Coregonus heglingus Schinz 1822 latinization of Hegling, German word for a small kind of whitefish (this species reaches 24 cm SL)
Coregonus hiemalis Jurine 1825 of winter, referring to its spawning run from deeper parts of Lake Geneva, Switzerland and France, to shallow areas near shore [extinct]
Coregonus hoferi Berg 1932 in honor of German fisheries scientist Bruno Hofer (1861-1916), who reported this species as a variety of C. wartmanni in 1909 [probably extinct]
Coregonus holsatus Thienemann 1916 latinization of Holstein (derived from the Northern Low Saxon Holsaten), proposed as a subspecies of C. maraena from Lake Selenter near Lütjenburg, Holstein, Germany
Coregonus intermundia Selz & Seehausen 2023 inter, in between; mundia, the world, described as intermediate to C. litoralis and C. suspensus in its ecology and in some morphological characters
Coregonus karasjovi Bogdanov 2022 in honor of G. L. Karasjov (romanized as Karasev), who described this species as C. baunti in 1987 but used a preoccupied name (C. baunti Mukhomediyarov 1948)
Coregonus kiletz Michailovsky 1903 keeled, local name for this species along Onega Lake of northwestern Russia, derived from the Russian kil, keel, presumably referring to its general body shape (Artém Prokofiev, pers. comm.)
Coregonus ladogae Pravdin, Golubev & Belyaeva 1938 of Lake Ladoga, Russia, where it is endemic (but introduced into other lakes)
Coregonus lavaretus (Linnaeus 1758) latinization of lavaret, its vernacular name in the Savoyard dialect of France and Switzerland, dating to at least 1555
Coregonus litoralis Selz & Seehausen 2023 Latin for “coming from the shore,” referring to its spawning habitat, in very shallow water of a few meters close to or directly at the lake shore
Coregonus lucinensis Thienemann 1933 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Lake Breiter Lucin (or Luzin), Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Germany, where it is endemic
Coregonus lutokka Kottelat, Bogutskaya & Freyhof 2005 Finnish variant of ludoga, known as the Ludoga Whitefish, referring to occurrence in Lake Ladoga (sometimes spelled Ludoga), Russia [replacement name for Coregonus widegreeni ludoga Berg 1916, preoccupied by Coregonus ludoga Polyakov 1874 (=C. widegreni)]
Coregonus macrophthalmus Nüsslin 1882 macro-, large; ophthalmus, eye, referring to its very large eyes, their diameter representing at least 5% of body length
Coregonus maraena (Bloch 1779) latinization of Maräne, German word for whitefish
Coregonus maraenoides Polyakov 1874 –oides, having the form of: referring to similarity to and previous identification as C. maraena
Coregonus maxillaris Günther 1866 referring to its “well developed, strong” maxillary
Coregonus megalops Widegren 1863 mega-, large; ops, eye, referring to large eye, its diameter just over ⅓ length of head
Coregonus muelleri Selz & Seehausen 2023 in honor of the late Rudolf Müller (1944–2023), fisheries biologist, Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry (Kastanienbaum, Switzerland), who dedicated a large part of his career to understanding the ecology of whitefishes in Swiss lakes, and confirmed the re-discovery of C. nobilis
Coregonus muksun (Pallas 1814) Muksûn, its local Russian name in Siberia
Coregonus nasus (Pallas 1776) nose, referring to its rounded snout
Coregonus nelsonii Bean 1884 in honor of American naturalist and ethnologist Edward W. Nelson (1855-1934), who collected type, for his “important zoological researches” in Alaska
Coregonus nilssoni Valenciennes 1848 in honor of Swedish zoologist and archaeologist Sven Nilsson (1787-1883), whose 1832 work on Scandinavian fishes is cited several times by Valenciennes
Coregonus nobilis Haack 1882 well-known or excellent, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to how it was “often caught in enormous quantities” (translation) during the spawning season in Lake Vierwaldstätter, Switzerland, where it is endemic
Coregonus obliterus Selz & Seehausen 2023 Latin for forgotten, this whitefish having been forgotten for more than a century in the scientific literature [extinct by 1935 due to eutrophication]
Coregonus oxyrinchus (Linnaeus 1758) oxys, sharp; rhynchus, snout, referring to its long, pointed snout [extinct]
Coregonus palaea Cuvier 1829 presumably a latinization of palée, its local name in Switzerland, where it is endemic
Coregonus pallasii Valenciennes 1848 in honor of naturalist and explorer Peter Simon Pallas (1741-1811), whose collection provided type, with “respect for the memory of this great naturalist” (translation)
Coregonus pennantii Valenciennes 1848 in honor of Welsh naturalist and writer Thomas Pennant (1726-1798), who wrote about this species (called the “Gwiniad”) in 1769 but referred to it as C. lavaretus
Coregonus pidschian (Gmelin 1789) local name for this species in the Ob River region of Siberia, its presumed type locality
Coregonus pollan Thompson 1835 name by which it is “invariably known” at Lough Neah, Ireland, type locality
Coregonus pravdinellus Dulkeit 1949 –ellus, diminutive connoting endearment: in honor of Soviet ichthyologist Ivan Fedorovich Pravdin (1880-1963), who co-described Coregonus ladogae in 1938
Coregonus profundus Selz, Dönz, Vonlanthen & Seehausen 2020 deep, referring to its unique ecology of living and breeding in great depths in Lake Thun (Switzerland)
Coregonus renke (Schrank 1783) local name for this species at Lake Starnberg, Germany, type locality (also occurs in Austria)
Coregonus restrictus Fatio 1885 confined, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to its being confined to Lake Morat, Switzerland, where it is now extinct
Coregonus sajanensis Gundriser 1978 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Sajany (romanized as Sayan) Mountains, which overlook the Todzha depression in Tyva, Russia, where this species was reported in 1966
Coregonus sarnensis Selz & Seehausen 2023 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Sarnen, Switzerland, a village on the shores of Lake Sarnen, type locality
Coregonus skrjabini Karasev 1987 in honor of Anatoly Georgievich Scryabin (1938-2000), for his contribution to the study of whitefishes from the Baunt Lakes system
Coregonus smitti Warpachowski 1900 patronym not identified but clearly in honor of Swedish zoologist Fredrik Adam Smitt (1839-1904), whose 1883 revision of Coregonus and system of measuring coregonine fishes are cited by Warpachowski
Coregonus steinmanni Selz, Dönz, Vonlanthen & Seehausen 2020 in honor of Swiss biologist Paul Steinmann (1885-1953), whose 1950 monograph on Swiss Coregonus is the “most comprehensive compendium” on the subject to date, and whose large collection of Swiss fishes has been “essential to describe the whitefish diversity that was present in Switzerland just before or at the beginning of the strong anthropogenic-induced eutrophication of many Swiss lakes which was accompanied by population collapse, speciation reversals, and extinction of Swiss whitefish”
Coregonus stigmaticus Regan 1908 marked, referring to small blackish spots on sides
Coregonus suidteri Fatio 1885 patronym not explained but almost certainly in honor of Otto Suidter (1833-1901), a Swiss pharmacist and naturalist who studied coregonine fishes [extinct due to eutrophication; last seen 1899]
Coregonus supersum Selz & Seehausen 2023 Latin for “I survive” or “I am left over,” the only surviving whitefish species in Lake Zug, Switzerland
Coregonus suspensus Selz & Seehausen 2023 Latin for suspended or levitating, referring to its only being caught during the spawning season in the pelagic water column
Coregonus trybomi Svärdson 1979 in honor of the “prominent” Swedish fisheries biologist Filip Trybom (1850-1913), who was the first to publish on the existence of this species and study its morphology in 1903
Coregonus vandesius Richardson 1836 latinization of vendace, local name for this species at Lochmaben, Scotland, type locality (also occurs in England)
Coregonus vessicus Dryagin 1932 –icus, belonging to: Ves’, old Russian name for Vespians, Finnish people who lived on the shores of Lake Belozero, Karelia, Russia, where it is native (now introduced into Volga River reservoirs)
Coregonus wartmanni (Bloch 1784) in honor of physician-naturalist Bernhard Wartmann (1739-1815), who described this species in 1777 but did not use a Linnaean name
Coregonus widegreni Malmgren 1863 in honor of Swedish ichthyologist and fisheries official Hjalmar Widegren (1838-1878), who recognized this species as a unique form of C. fera in 1862
Coregonus zuerichensis Nüsslin 1882 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Lake Zürich, Switzerland, type locality
Coregonus zugensis Nüsslin 1882 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Lake Zug, Switzerland, type locality [extinct by 1935 due to eutrophication]
Subgenus Leucichthys Dybowski 1874 leukos, white; ichthys, fish, Greek transliteration of the Anglo-Saxon vernacular “whitefish,” referring to their generally white or silvery coloration
Coregonus alpenae (Koelz 1924) of Alpena, Michigan, USA, a city on the shore of Lake Michigan’s Thunder Bay, one of the locations where this whitefish was collected (but not considered part of the paratype series)
Coregonus artedi artedi Lesueur 1818 patronym not identified, probably in honor of Swedish naturalist Peter Artedi (1705-1735), known as the “father of ichthyology”
Coregonus artedi hubbsi (Koelz 1929) in honor of ichthyologist Carl L. Hubbs (1894-1979), who conducted “extensive explorations” of the eight lakes of the Huron Mountain Club in Marquette County, Michigan, USA, and whose specimens were used in this description
Coregonus autumnalis (Pallas 1776) of autumn, referring to how it migrates from the sea to fresh water in “immense numbers” (translation) during the autumn
Coregonus hoyi (Milner 1874) in honor of physician-naturalist Philo R. Hoy (1816-1892), Racine, Wisconsin, USA, who provided type
Coregonus johannae (Wagner 1910) in honor of Johanna, “a slight token of gratitude for my great indebtedness to my life-companion” (no other information available)
Coregonus kiyi kiyi (Koelz 1921) name used by commercial fishermen of Lake Michigan (rhymes with eye-eye)
Coregonus kiyi orientalis (Koelz 1929) eastern, referring to Lake Ontario, the easternmost of the Great Lakes (where it was endemic and last seen in 1964)
Coregonus laurettae Bean 1881 in honor of Bean’s wife, Lauretta
Coregonus migratorius (Georgi 1775) migratory, referring to its spawning migrations into rivers, which Georgi noted did not seem to follow a set pattern year after year (e.g., different times of years and types of rivers)
Coregonus nigripinnis nigripinnis (Milner 1874) niger, black; pinna, fin, referring to black outer halves of fins [extinct]
Coregonus nigripinnis regalis (Koelz 1929) royal, allusion not explained nor evident
Coregonus nipigon (Koelz 1925) named for Lake Nipigon, Ontario, Canada, type locality (also occurs in Minnesota, USA); presumably derived from the Ojibwe word Animbiigoong, meaning “at continuous water” or “at waters that extend [over the horizon]”
Coregonus peled (Gmelin 1789) presumably its local name along the Pechora River in northern Russia, type locality
Coregonus reighardi (Koelz 1924) in honor of zoologist Jacob Reighard (1861-1942), Koelz’ professor at the University of Michigan and director of the biological survey of the Great Lakes under the United States Fish Commission [probably extinct]
Coregonus sardinella Valenciennes 1848 diminutive of Sardina, a sardine, referring to its herring-like shape [treated as a junior synonym of C. albula by some workers]
Coregonus subautumnalis Kaganowsky 1932 etymology not explained, presumably sub-, somewhat, referring to its close relationship to C. autumnalis
Coregonus tugun (Pallas 1814) Tughùn, its local Russian name in Siberia
Coregonus ussuriensis Berg 1906 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Ussuri River, Russia, where part of the type series was collected (also occurs in China and Japan)
Coregonus zenithicus zenithicus (Jordan & Evermann 1909) –icus, belonging to: Duluth, Minnesota, USA, the “Zenith City,” where Jordan and Evermann saw hundreds of this species in a cold-storage plant
Coregonus zenithicus bartletti (Koelz 1931) in honor of botanist Harley Harris Bartlett (1886-1960), Koelz’ colleague at the University of Michigan
Incertae sedis
Coregonus huntsmani Scott 1987 in honor of marine biologist Archibald Gowalock Huntsman (1883-1973), who recognized the species as distinct as early as 1921 [replacement name for C. canadensis Scott 1967, preoccupied by C. nasus canadensis Berg 1932]
Prosopium Jordan 1878 mask, referring to the large bones (preorbitals) in front of eyes of P. quadrilateralis (=cylindraceum)
Prosopium abyssicola (Snyder 1919) abyss, the deep; –cola, dweller or inhabitant, referring to its deep-water habitat in Bear Lake, Utah-Idaho border, USA (Snyder also noted that it spawned late winter at a depth of 30 m)
Prosopium coulterii (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1892) in honor of botanist John Merle Coulter (1851-1928), author of Manual of the Botany of the Rocky Mountain Region (the area where this salmonid occurs)
Prosopium cylindraceum (Pennant 1784) referring to its “almost cylindrical” body
Prosopium gemmifer (Snyder 1919) set with gems, probably referring to its “pearly” breeding tubercles
Prosopium spilonotus (Snyder 1919) spilos, spot; notus, back, referring to round, dusky spots on dorsal region (which disappear with age)
Prosopium williamsoni (Girard 1856) in honor of Lt. Robert S. Williamson (1825-1882), U.S. Army Corps of Topographical Engineers, who commanded a government survey of proposed transcontinental railroad routes, during which type was collected
Stenodus Richardson 1836 steno-, narrow; odus, tooth, referring to narrow bands of minute teeth on both jaws
Stenodus leucichthys (Güldenstädt 1772) leucos, white; ichthys, fish, Greek transliteration of Belaia Rybyza, its Russian vernacular name
Stenodus nelma (Pallas 1773) local Russian name for this species in Siberia
Subfamily THYMALLINAE Graylings
Thymallus Linck 1790 apparently tautonymous with Salmo thymallus (see T. thymallus for etymology)
Thymallus aeliani (Valenciennes 1848) in honor of Roman author and naturalist Claudius Aelianus (ca. 175-ca. 235), who wrote about this species (or one similar to it) in his De Natura Animalium
Thymallus arcticus (Pallas 1776) referring to its occurrence in the “rocky streams” (translation) of the Arctic Ocean basin of Siberia
Thymallus baicalensis Dybowski 1874 –ensis, suffix denoting place: described as a Lake Baikal (Russia) variety of T. grubi (also occurs in Mongolia)
Thymallus baicalolenensis Matveyev, Samusenok, Pronin & Tel’pukhovsky 2005 –ensis, suffix denoting place: baicol and lena, referring to distribution in Lake Baikal basin and Lena River, Siberia, respectively
Thymallus brevicephalis Mitrofanov 1971 brevis, short; cephalus, head, referring to shorter and lower head relative to body length compared to T. arcticus [originally spelled brevicephalis, often incorrectly emended to brevicephalus]
Thymallus brevipinnis Svetovidov 1931 brevis, short; pinnis, fin, referring to shorter dorsal and anal fins compared to T. arcticus
Thymallus brevirostris Kessler 1879 brevis, short; rostris, snout, referring to its “noticeably shorter” (translation) snout compared to T. vulgaris (=thymallus)
Thymallus burejensis Antonov 2004 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Bureye (also spelled Bureya) River, tributary of Middle Amur River, Russia, where it is endemic
Thymallus flavomaculatus Knizhin, Antonov & Weiss 2006 flavus, yellow; maculatus, spotted, referring to orange-yellow spots on dorsal fin
Thymallus grubii Dybowski 1869 patronym not identified, probably in honor of Dybowski’s professor, the Prussian zoologist Adolph Eduard Grube (1812-1880)
Thymallus lenensis Knizhin 2022 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: upper Lena River basin, Russia, where it primarily occurs
Thymallus ligericus Persat, Weiss, Froufe, Secci-Petretto & Denys 2019 –icus, belonging to: Liger, Latin name for Loire River basin (France), where it is endemic
Thymallus mertensii Valenciennes 1848 in honor of German naturalist and explorer Karl Heinrich Mertens (1796-1830), who illustrated the plate from which Valenciennes proposed the species
Thymallus nigrescens Dorogostaisky 1923 blackish, referring to dark (not mottled) coloration, blackish-blue or almost black during spawning
Thymallus nikolskyi Kaschenko 1899 in honor of ichthyologist-herpetologist Alexander Mikhailovich Nikolsky (also spelled Nikolskii, 1858-1942), who, with Solomon Markovich Herzenstein (1854-1894), first indicated differences between Altai and European graylings
Thymallus pallasii Valenciennes 1848 in honor of naturalist and explorer Peter Simon Pallas (1741-1811), who described T. arcticus in 1776
Thymallus signifer (Richardson 1823) signum, flag; fero, to bear, referring to its large dorsal fin, whose rays increase “rapidly in height, as their origin is more posterior, become more and more branched, and cause the fin to play loosely like a flag over the posterior part of the body”
Thymallus svetovidovi Knizhin & Weiss 2009 in honor of Anatolii Nikolaevich Svetovidov (1903-1985), “famous researcher of graylings of Eurasia” (translation)
Thymallus thymallus (Linnaeus 1758) according to European folklore, graylings eat “water thyme” and have a thyme-like odor, hence the name; but as salmonid taxonomist Robert J. Behnke (2002) pointed out, “In reality, it takes considerable imagination to sense an odor of thyme on or in a grayling”
Thymallus tugarinae Knizhin, Antonov, Safronov & Weiss 2007 in honor of Polina Yakovlevna Tugarina (1928-2004), Irkutsk State University, “renowned” (translation) researcher of the graylings of Siberia and the Russian Far East
Thymallus yaluensis Mori 1928 –ensis, suffix denoting place: upper Yalu River at Kozan, Korea, type locality [sometimes spelled jaluensis]
Subfamily SALMONINAE Trouts, Salmons and Chars
Brachymystax Günther 1866 brachys, short; mystax, upper lips, referring to “rather short” maxillary of B. coregonoides (=lenok)
Brachymystax czerskii Kirillov 1979 patronym not identified but probably in honor of Jan Czerski (1845-1892), Polish paleontologist, geologist, geographer and explorer of Siberia, where this species occurs (Bakhtiar Bogdanov, pers. comm.)
Brachymystax lenok (Pallas 1773) Lénok, its local Russian name in Siberia
Brachymystax savinovi Mitrofanov 1959 patronym not identified but here is a guess: mammalogist E. F. Savinov, one of Mitrofanov’s colleagues at the Academy of Sciences Kazakhstan USSR, Institute of Zoology
Brachymystax tsinlingensis Li 1966 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Tsinling Mountain region, Shaanxi Province, China, type locality
Brachymystax tumensis Mori 1930 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Tumen (also spelled Tuman) River, Yen-gan, Korea, type locality
Hucho Günther 1866 tautonymous with Salmo hucho (presumably latinization of huchen, German name for H. hucho)
Hucho bleekeri Kimura 1934 in honor of Pieter Bleeker (1819-1878), Dutch medical doctor and ichthyologist, who described the “allied” Salmo pomatops (species inquirenda) in 1879
Hucho hucho (Linnaeus 1758) presumably latinization of huchen, German name for this species
Hucho ishikawae Mori 1928 in honor of biologist Chiyomatsu Ishikawa (1861-1935), Tokyo Imperial University
Hucho taimen (Pallas 1773) Taïmen, its local Russian name in Siberia
Oncorhynchus Suckley 1861 onkos, hook; rhynchus, snout, referring to hooked lower jaw, or kype, of breeding males
Subgenus Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus formosanus (Jordan & Oshima 1919) –anus, belonging to: Formosa (Taiwan), where it is endemic
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbaum 1792) derived from gorbúša, Russian word for humpback, referring to pronounced humped back of males during their spawning migration
Oncorhynchus kawamurae Jordan & McGregor 1925 in honor of biologist-limnologist Tamiji Kawamura (1883-1964), Imperial University (Kyoto, Japan), who “presented” type
Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum 1792) local name for this salmon in the Evenki language of eastern Siberia
Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum 1792) derived from kizhuch (pronounced keez-utch), vernacular name used in the Kamchatka Peninsula in the 16th century (Walbaum spelled it variously as hisutch, hisatch and kisatch; although kisutch is the younger name, prevailing usage applies since 1899)
Oncorhynchus masou masou (Brevoort 1856) derived from masu, vernacular name for this species in Japan
Oncorhynchus masou ishikawae Jordan & McGregor 1925 in honor of biologist Chiyomatsu Ishikawa (1861-1935), Imperial Museum of Tokyo, who collected some of the salmonid specimens examined by the authors
Oncorhynchus masou macrostomus (Günther 1877) macro-, large; stomus, mouth, referring to its “wide oblique” mouth
Oncorhynchus masou rhodurus Jordan & McGregor 1925 rhodo-, rosy; ouros, tail, presumably referring to a bright red stripe along outer rays of caudal fin (fading to white in spirits)
Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum 1792) Russian name for this species
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum 1792) derived from chavycha (pronounced cha-vee-cha or cho-wee-cha), vernacular name for this salmon used in the Kamchatka Peninsula in the 16th century
Subgenus Parasalmo Vladykov 1972 para-, near, for Pacific-area salmonids then placed in the genus Salmo [proposed by Vladykov in 1963 but not available until 1972]
Oncorhynchus aguabonita (Jordan 1892) agua and bonita, Spanish for water and beautiful, respectively, named for Agua Bonita Falls, the cataract (or cascade) at Volcano Creek, California, USA, near type locality
Oncorhynchus apache (Miller 1972) “… in view of the deep concern of the [White Mountain] Apache Tribe for the welfare of this species, it is most appropriate that this distinctive fish be named”
Oncorhynchus chrysogaster (Needham & Gard 1964) chrysos, gold; gaster, belly, referring to bright orange color on belly
Oncorhynchus clarkii (Richardson 1836) in “tribute to the memory” of explorer William Clark (1770-1838, misspelled Clarke by Richardson), who, with Meriwether Lewis (see below), caught this trout during the Lewis and Clark (or Corps of Discovery) Expedition (1804-06), the first American expedition to cross what is now the western portion of the United States
Oncorhynchus gilae (Miller 1950) of the Upper Gila River system, New Mexico, where this trout has “managed to persist” (Arizona populations are now extirpated)
Oncorhynchus henshawi henshawi (Gill & Jordan 1878) in honor of American ornithologist Henry W. Henshaw (1850-1930), U.S. Geological Survey, who collected type
Oncorhynchus henshawi alvordensis (Sigler & Sigler 1987) –ensis, suffix denoting place: Alvord Basin, Oregon and Nevada, USA, where it occurs [extinct]
Oncorhynchus henshawi humboldtensis Trotter & Behnke 2008 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Humboldt River drainage, Nevada and Oregon, USA, where it is endemic
Oncorhynchus henshawi seleniris (Snyder 1933) Selene and Iris, Greek goddesses of the moon and rainbow, respectively, allusion not explained, but according to Snyder’s 1908 description of the ribbonfish (Trachipteridae) Trachypterus seleniris (=Trachipterus altivelis), named “on account of a fancied resemblance of the long, flat, silvery body to the colorless lunar rainbow,” may refer to this Rainbow Trout’s pale coloration, “the whole body much suffused with yellow,” and absence of spots
Oncorhynchus lewisi (Girard 1856)in honor of explorer Meriwether Lewis (1774-1809), who, with William Clark (see above), caught six of this trout at Great Falls, on the Missouri River, Montana, during the Lewis and Clark (or Corps of Discovery) Expedition (1804-06), the first American expedition to cross what is now the western portion of the United States
Oncorhynchus mykiss mykiss (Walbaum 1792) derived from mykizha, vernacular name for this species used in the Kamchatka Peninsula in the 16th century
Oncorhynchus mykiss aquilarum (Snyder 1917) eagles, referring to Eagle Lake, California, USA, where it is endemic
Oncorhynchus mykiss calisulat Campbell & Conway 2023 from the Winnemem Wintu name for this subspecies, cali sulat, meaning “beautiful trout” (the Winnemem Wintu are a Native American tribe who were originally located along the McCloud River, Shasta County, California, where this trout occurs)
Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdnerii (Richardson 1836) in honor of surgeon-naturalist Meredith Gairdner (1809-1837), Hudson’s Bay Company (a fur trading company), who collected type specimens and sent them to Richardson, along with a detailed written description which Richardson quoted; name is “intended as a tribute to the merits of a young though able naturalist, from whom science may expect many important acquisitions, and especially in the history of the Zoology of the Northwest coast of America, should his engagements with the Hudson’s Bay Company permit him to cultivate that hitherto neglected field of observation” (Gairdner died a year later from tuberculosis)
Oncorhynchus mykiss gilberti (Jordan 1894) in honor of ichthyologist and fisheries biologist Charles H. Gilbert (1859-1928), who collected type
Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus (Gibbons 1855) rainbow-like or iridescent, referring to its coloration, a fitting description for a fish that would later be known as the Rainbow Trout
Oncorhynchus mykiss nelsoni (Evermann 1908) in honor of American naturalist and ethnologist Edward W. Nelson (1855-1934), who collected type
Oncorhynchus mykiss newberrii (Girard 1859) in honor of John Strong Newberry (1822-1892), American geologist, physician and explorer, who collected type
Oncorhynchus mykiss stonei (Jordan 1894) in honor of Livingston Stone, superintendent of the first U.S. fish hatchery (The Baird Hatchery, Shasta County, California), who collected type at or near the hatchery; Jordan later (1896) said the name honors Stone for his “valuable services in the propagation of salmon and trout”
Oncorhynchus mykiss whitei (Evermann 1906) in honor of American adventure and nature writer Stewart Edward White (1873-1946), who, fearing the overfishing and potential extinction of California’s golden trouts (of which this is one), contacted his friend and fellow outdoors enthusiast U.S. president Theodore Roosevelt, who then ordered the government to research their biology, distribution and propagation (with Evermann as the lead investigator)
Oncorhynchus penshinensis (Pallas 1814) –ensis, suffix denoting place: Gulf of Penshine, Norofskuja River, Russia, type locality
Oncorhynchus virginalis virginalis (Girard 1856) maidenly, allusion not explained; according to James Prosek’s Trout: an Illustrated History (1996), “its qualities suited a maiden: a pure, unsullied beauty, delicate and desirable”
Oncorhynchus virginalis behnkei Montgomery 1995 in honor of salmonid taxonomist Robert J. Behnke (1929-2013) [Montgomery, a Boston Globe columnist, reprinted descriptive information from Behnke (1992) under the name O. clarkii behnkei in a popular book about fly fishing (Many Rivers to Cross), making him the author of the taxon]
Oncorhynchus virginalis bouvieri (Jordan & Gilbert 1883) in honor of “Captain Bouvier,” friend of U.S. Army officer and ornithologist Charles E. Bendire (1836-1897), who proposed the name Salmo bouvieri as a new species in an unpublished manuscript
Oncorhynchus virginalis macdonaldi (Jordan & Evermann 1890) in honor of Marhsall McDonald (1835-1895, note latinization of “Mc” to “Mac”), U.S. Commissioner of Fisheries, for his services in spreading the range of salmonids in America [extinct]
Oncorhynchus virginalis pleuriticus (Cope 1872) –icus, pertaining to: pleuros, the side, referring to its red lateral band
Oncorhynchus virginalis stomias (Cope 1871) Greek for a large-mouthed animal, referring to its “wide mandible and mouth” (although its mouth is no larger than other cutthroat trout subspecies) [this taxon is subject to revalidation since holotype is actually a specimen of O. v. virginalis]
Oncorhynchus virginalis utah (Suckley 1874) named for Utah Lake, Utah, USA, type locality (also occurs in Idaho, Wyoming and Nevada)
Parahucho Vladykov 1963 para-, near, originally proposed as a subgenus of Hucho
Parahucho perryi (Brevoort 1856) in honor of Matthew C. Perry (1794-1858), Commodore, U.S. Navy, “able commander of the United States Japan Expedition, to whose efforts alone we owe the scanty yet interesting zoological collections and drawings [including that of this species], made under disadvantageous circumstances, while the squadron was in those distant seas”
Salmo Linnaeus 1758 ancient word for salmon, probably either of Celtic origin or from the pre-Indo-European Iberian of Aquitania (source: A. Andrews, “Greek and Latin terms for salmon and trout,” Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association, 86[1955]: 308-318)
Subgenus Salmo
Salmo abanticus Tortonese 1954 –icus, belonging to: Lake Abant, Turkey, type locality
Salmo akairos Delling & Doadrio 2005 Greek for inopportune, allusion not explained in description; according to Bo Delling (pers. comm.), name reflects the set of circumstances that prevented his first attempt to describe this species (with a different name) from being published in 2002 (rejection by journal, unauthorized release of manuscript name to the popular press, and a general reticence to describe new Salmo taxa due to prevailing notions of salmonid taxonomy)
Salmo aphelios Kottelat 1997 apo-, far or remote; helios, sun, i.e., aphelion, astronomic term for point of orbit where a planet is at its greatest distance from the sun (early July for Earth), referring to its June-July spawning time (replacement name for Salmo letnica aestivalis Stefanovic 1948, preoccupied by Salmo ischchan aestivalis Fortunatov 1927)
Salmo araxensis Turan, Kottelat & Kaya 2022 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Arax, ancient name of the Aras River, Kars Province, Turkey, in whose basin this trout occurs
Salmo ardahanensis Turan, Kottelat & Kaya 2022 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Ardahan Province, Turkey, where type locality (Stream Toros, Kura River drainage) is situated
Salmo balcanicus (Karaman 1927) Balkan, referring to its distribution in Lake Ohrid (Albania and Macedonia), the deepest lake of the Balkans
Salmo baliki Turan, Aksu, Oral, Kaya & Bayçelebi 2021 in honor of Turkish taxonomist Süleyman Balik, for his contributions to the freshwater fish fauna of Turkey
Salmo brunoi Turan, Bayçelebi, Aksu & Oral 2024 in honor of Bruno Guinand, University of Montpellier (France), for his “valuable contribution” to Salmo population genomics research
Salmo carpio Linnaeus 1758 Latin for carp, presumably derived from carpione, its vernacular name in Italy (where it is native), which dates to at least the 5th-century writer Salvian (or Salvianus)
Salmo caspius Kessler 1877 Caspian, referring to is distribution in the Caspian Sea drainage basin
Salmo cenerinus Nardo 1847 apparent latinization of the Italian cenere, ashen or ashy, name coined by Italian malacologist Stefano Abate Chiereghini (1745-1820) in an unpublished manuscript, where he described this trout as having “shiny silver ashy [sides] sown with circular dark red spots” (translation)
Salmo cettii Rafinesque 1810 in honor of Francesco Cetti (1726-1778), Jesuit priest, zoologist and mathematician, who referred to this species as “Trotta Sonda” in his multi-volume natural history of Sardinia (1774-77)
Salmo chilo Turan, Kottelat & Engin 2012 Latin word for someone who has a big lip, referring to “conspicuously” subterminal mouth with a fleshy maxilla and lower lip
Salmo ciscaucasicus Dorofeeva 1967 cis-, on this side, i.e., Ciscaucasia, referring to distribution in northeast Caucasus (between the Black and Caspian Seas)
Salmo coruhensis Turan, Kottelat & Engin 2010 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Çoruh River drainage, Erzurum Province, Turkey, type locality
Salmo danilewskii (Gulelmi 1888) patronym not identified, presumably in honor of Nikolai Danilewski (also spelled Nikolay Danilevsky, 1822-1885), Russian naturalist, economist, ethnologist, philosopher and historian
Salmo dentex (Heckel 1851) with large teeth, referring to its larger, more powerful teeth compared to typical S. trutta in Dalmatia (now Bosnia-Herzegovina)
Salmo duhani Turan & Aksu 2023 in honor of Duhan Turan, son of the first author
Salmo euphrataeus Turan, Kottelat & Engin 2014 of the Euphrates River, referring to distribution in headwaters of the northern Euphrates River in Turkey
Salmo ezenami Berg 1948 of Lake Ezenam, Daghestan, Caucasus, Russia, type locality
Salmo fahrettini Turan, Kalayci, Bektaş, Kaya & Bayçelebi 2020 in honor of Turkish zoologist Fahrettin Küçük, Süleyman Demirel University, for his contributions to the knowledge of freshwater fishes in Turkey (where this trout is endemic)
Salmo farioides Karaman 1938 –oides, having the form of: referring to its previous identification under the name S. fario (=trutta)
Salmo ferox Jardine 1835 fierce, referring to its “extreme voracity and rapacious habits”
Salmo fibreni Zerunian & Gandolfi 1990 of the Fibreno river basin, including Lake Posta Fibreno (Italy), where it is endemic
Salmo gegarkuni Kessler 1877 historical name for Lake Sevan, Armenia (also spelled Gegharkuni), where it is endemic (although introduced elsewhere)
Salmo ghigii Pomini 1941 in honor of Italian zoologist Alessandro Ghigi (1875-1970), who led expedition during which holotype (now lost) was collected
Salmo ischchan ischchan Kessler 1877 Armenian for prince, local name for this trout in Armenia, referring to row of spots like a crown on its head
Salmo ischchan aestivalis Fortunatov 1926 of the summer, referring to the timing of its spawning run
Salmo kottelati Turan, Doğan, Kaya & Kanyılmaz 2014 in honor of Swiss ichthyologist Maurice Kottelat (b. 1957), for his contributions to the knowledge of European and Asian fishes
Salmo labecula Turan, Kottelat & Engin 2012 Latin word meaning “with small spots,” referring to color pattern of adults made only of black spots
Salmo labrax Pallas 1814 ancient Greek equivalent of the modern Greek lavraki, both meaning seabass, its local name in the Crimean Peninsula
Salmo letnica (Karaman 1924) local Slavic word than means “summer fish” because it is caught mainly in the summer, compared to S. dentex, “zimnica,” which is caught mainly in the winter
Salmo lourosensis Delling 2011 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Louros River, Greece, where it appears to be endemic
Salmo lumi Poljakov 1958 Albanian word for river, proposed as a river-spawning subspecies of the lacustrine S. letnica
Salmo macedonicus (Karaman 1924) Macedonian, referring to country where it is endemic
Salmo macrostigma (Duméril 1858) macro-, long or large; stigma, mark or spot, referring to many black rounded spots regularly arranged on the sides
Salmo marmoratus Cuvier 1829 marbled, referring to its distinctive color pattern
Salmo multipunctatus Doadrio, Perea & Yahyaoui 2015 multi-, many; punctatus, spotted, referring to numerous spots and marks along body
Salmo munzuricus Turan, Kottelat & Kaya 2017 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Munzur Stream, Euphrates River drainage, Turkey, where it appears to be endemic
Salmo murathani Turan, Kottelat & Kaya 2022 in honor of Murathan Turan, son of the senior author
Salmo nigripinnis Günther 1866 niger, black; pinnis, fin, referring to black spots on dorsal fin, black vertical fins, and/or paired fins whose outer halves are black
Salmo okumusi Turan, Kottelat & Engin 2014 in honor of the late Ibrahim Okumus¸ (1960-2009), Dean of the Faculty of Fisheries, Rize University (Turkey)
Salmo opimus Turan, Kottelat & Engin 2012 Latin for fat, plump or opulent, referring to “massive, deep body” of large adults
Salmo oxianus Kessler 1874 –anus, belonging to: Oxua River, ancient name for Amu Darya River, referring to distribution in the Upper Amu Darya River basin (including Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan)
Salmo pallaryi Pellegrin 1924 in honor of malacologist Paul Maurice Pallary (1869-1942), who collected type [probably extinct]
Salmo pelagonicus Karaman 1938 –icus, belonging to: Pelagonia, the geographical plain between Greece and Macedonia, where it occurs
Salmo pellegrini Werner 1931 in honor of ichthyologist Jacques Pellegrin (1873-1944), who collected and studied the fishes of Morocco (where this trout occurs), and described S. pallaryi, also from Morocco, in 1924
Salmo peristericus Karaman 1938 –icus, belonging to: Perister (or Baba) Mountain, Macedonia, which overlooks Prespa Lake and Brajcinska Reka creek, co-type localities (also occurs in Greece and Albania)
Salmo platycephalus Behnke 1968 platy, broad or flat; cephalus, head, referring to its “broad, comparatively flat head”
Salmo rhodanensis Fowler 1974 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Rhône River (Rhodanus in Greco-Roman geography), France, type locality (also occurs in Switzerland and Italy) [name dates to Roule 1923 but was not published in an available way]
Salmo rizeensis Turan, Kottelat & Engin 2010 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Rize, Turkey (both city and province), where it is widely distributed
Salmo salar Linnaeus 1758 presumably from the Latin salire, to jump, referring to its ability to leap up waterfalls and other obstructions during its spawning run, but some scholars dispute this notion, saying it derives from a Celtic or Pre-Indo-European name (see account for Salmo); another explanation is that it derives from salis, salt, referring to its marine life-history stage
Salmo schiefermuelleri Bloch 1784 in honor of Johann Ignaz Schiffermüller (1727-1806), Austrian theologian and naturalist, who provided type [note that Bloch misspelled the name]
Salmo stomachicus Günther 1866 –icus, pertaining to: the stomach, referring to its stomach membranes, which are “conspicuously thicker in this species than in its congeners”
Salmo taleri (Karaman 1933) in honor of Zdravko Taler (d. 1954), an amateur scientist who helped Karaman access remote sites to collect interesting trout populations in Montenegro, including type of this species
Salmo tigridis Turan, Kottelat & Bektaş 2011 genitive singular of Tigris, referring to Tigris River drainage, Turkey, where it is endemic
Salmo trutta trutta Linnaeus 1758 Latin word for trout, possibly derived from the Greek troktes, meaning nibbler
Salmo trutta fario Linnaeus 1758 ancient word for trout, synonymous with trutta, its origin obscure, possibly a falsa lectio (false reading) of sario (typeset with a long s, which looks like an f); according to Ausonius (c.310-c.395), sario was a fish intermediate between salmo and salar
Salmo trutta lacustris Linnaeus 1758 lacustrine (belonging to a lake), referring to its occurrence in large cool lakes (compared to the anadromous nominate subspecies)[treated as a full species by some workers]
Salmo viridis Doadrio, Perea & Yahyaoui 2015 green, referring to its diagnostic greenish coloration on some parts of body and fins
Salmo visovacensis Taler 1950 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Visovac Lake, Croatia, type locality
Salmo zrmanjaensis Karaman 1938 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Zrmanja River near Obrovac and Zegar, Croatia, type locality
Subgenus Acantholingua Hadzisce 1960 acanthus, thorn or spine; lingua, tongue, referring to glossohyal teeth of S. ohridanus
Salmo ohridanus Steindachner 1892 –anus, belonging to: Lake Ohrid, Albania and Macedonia, where it is endemic
Subgenus Salmothymus Berg 1908 etymology not explained, probably a combination of Salmo and Thymallus, the latter genus at one time housing S. obtusirostris (according to Svetovidov 1975, Berg regarded Salmothymus as a connecting link between Salmo and Thymallus)
Salmo montenigrinus (Karaman 1933) –inus, belonging to: Montenegro, where type locality (Morača River at Titograd) is situated (also occurs in Bosnia-Herzegovina)
Salmo obtusirostris obtusirostris (Heckel 1851) obtusus, blunt; rostris, snout, referring to its “remarkably short, blunt and rounded” snout (translation, although snout is better described as elongate, not short)
Salmo obtusirostris krkensis (Karaman 1927) –ensis, suffix denoting place: Krka River at Knin, Croatia, where it is endemic
Salmo obtusirostris salonitana (Karaman 1927) –ana, belonging to: Solin (Salona in Latin), Dalmatia, Croatia, near where Jadro River (type locality) is situated
Salmo zetensis (Hadzisce 1960) –ensis, suffix denoting place: Zeta River, tributary to Lake Skadar, Montenegro, type locality
Salvelinus Richardson 1836 latinization of säibling, an old German word for char (Richardson credited the name to Nilsson 1832, who used it for the group “Salvelini”)
Subgenus Salvelinus
Salvelinus albus Glubokovsky 1977 white, allusion not explained, presumably referring to white belly and/or pelvic and anal fins, whose first rays are white
Salvelinus alpinus alpinus (Linnaeus 1758) alpine, referring to its occurrence in alpine lakes
Salvelinus alpinus erythrinus (Georgi 1775) erythros, red; –inus, adjectival suffix, presumably referring to brilliant red sides and ventral region
Salvelinus alpinus oquassa (Girard 1854) named for Lake Oquassa, one of the Rangeley Lakes of Maine, USA; according to local anglers, on or about 10 October this trout leaves the deep waters of Moosemegantic Lake to spawn in Kenebago, an inlet, and then ascends into Lake Oquassa, where it spends a month before returning to Moosemegantic until the next October
Salvelinus alpinus orientalis Kirillov 1972 eastern, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to its distribution in eastern Yakutia (or Sakha Republic), Russia
Salvelinus andriashevi Berg 1948 in honor of Soviet ichthyologist Anatoly Petrovich Andriashev (1910-2009), who collected type
Salvelinus boganidae Berg 1926 of Boganida Lake, Khatanga River basin, Sakha-Yakutia, Russia, type locality
Salvelinus confluentus (Suckley 1859) referring to “confluent spots of dark brown, or black” on upper surface of body
Salvelinus curilus (Pallas 1814) latinization of Kuriles, referring to distribution in rivers of the Kurile (or Kuril) Islands of the Russian Far East (also occurs in Sakhalin Island, Russia, and in Korea and Japan)
Salvelinus czerskii Dryagin 1932 patronym not identified but probably in honor of Jan Czerski (1845-1892), Polish paleontologist, geologist, geographer and explorer of Siberia, where this species occurs
Salvelinus drjagini Logashev 1940 patronym not identified but clearly in honor of Petr Amphilokhovich Drjagin (1893-1977), ichthyologist, hydrobiologist and fisheries specialist, a pioneer of fisheries research in Russia and management of inland waters (Artém Prokofiev, pers. comm.)
Salvelinus elgyticus Viktorovsky & Glubokovsky 1981 –icus, belonging to: Elgygytkhyn Lake, Anadyr River basin, Chukotski Peninsula, Russia, type locality
Salvelinus evasus Freyhof & Kottelat 2005 past participle of the Latin verb evadere (escape, get away), referring to how, unlike other deepwater chars (e.g., S. neocomensis, S. profundus), this one has evaded extinction despite heavy pollution
Salvelinus faroensis Joensen & Tåning 1970 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Faroe Islands, where it is endemic
Salvelinus gracillimus Regan 1909 very slender; according to Regan (1911), its body is “more elongate than any other Char, the greatest depth being contained from five and a half to six and a half times in the length of the fish, measured to the base of the caudal fin”
Salvelinus gritzenkoi Vasil’eva & Stygar 2000 in honor of salmon biologist Oleg F. Gritsenko (also spelled Gritzenko), the “main organizer” of the 1999 expedition to the north Kuril Islands of Russia, when type was collected (and where this species is endemic)
Salvelinus inframundus Regan 1909 infra-, below or under; mundus, earth or world, i.e., underworld, referring to Hellyal Lake (now known as Heldale Water, Hoy Island, Scotland), type locality, derived from Hel (or Hella), the Norse goddess of the underworld [possibly extinct]
Salvelinus jacuticus Borisov 1935 latinization of Yakutian, referring to Yakutia, a large area in northern-central and eastern Siberia, where it occurs
Salvelinus killinensis (Günther 1866) –ensis, suffix denoting place: Loch Killin, Scotland, where it is endemic
Salvelinus krogiusae Glubokovsky & Chereshnev 2002 in honor of Russian ichthyologist Faina Vladimirovna Krogius (1902-1989), who worked for about 50 years on Dal’nee Lake, Kamchatka, on the biology of Oncorhynchus nerka and on lake ecology in general (also, she collected type in 1938)
Salvelinus kronocius Viktorovsky 1978 –icus, belonging to: Lake Kronotskoye drainage, Kamchatka, Russia, where it occurs
Salvelinus kuznetzovi Taranetz 1933 patronym not identified, probably in honor of fisheries biologist Ivan Ivanovich Kuznetsov (1885-1962), who was working in Kamchatka (where this char occurs) at the time
Salvelinus lepechini (Gmelin 1789) in honor of Ivan Ivanovoich Lepechin (also spelled Lepyokhin, 1737-1802), Russian physician, naturalist and explorer, who first described this species, but apparently did not name it, in 1780
Salvelinus leucomaenis leucomaenis (Pallas 1814) adjectival form of leukoma, a white opacity, referring to white- or cream-colored spots on body
Salvelinus leucomaenis imbrius (Jordan & McGregor 1925) etymology not explained, possibly imbrium, showers or rain, similar to S. l. pluvius, whose name means rainy, from a Japanese name that means “rain fish”
Salvelinus leucomaenis japonicus Oshima 1961 Japanese, referring to country where it is endemic
Salvelinus leucomaenis pluvius (Hilgendorf 1876) rainy, Latin equivalent of Ameno-uwo, vernacular name for this fish in Japan, meaning “rain fish” or “rain charr,” referring to how they move from one shallow mountain stream to another during the rainy season
Salvelinus levanidovi Chereshnev, Skopets & Gudkov 1989 in honor of the late Soviet ichthyologist and hydrobiologist Vladimir Yakovlevich Levanidov (1913-1981), “a leading expert on and student of the biology of salmonid ecosystems of the [Russian] Far East” (translation)
Salvelinus lonsdalii Regan 1909 in honor of Hugh Lowther, 5th Earl of Lonsdale (1857-1944), who “presented” the type specimens
Salvelinus mallochi Regan 1909 in honor of Peter Duncan Malloch (1853-1921), the “well-known naturalist of Perth” (Scotland), where this trout occurs (he was also a renowned angler and tackle maker)
Salvelinus malma malma (Walbaum 1792) vernacular name for this trout used in the Kamchatka Peninsula in the 16th century
Salvelinus malma anaktavukensis Morrow 1973 –ensis, suffix denoting place: from the Eskimo name Anaktuvuk (meaning Pass), “the place of the caribou crossing,” referring to the approximate center of its east-west distribution and general area of its type locality in Alaska
Salvelinus malma lordii (Günther 1866)in honor of John Keast Lord (1819-1872), naturalist to the British North American Boundary Commission, who presented type to the British Museum (Natural History)
Salvelinus malma miyabei Oshima 1938 patronym not identified but probably in honor of botanist-mycologist Kingo Miyabe (1876-1951)
Salvelinus maxillaris Regan 1909 presumably referring to its maxillary extending to below posterior margin of eye in females and beyond in males
Salvelinus murta (Saemundsson 1908) local name for this charr along Lake Thingvalla, Iceland, where it is endemic
Salvelinus neiva Taranetz 1933 local name (possibly of Eskimo origin) for this char in the Russian Far East, where it occurs
Salvelinus neocomensis Freyhof & Kottelat 2005 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Neocomus, Latin name of Neuchâtel, referring to Lake Neuchâtel, Switzerland, where this char (now extinct) was endemic
Salvelinus perisii (Günther 1865) of Llyn Peris (also known as Llanberris), a lake in Snowdonia, Wales, type locality [replacement name for Salmo cambricus Günther 1862, preoccupied by S. cambricus Donovan 1806, a synonym of S. trutta]
Salvelinus profundus (Schillinger 1901) deep, referring to occurrence in deepwater habitat of Lake Constance in Germany, Switzerland and Austria [extinct]
Salvelinus salvelinoinsularis (Lönnberg 1900) insular, of an island, proposed as a subspecies of S. salvelinus (=alpinus) from Lake Ella, Bear Island, Norway
Salvelinus schmidti Viktorovsky 1978 patronym not identified but probably in honor of Soviet ichthyologist Petr Yulievich Schmidt (1872-1949), a prominent researcher on fishes of the Russian Far East, where this species occurs
Salvelinus struanensis (Maitland 1881) –ensis, suffix denoting place, not explained in original description, but probably honors the chief of Clan Donnachaidh (traditionally known as Robertson of Struan, or Struan Robertson or simply Struan), in whose ancient territories Loch Rannoch, Pertshire, Scotland (type locality), lay
Salvelinus taimyricus Mikhin 1949 –icus, belonging to: Lake Taimyr, Russia, type locality
Salvelinus taranetzi Kaganowsky 1955 in memory of Soviet ichthyologist Anatoly Yakovlevich Taranetz (1910-1941), for significant contributions to the study of fishes from the Russian Far East and the genus Salvelinus
Salvelinus thingvallensis (Saemundsson 1908) –ensis, suffix denoting place: Lake Thingvalla, Iceland, where it is endemic
Salvelinus tolmachoffi Berg 1926 in honor of Innokenty Petrovich Tolmachov (1872-1950), geographer, geologist and paleontologist, who led an expedition to Khatanga, Russia, in 1905-06 and collected type
Salvelinus vasiljevae Safronov & Zvezdov 2005 in honor of ichthyologist Ekaterina Denisovna Vasil’yeva (b. 1952), for her significant contribution to the study of fishes from the Russian Far East, including Salvelinus
Salvelinus willoughbii (Günther 1862) in honor of Francis Willughby (sometimes spelled Willoughby, 1635-1672), British ichthyologist and ornithologist, “the first who with the practised eye of an ichthyologist examined the Charrs of England and Wales”
Salvelinus youngeri Friend 1956 in honor of Henry John Younger, of Younger’s Brewery (est. 1778). who gave permission for the “netting” in Loch Eck, Cowal, Argyllshire, Scotland, type locality
Subgenus Baione DeKay 1842 baion, “a small fish alluded to by ancient writers,” referring to a spring population of dwarf or juvenile S. fontinalis that DeKay believed represented both a new genus and species
Salvelinus fontinalis fontinalis (Mitchill 1814) living in or near springs; “He lives in running waters only,” Mitchill wrote, “and not in stagnant ponds; and, therefore, the lively streams, descending north and south from their sources on Long-Island [New York, USA], exactly suit the constitution of this fish”
Salvelinus fontinalis agassizii (Garman 1885) in honor of zoologist-geologist Louis Agassiz (1807-1873), Harvard University, whose 1839 Histoire naturelle des poissons d’eau douce de l’Europe centrale is cited several times in Garman’s work, and who described S. namaycush siscowet in 1850 [extinct; treated as a full species by some workers]
Salvelinus fontinalis timagamiensis Henn & Rinkenbach 1925 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Timagami region of Ontario, Canada, type locality
Salvelinus multidentatus Stauffer 2020 multi-, many; dentatus, toothed, referring to many teeth (8-9) on the basihyal
Subgenus Cristivomer Gill & Jordan 1878 crista, crest, referring to raised crest behind head of vomer, armed with teeth
Salvelinus namaycush namaycush (Walbaum 1792) Native American name for this species, probably the Cree namekush, meaning “dweller of the deep”
Salvelinus namaycush siscowet (Agassiz 1850) Native American name for this trout along Lake Superior in Ontario, Canada, derived from an Ojibwe word meaning “cooks itself” or “that which has oily flesh” (also apparently root word for “cisco,” vernacular name for Coregonus species in North America)
Salvethymus Chereshnev & Skopets 1990 combination of Salvelinus and Thymallus, reflecting how it possesses a number of morphological characteristics found in both genera
Salvethymus svetovidovi Chereshnev & Skopets 1990 in honor of Soviet ichthyologist and Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, the late Anatoliy Nikolayevich Svetovidov (1903-1985), for his considerable contribution to the study of salmonids